Ukushisa. Izinhlobo ukushisa. Ukwahlukanisa ukushisa

Ngamunye wethu ubhekene elula ukushisa. Isibonelo okuphawuleka ukwakhiwa "tube e tube" noma into efana naleyo. Kungaba nzima ukucabanga ngokuphila kwethu, uma ebengalidluliselanga owasungula le umzimba ukushisa. Kuze kube manje, kukhona lenqwaba ukushisa. Phakathi kwabo, azigcini nje ngokuhluka ezibekiweko kodwa i-scope, umklamo, nokunye. N. Asixoxe kabanzi ngale ndaba bese ibheka izikhathi ezithakazelisayo.

Olunye ulwazi jikelele

I ukushisa - kuyisu elisetshenziswa ukuze uthumele ukushisa komunye imvelo kwenye. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi umzimba ukushisa uqobo, ngaphandle Ukushisa imishini, kuyinto engenamsebenzi, kodwa eziyinkimbinkimbi ingatholakala imiphumela emihle kakhulu futhi ukushisa yimpumelelo ngisho amakamelo amakhulu amakhaza kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi njalo uzama ukunciphisa nokushisa uma udluliselwa imvelo ezahlukene. Namuhla ayikwazi ngizibonge kahle 100%, kodwa nekusebenta 90-95% angakhuluma ngesibindi. izici Operational and technical komkhiqizo ayathuthuka ngokusebenzisa izinto walungisa ngokukhethekile, kanye kokupholisayo. Yiqiniso, kancane kwandisa intengo imishini, kodwa kuwufanele umzamo.

Lapho onjiniyela ukuklama njalo ebhekene nezidingo engqubuzanayo okufanele zenziwe isitsha esisodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukumelana ukugeleza futhi ngaleyo ndlela ngcono Coefficient ukudluliswa ukushisa. Ukushisa kumele kube ukumelana ukugqwala, kodwa cha is kakhulu lukhuni for the service. Konke lokhu kuye kwabangela ukuba iqiniso lokuthi kukhona izinhlobo eziningi ukushisa. Kuye isimo, sebenzisa omunye esifanelana kangcono.

Ukwahlukanisa ukushisa

Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, zikhona njengamanje isibalo esikhulu sezithunjwa ukushisa. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, kufanele ahlukaniswe inqubo yokudlulisa emlilweni ophansi. Lapha kwabebhange ukushisa zihlukaniswe amaqembu ezilandelayo:

• recuperative;
• okuzivuselela;
• ukuxuba;
• kagesi eshubile.

Asithathe isibonelo eduze bheka recuperative ukushisa. Umklamo womkhiqizo kusho khona olulodwa-ungqimba noma multi-ungqimba udonga lapho ukushisa idluliswe. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka ngokunyakaza engaguquki. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kulolu hlobo ukudluliswa ukushisa apharathasi Kwenziwa ukunyakaza ophoqelelwe ngaphandle kokushintsha isimo isigaba. Kodwa lokhu kwenzeka kuphela kubantu unomphela ukushisa. Uma sikhuluma lokubolekwa ne gqwa operation mode, bese ngisebenza esinye isikhathi esithile ke Kwenziwa Ukushisa, ukuhwamuka kanye nokupholisa, bonke imodi ezilandelanayo. Amadivayisi anjalo kukhona ukushisa ne ongagxilile ezinyakazayo ezishisayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lokushisa kokupholisayo at itheku futhi kuleyo ndawo yokuhweba kuyahluka kakhulu. Ngokuvamile amayunithi ezinjalo zitholakala uhlobo ohlobo futhi ipuleti, ribbed, nezinye izinhlobo. Ngemva kwesikhashana sizobheka izinhlobo eziningana. Kodwa lokhu ngezigaba ukushisa akugcini lapho.

amayunithi okuzivuselela futhi bafudumale electric

Kulokhu, njengoba nje ku esandulele, ngokudlulisa le energy ezishisayo isetshenziswa ebusweni ukudluliswa ukushisa. Nokho, le ndawo uhlobo okunamathiselwe. It ukhonza njengomdala Lesisemkhatsini ekuqongeleleni izindlela oluhlala ukushisa. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, yonke le nqubo zingahlukaniswa izigaba eziningana. Esikhathini umlomo wombhobho esigabeni sokuqala kuthatha ethile ukushisa. Khona-ke kukhona kwathatha esigabeni sesibili, futhi kokupholisayo sidlulile kanye ebusweni umlomo wombhobho. Lokhu kwenzeka uma kushintshwa notshwala kokupholisayo. Kulesi sigaba, umlomo wombhobho kancane kancane selehlile, kanti ukushisa zanqwabelana e medium sishiswa okulandelanayo, okungase kube igumbi lakho.

Regenerators kukhona amayunithi angasi umile. Umlomo wombhobho ngokuvamile fixed, futhi izinqubo ezishisayo - synchronously okuphindayo. Amadivayisi yalolu hlobo ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi skruberrami noma ukubanda imibhoshongo.

Ingqikithi yalo kagesi evuthayo ukushisa wukuthi njengoba umthombo oyinhloko ukushisa usebenzisa ugesi. Yokuguqula amandla kagesi ku energy ezishisayo usebenzisa ukufakwa arc kagesi. Zingaba kokubili Ukushisa nenkhulumombiko. Okuvame kakhulu ukushisa umkhakha - lokungeniswa nokuzabalazela heater. Njengoba ubona, kwabebhange ukushisa zingase zihluke, manje sibheka ngokuningiliziwe ngalunye oluphilayo, ububanzi kanye nomklamo walo izici.

Kuvunguza ukushisa

Idivayisi siqukethe pair of iziteshi Kuvunguza. Ngokuvamile ibekwa nilimaza emhlabeni ahlula emaphakathi. Ngenxa yalesi zenziwa kusukela impahla sewebhu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuvunguza ukushisa afaneleka kahle ukuba Ukushisa lwaluyophola uketshezi kokuba okusezingeni eliphezulu viscosity Coefficient.

Ngu futhi kwakhiwa esikhulu Ukushisa Kwamanzi kusukela amashidi ezimbili metal zazo wajoyina ngumuntu weld kuya cores. Unit yakhiwe iziteshi 2 kuphela, ngokuvamile wamaqhuqhuva cross kwesigaba kwakheka esime a Kuvunguza. Ukuphela Kuvunguza (yangaphakathi) has udonga oluhlukanisayo bese ilungiswe esebenzisa izikhonkwane. Ukushisa angakhiqiza kokubili mpo futhi enezingqimba. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukusungula uhlobo olulodwa ngenxa isikhala esanele noma eziyinkimbinkimbi ukucushwa isikhala ke yesibili isetshenziswa, ekhethiwe ngaphezulu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umthengi angase ukhethe Kuvunguza ukushisa ne nobubanzi ezahlukene Kuvunguza, kusukela ngamasentimitha 20 150. Kulokhu Ukushisa kwamanzi kungaba ahluka 3.2 kuya ku-100 metres square nge esiphezulu ohlelweni ingcindezi 1 MPA.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imishini ukudluliswa ukushisa enezinto eziningi Izinzuzo ebaluleke. Okokuqala, lokhu encishisiwe ukugeleza ukumelana. Okwesibili, compactness nekghono okusezingeni eliphezulu, futhi ukushuba ukushisa. Kodwa konke lokhu nomthelela yokuthi kwakukhona amaphutha ngendlela ukwakhiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ukulungisa.

On kwabebhange ipuleti ukushisa

Okwamanje ekhiqizwa separable futhi okungezona ipuleti ukushisa. Ngokwemvelo, uhlobo sokuqala akukhetha kakhulu uma kucatshangelwa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Okokuqala, kungenxa yesondlo lula. Imishini enjalo is ngokushesha okukhulu zesikole zezikhali, ngakho noma yikuphi ukwehluleka siqedwa ngesikhathi esifushane. onobuhle afakwe ezimvilophini kungukuthi ngokuvamile ilungiswa, uma lokhu kwenziwe, isikhathi eside ke kakhulu.

Empeleni, leli gama lisikisela ukuthi imishini siqukethe isitaki izingqimba prefabricated. Bona zingenziwa impahla ezehlukene ezifana nethusi, titanium, graphite, nokunye. N. ngokuthuthukisa izindawo zokusebenza amapuleti lukathayela zenziwa Cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kwabebhange ipuleti ukushisa ageleza abandayo kanye hot kokupholisayo ukugeleza zamatshe.

Ngokwaso imishini okuhle ukuthi unesikhathi isakhiwo abanekhono. Kungenzeka ukwandisa ukushisa exchange surface area, futhi zonke libuthana ndawonye endaweni usayizi elincane. Kunoma ikuphi, ngaphambi kokuthenga Kwenziwa ekubalweni ukushisa, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba uthole idatha mayelana nendlela idivayisi amandla kuyadingeka endabeni ethile. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi zonke amapuleti zazo some in the iphakethe ngenxa okufanayo ifomu ukuma iziteshi phakathi kwazo. Ngabo, ketshezi ageleza. Futhi manje sizobheka ezinye imininingwane mnandi ezihlobana imishini.

Ukusetshenziswa gaskets

Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, isivikelo esiyinhloko-amapuleti ukushisa exchange asetshenziswa. Zenziwa nge wokushaya abandayo. Ngenxa yalesi ukugqwala injongo Alloys ukumelana ezingaba kakhulu ngcono ukuqina kanye nokwethulwa ngokuyiko kwezinhlelo iyunithi. I ukushuba amapuleti kuye onobuhle kungaba isukela 0.4 kuya 1.0 mm. Esikhathini isikhundla ukusebenza amapuleti kuthiwa sicindezelwe uvalwe komunye nomunye. Lokhu kukhipha iziteshi ezincane slotted. On the front kukhona inkatho ekhethekile gasket iraba (uphawu) ukusetha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izimbobo pads, okuyizinto ezidingekayo ukuze kwaneliswe ukususwa uketshezi. Uma kwenzeka omunye apertures ukufohla enikeziwe isimiso sokukhuculula anemifantu, esinciphisa kuhlangana ezindaweni ashisayo nabandayo.

Ngokudala counterflow phakathi ezindaweni ezimbili osekuzuziwe hhayi kuphela ngcono isethi lokushisa, kodwa futhi ngokushesha ukushisa Dlulisa iphansana ukumelana wokubacindezela. Ungabi kahle ukusho ukuthi Isimiso esiyisisekelo operation isekelwe counter, okungukuthi, ukuhamba Ukushisa kanye Ukushisa uketshezi bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene. Ukuze ngakususi ukuxuba usethe double iraba uphawu noma ipuleti metal. Isibalo amapuleti neziteshi ingase yehluke kuye ngesistimu nezidingo zokusebenza imishini. Ngaphambi kokudala labetibambile design ezishisayo of ukushisa, okuvumela ukucacisa imodi elilungile wokusebenza. Ngezinye izikhathi zisebenzisa Alloys ezibizayo ukuthi asesabi ukusetshenziswa eside ezindaweni nokhahlo.

Plate-fin ukushisa

ORT isetshenziswa ukuze uthumele ukushisa abezindaba ze-non-ezonakalisayo, futhi gaseous ngendlela ebanzi lokushisa ububanzi, kusukela -270 kuya +200 degrees Celsius. Ingcindezi ohlelweni bengase bazikhandlele eziphindwe 100 futhi ziqale cleaner. Umklamo umqondo wokuthobela omunye umuntu ngokusebenzisa surface ribbed nhlangothi zombili plate. Idivayisi yakhiwe izimbambo eziningana, futhi lapho ukudluliswa ukushisa Kwenziwa phakathi kwabezindaba. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi finned ipuleti ukushisa has ezihlukahlukene enkulu izinhlobo izimbambo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ushintshe inani izici tekusebenta futhi lobuchwepheshe. Ngokuvamile ungabona imiphetho okuqhubekayo kanye mihlobiso. Kodwa nangaphandle kwalezi zinto, kukhona exotic ngaphezulu, ezifana perforated kanye zibe maholoholo. Ngenxa impahla ebisetshenziswa uthayela. ukujiya yabo ulawulwa kuye ukucindezela ohlelweni futhi uketshezi esetshenziswa.

Ngokuvamile lezi zinhlobo ukushisa enziwe ezahlukene izinhlobo traffic notshwala. Ezisetshenziswa kakhulu esiphikisayo, kodwa futhi ubambe uhlelo uniflow futhi esiphambanweni. Uma Nokho, inkulumo emfushane mayelana uyabaqinisa imishini esinjalo, eziningi kubo. Okokuqala, kungcono ukusebenza izici, ezifana ukushisa ngokushesha futhi yayishubile. Okwesibili, kungcono usayizi encane. Namuhla, abantu abaningi bathi fin sokufudumeza umzimba ophelele kakhulu. Ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ORT emikhakheni efana amandla, uwoyela, zamakhemikhali zezindiza izimboni. Konke lokhu kungenxa inqwaba izinzuzo, kanye anhlobonhlobo uketshezi ingcindezi ohlelweni.

Igobolondo kanye tube ukushisa design & izici

Heat imishini ukudluliswa ebusweni uhlobo, okuyinto esixoxe kakade, akuyona njengoba othandwayo igobolondo kanye tube amayunithi. Lawa amadivaysi, okuyinto okukhulunywe ngazo ekuqaleni, ngo version elula - uhlelo "ipayipi ipayipi". I umzimba ukushisa lolu hlobo uhlelo (ugongolo) amashubhu okuyinto ezibekwe kule bezinhlamvu. Zavaltsovyvayut tube futhi eziphothene emzimbeni komkhiqizo. Kwezinye izimo, ukuyobula ezengeziwe. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa 100% yobunzima. Leli bhokisi unikezwa Imibhobho esemzimbeni ezengeziwe. Abanye kudingeka unikeze umusi, abanye - ukususa condensate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kukhona cross-eheleni: asetshenziselwa ukusekela amashubhu ukushisa exchange kanye ubude lonke unit. Ngokuthakazelisayo, igobolondo kanye tube ukushisa asetshenziswayo izinga 190 degrees Celsius noma te umusi ingcindezi ephakeme kunaleyo 15 ibha.

Noma yiluphi uhlelo, lokusho ukuhamba koketshezi zingavezwa waterhammer. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa uyakwazi kancane noma ngokuphelele ukuhoxisa imishini wenkonzo. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, sebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene izakhi isitoreji, okubizwa ngokuthi yokwanda ethangini. Kodwa esimweni sethu akudingekile, ngoba igobolondo kanye tube ukushisa kubo asishintshi neze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungabeki izidingo phambili elawula for ubumsulwa imvelo. A kusimo enkulu yalesi imishini ukuthi zonke izinhlobo ukushisa zaloluhlobo zinzima kakhulu metal khudlwana, esithinta izindleko zokugcina kanye nosayizi.

Ukushisa imishini igesi

Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi yimuphi okuqinile fuel noma gas okokubilisa iyona umzimba ukushisa kuhleliswa, bebizwa futhi heater. Izinhlobo ezinkulu esixoxe nawe. Njengoba kungenzeka uye waphawula, ezithile asetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene izimboni. Amanye amadivayisi bathole ukusetshenziswa okubanzi, abanye asetshenziswa ezimbonini kanye zehlukile nezinye. Esimweni sethu, kukhona ukusetshenziswa ijabulise futhi ipuleti ukushisa. Esimweni sokuqala sisebenzelana isimiso amashubhu lesibili - amapuleti. Ngomqondo onabile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo ukushisa ukuze ikholomu igesi kumelwe ahlangabezane nezimfuneko eziningana. Okokuqala, abe okusezingeni eliphezulu ukushisa sokudlulisa Coefficient, futhi okwesibili, ukuba okuhlala kanye nemithi okushisa aphakeme. Izinto ezithandwa kakhulu ithusi, aluminium nensimbi. Inketho yokugcina lingaphansi akukhetha, ngoba eziyinsimbi has a isisindo esikhulu, okuyinto kwehlisa ukusebenza kahle. Kunoma yikuphi a umzimba ukushisa ukuze ikholomu igesi kufanele okungenani ube neminyaka engu-5.

isiphetho

Ngakho sibuyekeze nawe izinhlobo ezinkulu ukushisa. Ngaphandle ukunakwa babe zilwane ezifana kozhuhoplastinchatye. Ngomqondo onabile, abazi kakhulu zehluke ipuleti classical noma finned. Kodwa ngokuvamile kungenzeka ukuthola somlilo okugeza ne umzimba ukushisa kokuba bezinhlamvu. Nokho, isici esiyinhloko ukuthi imishini linamandla okushisa aphakeme nezingcindezi ukusebenza. Kulokhu-ke kungenzeka izindlu esakhiwe ngezinto ezifana titanium, insimbi engagqwali noma i-carbon steel. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi somlilo okugeza nge ukushisa kozhuhoplastinchatym ezilungisiwe kahle ngu pair noma condensate, okuyinto ngokungangabazeki inzuzo enkulu. Ngomqondo onabile, kungenzeka ukuqedela indaba, ngoba manje oyaziyo kwabebhange ukushisa yikho konke okudingayo.