IGreat Wall yaseChina: amaqiniso athakazelisayo nomlando ukwakhiwa

Namuhla siyakuya China. IGreat Wall yaseChina - ukwakhiwa okuzokwenziwa okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko. Ngo-1987, yena kwahlanganiswa ikhathalogu World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.

IGreat Wall yaseChina, amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo obaziyo ngokushesha kakhulu, kuyinto lesikhumbuzo ezinkulu of China lasendulo, uphawu yayo. Ibizwa ngokuthi "isimangaliso sesishiyagalombili somhlaba." imisebenzi ukuzivikela omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni iyona iGreat Wall yaseChina. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo ke namuhla baningi. Lokhu wobuciko yezakhiwo uyazifihla eziningi eziyimfihlakalo. He is impikiswano enkulu abacwaningi ahlukahlukene.

Ubude iGreat Wall yaseChina ingakamiswa esungulwe ncamashi. It is kuphela eyaziwa ukuthi ayesuka ekubeni e Gansu Jiayuguan ukuze Yellow Sea (Liaotung bay).

Ubude, ububanzi nobude odongeni

Izakhiwo ubude oda ayizinkulungwane 4 km, ngokuvumelana nenye -.. Ezingaphezu kuka 6 ayizinkulungwane km. 2450 km - ubude umugqa oqondile ungenisa phakathi nesikhathi sokuphela amaphuzu ayo. Nokho, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi udonga ingahambi kuphi kwesokudla: ke uzimisele, ke kuvela. Ubude iGreat Wall yaseChina, ngakho-ke, kumele okungenani ibe 6 ayizinkulungwane. Km, futhi mhlawumbe ngaphezulu. Ukuphakama izakhiwo ivuliwe isilinganiso 6-7 amamitha, ukufinyelela kwezinye izindawo 10 metres. Ububanzi - 6 amamitha, okungukuthi ku-odongeni ilandelana angaya abantu 5, buthule kuzodlula ngisho imoto encane. Kusukela ngaphandle, ezinhlangothini zalo zenziwa izitini esikhulu "kwamazinyo". Udonga kwangaphakathi ivikela ukuphakama Isivimbo 90 cm. Ngaphambilini kuwo namadreni enziwa izingxenye alinganayo.

Ukuqala ukwakhiwa

I Great Wall of China seluqaliwe phakathi nokubusa Qin Shi Huang. Wabusa ezweni kusukela kwabaneminyaka engamashumi 246 kuya 210. BC. e. Igama umdali esihlanganisiwe isimo Chinese - uMbusi abadumile - kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa umlando ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo njengoba iGreat Wall yaseChina. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo Kuhlanganisani nganekwane, owawuthi kwanqunywa ukwakha ngemva imihlola enkantolo omunye wabikezela (futhi isibikezelo lifezekile ngemva kweminyaka eminingi!) Lokho ezweni uzobhubhisa bakhona ababevela enyakatho. Ukuze uvikele embusweni ayimizulane ka Qin, umbusi wayala ukuba kwakhiwe izinqaba, engakaze ibonwe esikalini. Bona kamuva yaphenduka isakhiwo enkulu efana iGreat Wall yaseChina.

Ubufakazi busikisela ukuthi ababusi principalities ezihlukahlukene kwakumelwe e enyakatho yeChina, akha udonga efanayo kanye nemikhawulo yalo ngaphambi kwenkathi wokubusa Qin Shi Huang. Ngesikhathi ukubusa kwakhe ngesibindi esihlalweni ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 2. Km ubude ingqikithi kushaft. UMbusi ekuqaleni kwasicinisa wazihlanganisa. Ngakho kwamiswa ohlanganisiwe Great Wall of China. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo ukwakhiwa yayo, kodwa, akugcini lapho.

Ubani owakhela amaKhaladi odongeni?

Lezi nezinqaba ezakhiwa ngesikhathi angabanjwa. Kwathiwa eyakhelwe zesikhashana Emakamu empi ngoba izulazula futhi ikhanda emsebenzini, imibhoshongo yabalindi. "Ubani owakhela amaKhaladi le iGreat Wall yaseChina?" - You buza. Amakhulu ezinkulungwane izigqila, iziboshwa zempi futhi izigebengu babanjwa ngoba ukwakhiwa yayo. Lapho abasebenzi Bezingekho, naye waqala ngekonga abalimi. UMbusi Shihuandi ngokuvumelana enye inganekwane, wayala umhlatshelo imimoya. Yayala ukuba odongeni kuze odongeni kwakhiwa kwesigidi abantu. Akukona uqinisekise idatha okutheni, nakuba amathuna ngabanye etholakale izisekelo kwemibhoshongo nezinqaba. Akukacaci kuze kube manje, ukuthi bayizisulu zokuphathwa isiko, noma ngendlela nje wangcwatshwa abasebenzi babo abafile eyakha iGreat Wall yaseChina.

Kokuphothulwa

Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokufa Shi Huang kuphelile ukwakhiwa kodonga. Ngokusho ososayensi, imbangela phansi yezwe nenhlokomo ezalandela ukufa le nkosi, laba izindleko omkhulu ukuze kwakhiwe izinqaba. Ngokusebenzisa nasezingoxini ezijulile, izigodi, izingwadule, kuhlanganise nemizi yonkana China welula we-Great Wall, okwenza isimo inqaba cishe ungenakunqotshwa.

Avikelayo odongeni umsebenzi

Abaningi ngokuthi kamuva ukwakhiwa lutho kuye, kusukela amasosha ngeke uthole ukuvikela udonga olude kangako. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi wawusebenza ukuze awuvikele abakhwele amahhashi ukukhanya zezizwe ezahlukene ayimizulane. Emazweni amaningi eziye zasetshenziselwa ukulwa asemaqeleni izakhiwo efanayo. Isibonelo, lakhiwa amaRoma Trajanov kushaft ekhulwini 2nd, kanye Wall yeNyoka, elamiswa eningizimu ye-Ukraine e kwekhulu lesi-4. Amaqembu amakhulu abagibele amahhashi eyasehlula odongeni njengoba adingekayo ukudlula mabutho ukuze ifohle noma ukubhubhisa icebo elikhulu. Futhi kwakungelula ukwenza ngaphandle amathuluzi ezikhethekile. UGenghis Khan ekhulwini le-13 wakwazi ukwenza lokhu ngosizo onjiniyela lwebutho Chzhudrdzhey, imibuso yanqoba, kanye elihamba sendawo in inqwaba.

Kanjani amakhosi ezahlukene anakekela odongeni

Mayelana ekulondolozweni iGreat Wall yaseChina wanakekela bonke ababusi okwalandela. amakhosi amabili kuphela yenza okwehlukile. Lokhu Yuan, amaMongol lwamakhosi kanye Manchurian Qing (okokugcina zazo sizoxoxa kamuva). Bona elawulwa emazweni elise kuya enyakatho odongeni, ngakho akazange uludinga. nezikhathi ezahlukene emlandweni asazile izakhiwo. Kwake kwaba nesikhathi lapho amakhanda, ngiwuqapha, abangu ukubuthwa izigebengu bathethelelwe. Umbhoshongo, etholakala kwi ithala iGolden oDongeni 1345 waba ehlotshiswe bas-imifanekiso esibonisa onogada Buddhist.

Ngemva kokuba enqotshwa Yuan Dynasty, phakathi nokubusa okulandelayo (min) e 1368-1644 yaba iminyaka umsebenzi ukuqinisa izindonga kanye nokugcina izinqaba zisesimweni esihle. Beijing, inhloko-dolobha entsha China, kwaba amakhilomitha 70 kuphela, futhi ukulondeka kwawo kwakuxhomeke izindonga njengoba yayinjalo.

Phakathi nokubusa le Tang Dynasty njengabaphuma phezu kombhoshongo iwashi, ukubukela endaweni ezungezile, futhi uma kudingeka, i-alamu kwabangela, yasetshenziswa abesifazane. Lokhu oshukunyiswa yokuthi basonta imisebenzi sokuthembeka kanye sezilalela ngokwengeziwe. Kukhona nganekwane owawuthi imilenze uyonquma Warden ngeshwa ukuze abakwazanga ngaphandle umyalo ukuba asule esikhundleni.

Folk isiko

Siyaqhubeka ukudalula sihloko: "The Great Wall of China:. Amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo" Photo odongeni elise ngezansi kuzokusiza ukwethula ngobukhulu bawo.

Mayelana nobunzima esabekayo okwakhuthazelelwa abakhi kwalesi sakhiwo, itshela yetinsita ethandwa. Owesifazane ogama lakhe lalingu-Meng Jiang, wafika lapha esifundazweni ezikude ukuletha izingubo ezifudumele kumyeni wakhe. Nokho, ukufinyelela odongeni, ethola ukuthi umyeni wakhe wayeshone. Owesifazane ayikwazanga ukuthola isidumbu sakhe. Walala phansi eduze udonga futhi bamkhalela izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngisho amatshe wathinta abesifazane entabeni: omunye izigaba zigoqiwe we-Great Wall, wavula amadayisi Meng Jiang umyeni. Owesifazane eyenziwa izinsalela unkosikazi emuva ekhaya, awembela emathuneni umndeni.

Invasion kanye nomsebenzi "namaqaba 'sokubuyiselwa

Udonga ingagciniwe kulezi zinyanga emikhulu ayehlasela "ngowezizwe". Ugumbuqelwe Izicukuthwane, belwa izihlubuki, emelela ukunyakaza "Yellow Nomshuqulo", ake izizwe eziningi Manchurian kuleli zwe. Abaholi babo baye basizakala amandla. Zasungula lwamakhosi entsha e China - Qin. Great Wall kusukela manje elahlekile okukushoyo ukuzivikela. Ekugcineni yawela labhidlika. Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye umsebenzi 1949 sokubuyiselwa waqala. Isinqumo labaseminyakeni yabo yokutholwa Mao Tszedun. Kodwa ngokuhamba ezenzeka kusukela ngo-1966 kuya ku-1976, i- "Cultural Revolution", "Onogada abomvu" (Red Guards), angikuboni ukubaluleka izakhiwo zasendulo, thina enquma ukubhubhisa ezinye izingxenye odongeni. Wabheka, ngokuvumelana ofakazi, sengathi wayedalulwe lokushaya lesitha.

Kuthunyelwe lapha manje hhayi kuphela izisebenzi ezazisebenza kanzima noma amasosha. Udaba udumo, kanye nendlela yokukhuthaza eqinile umsebenzi kubantu abasha abaqhamuka emindenini yizicukuthwane waqala inkonzo obondeni. Amagama nomuntu okwenye kuso, akakwazi ngokuthi omunye okuhle, nina eningabantu yaphenduka esithi Mao Tszedun, babé nesifenqo entsha ke.

IGreat Wall yaseChina namuhla

Ngaphandle kokukhuluma iGreat Wall yaseChina ayenzi iyiphi incazelo China. Abantu bendawo bathi indaba yakhe - kube nenxenye izindaba ezweni lonke, okungakwazi ongaqondwa ngaphandle ngokuvakashela isakhiwo. Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi kuzo zonke izinto eyayisetshenziswa ngesikhathi Ming lwamakhosi ukwakhiwa yayo, udonga kungenziwa eligoqiwe, okuphakama kwawo 5 amamitha, kanye ukushuba - 1 imitha. Kuyinto ngokwanele ukuba azungeze wonke umhlaba.

IGreat Wall yaseChina inkazimulo akutholakali. Lesi sakhiwo wavakashela yizigidi izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba. isikali yayo futhi ebatshazwa kakhulu namuhla. Wonke umuntu esizeni ungakwazi ukuthenga isitifiketi, okuyinto ithi ngokuvakashela odongeni. iziphathimandla zaseChina ziye ubulapha ngisho nciphisa ukufinyelela ukuqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kangcono lokhu lesikhumbuzo elikhulu.

ukuthi udonga iyabonakala kusukela isikhala?

Kwaphela isikhathi eside, kwakunenkolelo yokuthi kuba isesihlalweni isikhala into eyenziwe umuntu kuphela. Nokho, lo mbono esanda ngawo atholakala engenabufakazi. Yang Li Wen, astronaut lokuqala Chinese, wavuma nokudabuka ukuthi wayengeke akwazi ukubashumayeza nisibone lesi sakhiwo omkhulukazi, kungakhathaliseki wazama kanjani kanzima. Mhlawumbe kungcono yokuthi ngesikhathi ngowokuqala isikhala emoyeni izindiza phezu North China kwaba ihlanzeke kakhulu, ngakho kwabonakala ngaphambi iGreat Wall yaseChina. History of the amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngakho - konke lihlotshaniswa izindaba eziningi nama-legends, okuyinto namuhla ozuza leli bhuloho elihle.