Uyazi igama lowesifazane wokuqala ukuba ahambe emkhathini?

Umlando wenkathi yesikhala ungaphansi kwekhulu. Kodwa ngalesi sikhathi kwakukhona izenzakalo eziningi ezibalulekile. Futhi ngaphambi kwethu, ngokungangabazeki, sisalinde ukutholakala okukhulu nezindiza ze-interplanetary. Kodwa eminyakeni eyikhulu abantu bazokhumbuza igama lomuntu wokuqala owabaleka emhlabeni jikelele, negama lomfazi wokuqala ukuba ahambe emkhathini.

Izinyathelo zokuqala

U-Valentina Tereshkova wazalwa emndenini ohlala ezweni laseByelorussia ngoMashi 6, 1937. Indawo azalwa ngayo yilapho iBmMlenlennikovo, esesifundazweni saseJaroslavl. Izintandane zakudala, njengoba uyise efa empini yeSoviet-Finnish. Futhi unina onabantwana abathathu kwadingeka athuthele esikhungweni sesifunda. Lapho, u-Valentina waphumelela esikoleni seminyaka eyisikhombisa, bese esikoleni sasebusuku. Wathola umsebenzi etsheni laseYaroslavl isondo - isongo. Wabe esebenza iminyaka eminingana ekuhlanganiseni kwendawo njengendlela ye-weaver. Le ntombazane ayizange imshiye izifundo zayo futhi yaqala ukutadisha ngokungabikho esikoleni sobuchwepheshe bokukhanya. Ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula, wayethanda i-parachuting.

Ithuba lokungaphuthelwa

Futhi konke kwakuyoqhubeka njengenjwayelo, kodwa kwenzeke ukuthi uSergey Korolev wanquma ukuthumela owesifazane endaweni. Ukusesha kwabaqashiwe kwaqala. Izindlela ezilandelayo zashiwo: ukukhula - okungaphezu kwamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalombili cm, isisindo - okungaphezu kwama-70 kg, futhi ngesikhathi seminyaka yokuqala yowesifazane-cosmonaut akufanele kube mdala kuneminyaka engama-30. Kubonakala sengathi abaphikisana nolwandle. Kodwa kwakukhona omunye umgomo obalulekile: i-parachuting. Ngenxa yalokho, umncintiswano uThereshkova wayengaphansi kweshumi nambili.

Umgwaqo oya esikhala

Wonke amantombazane abamba iqhaza ekukhethweni ayebizwa ukuba asebenze ngokuphuthumayo. Futhi ngo-1962, ukulungiswa okukhulu kwezindiza kwaqala. Ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kwenziwa ukukhuthazela kwezinto eziphilayo.

Le ntombazane ivaliwe izinsuku eziningana esitokisini esiseduze, evezwe izinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Ngokuvamile abanqobile bekusasa bezulu baphoqeleka ukuba bagxume ngeparachute. U-Valentina wadlulisa izivivinyo ngokuhlukana futhi waba yi-cosmonaut yeStachment 1.

"Thatha inqola yakho, isibhakabhaka!"

Bathi uThereshkova ukhethwe ngokuyinhloko ngezizathu zezombangazwe. Bathi, kusukela ebusheni bezisebenzi nabalimi, ubaba wakhe wafa empini. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakunjani, izazi ezilandele ukhetho zithi ziqale kangcono kunezinye izimonyo zesilisa. Ibinzana lakhe elidumile, lathi ngesikhathi sokuqaliswa: "Hey! Isibhakabhaka! Susa ikhanda lakho! "- Kusho ukuthi ngokomzwelo intombazane yayinhle.

Uhambo lukaTereshkova lwaba izinsuku ezimbili namashumi amabili nambili nemizuzu engamashumi ayisihlanu. Akukwazi ukusho ukuthi lolu hambo lunikezwe owesifazane wokuqala wesifazane cosmonaut kalula. Wangena e-orbit ku-spacecraft ye-Vostok-6. U-Tereshkova waba yi-cosmonaut yeshumi emlandweni wezindiza ngokujwayelekile kanye nesithupha kusukela eSoviet Union. Futhi, endleleni, ngaleso sikhathi wayesemncane kunoma iyiphi i-astronaut yaseMelika cishe iminyaka eyishumi. Lapho ezwa ukuthi yamukelwa, u-astronaut uValentina Tereshkova usufihle kakade emndenini wakhe, futhi bafunda ngaye ngezindaba.

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, endizeni intombazane yayinzima kakhulu. Wayevame ukulahlekelwa ukuma kwakhe emkhathini. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokufakwa okungalungile kwemishini. Futhi uValentina ngokwakhe kwakudingeka enze izinguquko ezidingekayo. Ngesicelo seNdlovukazi, wayifihla iminyaka engamashumi amane. Phakathi nendiza umfazi wokuqala-cosmonaut wabhekana nezinkinga zempilo. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, lokhu akumangalisi, kusukela ngaphambi kokuqala kwezinkomba zakhe zomzimba kwakuyiqembu elibi kunazo zonke. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, uTereshkova wenza amashumi amane nesishiyagalombili egijimela emkhunjini wakhe. Wenza izithombe eziningi, okwakube usizo kakhulu ososayensi. Le ntombazane yayisemgodini wezindiza. Futhi uyazi yini owesifazane wokuqala ogijimela emkhathini, abathumeli nabaphathi bephrojekthi? Isibonakaliso sakhe socingo sasingu "Seagull".

U-Valentina Tereshkova wafika e-Altai Territory. Emva kokubanjwa kwephulwa umbuso: wabelane ngemingcele eyimfihlakalo yama-cosmonauts nabahlali bendawo, futhi wadla ukudla kwabo. Bathi ukuthi kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi indiza yowesifazane olandelayo engena esikhaleni yenzeke ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye.

Dumisani nodumo

Njengoba umklomelo we-flight Tereshkova wanikeza indawo yokuhlala eYaroslavl, lapho ahamba khona nonina nendodakazi emva komshado ongaphumeleli nomunye umklamo. Kuqinisekiswa ukuthi inyunyana ka-A. Nikolayev yayiyikhohlisi ekuqaleni. Futhi abaqalayo babeyizikhulu eziphezulu zeSoviet Union. Kodwa igama lowesifazane wokuqala ogijima emkhathini, oshadile, eqinisweni, angatshela. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, uTereshkova wathuthela eMoscow. Waba ngowesifazane wokuqala esesikhundleni sikaMaja-Jikelele, futhi isithombe sakhe sasivela kwenye yezinhlamvu zemali ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe.

UThereshkova wathola imiklomelo eminingi nemiklomelo hhayi ezweni lethu kuphela, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe. Ungu-Hero weSoviet Union. Ukuhlonishwa kwe- Order kaLenin, i- Revolution ka-Okthoba nabanye abaningi. Wathola iMidal Gold yezwe leZizwe Ezihlangene. UThereshkova waba isakhamuzi esihloniphekile emadolobheni amaningi. Ekuhloniphekeni kwakhe kuthiwa yi- crater on the moon. Yayiyini igama lowesifazane wokuqala owafika emkhathini, abaholi bezinye izinhlangano!

Imisebenzi yomphakathi

Ngemva kokuhamba kwakhe uValentina Vladimirovna wenza izinyawo eziningi kwamanye amazwe, lapho asakaza khona indlela yokuphila yaseSoviet. Waba isithombe sezigidi. U-Valentina wabonisa umhlaba isithombe somuntu waseSoviet.

U-Tereshkova wasebenza iminyaka eminingi ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi zaseSoviet naseRussia. Kwaphela iminyaka engu-19 ephethe iKomidi Labesifazane AbaseSoviet. U-Valentina Vladimirovna wayehlanganyele ebuhlotsheni bamasiko namazwe angaphandle. Kusukela ngo-1995, uhlala esihlalo somkhandlu, ohlanganisa imisebenzi yezikhungo zesayensi yaseRussia kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni. Iminyaka eminingi uTereshkova wayehola ubuholi be-International Women's Federation.

UValina Vladimirovna uhlanganyela emisebenzini yezombangazwe. Wasebenza njengephini lika- Supreme Soviet wase-USSR kusukela ngo-1966 kuya ku-1989. Wabamba iqhaza ekhethweni ku-State Duma weRussia Federation evela ephathini lethu lasekhaya laseRussia. Kusukela ngo-1998, uyilungu lebhodi lokuhlela lomagazini we-Polet.

Kusukela ngo-2008 kuya ku-2011 Wayengumengameli we-"United Kingdom Russia" i-Yaroslavl yesifunda saseDuma. Futhi kusukela ngo-2011 uTereshkova - ilungu lezindlu ezincane ze-Federal Assembly ye-Russian Federation. Uyingxenye yeqembu elikhuthaza amanani angamaKristu. Izenzo eziningi ezinhle zenziwa yiphini likaYaroslavl. Ngosizo lwakhe, yunivesithi yavulwa lapho, i-planarium kanye nesiteshi somfula lakhiwa. Usiza ekhaya labantwana bendawo, lapho afunde khona ngaphambili. Ngakho kungashiwo ukuthi uValentina Tereshkova uyaqhubeka nendiza yakhe enkulu.