I Valdai National Park: Incazelo

umhlaba Russian amumethe izindawo amahle kanye namathafa esiyingqayizivele. Mhlawumbe, futhi ukuphila akwanele ukubona yonke emehlweni abo. Lake-ehlathini eyinkimbinkimbi we Valdai Hills esindiswa yokuthi ekupheleni le Valdai National Park kwakuhlelwa ekhulwini XX lapha.

indaba

Yini eyingqayizivele ngakho kule ndawo? Kunezindlela eziningana elikhulu esikhumbuzo zamasiko nezomlando yesifunda Novgorod. Ezikhathini zasendulo, izizwe Slavic wahlala ensimini ka epaki. Isibalo zemivubukulo eziye zalondolozwa kule ndawo Yisimanga - ayisishiyagalombili nambili into! Lokhu isiphetho nokungcwatshwa ezindundumeni, amagquma nasemakhaya, kanye emanxiweni asendulo ezihlobene 7-6 eminyaka BC.

art Ingadi imelelwa ayisishiyagalolunye izikhumbuzo - Manors sakudala amapaki. Ungabona futhi 22 lesikhumbuzo esiyingqayizivele bokwakha sokhuni 17-19 eminyaka. Umakhi omkhulu kwekhulu nesikhombisa, NA Lions wadala endaweni Catherine Church. Namuhla inedlanzana Museum of History of Valdai. Selvitsky Island Lake Valdai kusuka 1653 iyikhaya Svyatoozerskaya Iver uNina kaNkulunkulu Monastery.

Ukhumbula Valdai National Park futhi izenzakalo zomlando abalulekile. cross Ignach iseduze Yazhelbitsy. Kulapha Batu waphenduka yempi yakhe, engakafiki Novgorod.

Geography kanye nencazelo

Lesi siqiwu itholakala ensimini ka Demyansk, Okulovskaya futhi Valdai esifundeni Novgorod esifundeni. Le ndawo ukuthi ithatha - engaphezu kwenkulungwane amakhilomitha square (ngokunembile - 1585).

I Valdai National Park has biospheric omkhulu futhi ukubaluleka semvelo. Lake-ihlathi namathafa eyayiwuphawu eyinhloko Europe, okuyinto akhiwa ngenxa glaciation Continental, sibonga ke avikelekile. Ice inamagquma moraine sendawo uvezwa yonke inkazimulo yayo. Isimo sezwe kubonakala inamagquma, bonke ngenxa yokuthi lapha kukhona umehluko omkhulu e eziphakathi kwezindawo lezi zinhlobonhlobo zezenzo ezingafanele ebusweni. Iphelelisane isithombe emathafeni ezizungezile, okuyinto sithuthukisa umphumela kuphela.

Valdai Hills kuyingxenye omkhulu endaweni echibini-inamagquma - Lake District. Zonke lezi zici ziyabhekelelwa ekuklanyweni into ezifana Valdai National Park. Incazelo kuye luyobe lungaphelele uma ungenawo ukubalula ukuthi uyagijima efana umdweshu kanye eksisi eyinhloko egqumeni esisuka 100 km kusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu ingxenye. Kulokhu, sifaka echibini iqembu elikhulu, lathumba enyakatho Lake Seliger, kanye cishe 200 amadamu amancane. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kubo - Lake Valdai, esiqhingini osuvele wabhekisela Isigodlo, futhi Vella futhi Borovno (abaziqhayisa amabhishi olunothile futhi Pleso ebanzi).

Izoni ekhethekile ithatha cishe ingxenye yesine yabantu endaweni Valdai epaki. Kulapha, emfuleni Polomet River, baqhuba izifundo izinqubo siteshi. Abakutholile amelela neqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ososayensi Russian izinto eziyisisekelo ngemvelo futhi isayensi amanzi.

Flora

flora Rich has Valdai National Park. insimu yalo Ingabizwa kufanele ngokuthi izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezindaweni eziseMpumalanga Yurophu. izitshalo Ephakeme ethulwa lapha 750 izinhlobo. Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu wukuthi kukhona izinyoni ezingavamile - 79! Phakathi kwabo iqokomisa ezinye orchid, kanye nabamele flora, le Locus zazo - amachibi Glacial. Eleven nezitshalo ezisohlwini Red Book of Russia.

yizinkulungwane eziyishumi nanhlanu kuphela amahektha sanikelwa emathafeni. Izimila siqukethe ezihlukahlukene emahlathini: sonwele zikaphayini kanye birch. Northern oki ngomlotha, hazel, utshani futhi ngezinye izikhathi zenzeka. Ngaphansi ihlathi labelwe amaphesenti angu-86 endaweni ngokuphelele. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izitshalo bok amelwa 57 zilwane, zazo isiko - 15, kanye zasendle - 42.

nezilwane

Valdai National Park (Russia) baba ndawo ngoba 45 kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi, 180 zezinyoni kanye 50 zezilwane ezincelisayo. Kulezi zinhlobo 32 zezinyoni - ezifudukayo, isidleke abanye ngokushesha. Abaningi babo mancane noma ezingavamile:

- Bittern;

- Common Merganser;

- Curlew;

- grey crane;

- Indwandwe empunga.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Russian Red Incwadi kuhlanganisiwe ukhozi, inyoka ukhozi, isikhova ukhozi, nonogolantethe omnyama abanye.

Uma sikhuluma ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo umhlaba, isisekelo sawo sifana nebhere, Izimbila, marten, impungushe, ama-lynx, izingulube zasendle, amaphiva, nonogwaja nezilwane kokuchitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe e-amanzi: Otter, umfula Otter, amanzi vole, mink. Ziningi ezahlukene izinhlobo amadada. On lonke endaweni Valdai epaki uhlalwe nezimpisi. Ponds ocebile izinhlanzi: carp, whitefish, Pike, burbot, bream, Pike-perch, perch, roach, isiphika, njll izakhamizi amanzi Ubude lapha kukhona 40 zinhlobo, kuhlanganise ezingavamile: isifula trout, isifula lamprey, bullhead futhi Grayling European.

Isimo sezulu

Le ndawo eyodwa lapho Valdai National Park elinesimo sezulu esipholile. Lezi izimo abe nomthelela omuhle ukwehluka yezitshalo nezilwane imihlaba.

Amazinga isilinganiso lwenyanga enomoya ka -10 degrees Celsius, wawushisa kunayo yonke eyaziwayo - +16. avareji yonyaka - 3 degrees Celsius. Isithwathwa ihlanganisa indawo Valdaisky epaki izinsuku 140, ukuphakama esembozweni sawo ongafinyelela 45 cm Isikhathi ungqoqwane -. Izinsuku 128.

"Valdai" shintsha okusheshayo sezulu elinesimo esiqiwini. I Valdai (Russian) Imimoya evamise waphawula zaseningizimu, entshonalanga naseningizimu-ntshonalanga.

ezokuvakasha

Ukuze uthole epaki Kulula kakhulu emadolobheni amakhulu Russian - Petersburg naseMoscow. Yingakho-ke likhona uhlu avakashelwa njalo. I Valdai National Park - siyindawo imibuthano izivakashi, lapha izinkamba yezingane, njll

kwezimo ezinhle ziye zabangelwa kwezivakashi. Ngaso sonke isikhathi elinde eziningi isivakashi izindlu. Ngamunye amasayithi 80 izivakashi angazamukela esuka kubantu abane ukuba nekhulu. Ukuze kube lula izivakashi - iqoqo ubuncane ihlathi ifenisha ebandakanya kumathebula canopies. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma udoti emigqonyeni, izindlu zangasese kanye isikhala sokuba ukuthungela imililo. At ngamunye indawo enjalo, ungathola i ukuma ulwazi, lapho amakheli okuxhumana kanye nemithetho yokuziphatha kuleli paki.