Zverinetsky Monastery, Kiev: ikheli, isithombe nomlando

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo inhloko-dolobha yase-Ukraine, ezazidume ngokutshala amasonto alo zezindela, edonsa-pilgrim abavela kulo lonke elase. Abaningi bathi idolobha, okuyinto "okubonakala ngomunwe kaNkulunkulu" futhi ngokoqobo eligcwele umoya wobuKristu, indoda kuletha umqondo ngokuvumelana nokuthula. domes Golden amasonto Kiev sika eziningi ukuheha amehlo, izivakashi kumangaza futhi bewitching namafomu yezakhiwo izakhiwo eziningi zenkolo manje ukunikeza injabulo yobuhle.

Emlandweni edolobheni endaweni ekhethekile kuhlala ababhishobhi ezifana edumile emhlabeni wonke, njengoba Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, Isigodlo wokuqala ongumKristu iRussia Saint UZandile Cathedral. The Ensemble yezakhiwo ngowokuqala ezivakashini nge lisebukhazikhazini balo, futhi owesibili ungabona eqoshiwe esiyingqayizivele zangekhulu nanye. Bobabili Cathedral kubhekwa eziyiNgcebo Yomhlaba ngo-UNESCO. Kiev ubizwa nangokuthi "iJerusalema bezwe Russian." Kunzima ukudlulisela ejulile obuzwiwa Orthodox, nabo ezindaweni ezingcwele omuzi wasendulo. Kodwa hhayi kuphela Kiev-Pechersk Lavra noSt UZandile Cathedral idume inhloko-dolobha yase-Ukraine, futhi kanye kanye Kievan Rus. Ziningi ezinye amathempeli ngokulinganayo ezithakazelisayo futhi amasonto ukuthi kufanele ubone noma ubani nje oza lapha. Futhi omunye wabo Zverinetsky sezindela eKiev.

Ukuthola lapho

Labo abanquma bebodwa ukuhlola lesi ukukhangana, ukuba eze kuye kusukela Michurina emgwaqweni - ezigabeni 20 kanye 22. Ngemva edabula esangweni, uzodinga ifike umnyango metal. Emnyango esigodlweni sezindela Zverinetsky kufanele ushayele bese ulinda umqhubi. Ungathola futhi ngokusebenzisa Botanical Garden, njengoba ayefike ngesikhathi ibhasi noma amabhasi 14 № № 62 futhi kusukela ukubaluleka 62K "Umgede" metro station. Yehla udinga ukumisa "emgwaqweni Bolsunivskogo". Uma uya nge ngesitimela, kudingeka uthole off at the "Ubungane Abantu" esiteshini. Kusukela yakhe Zverinetsky wezindela Kiev ekhelini: emgwaqweni Michurina 20-22, engafinyelelwa ngezinyawo imizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu nje.

Ukuze ukunakwa amaqembu pilgrim uyeza ngebhasi edude yokugibela ethempelini waphendukela izimoto nge obuphelele mkhulu kunezinhliziyo ayisishiyagalolunye amamitha kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke kungcono park endaweni ethile emgwaqweni Strutinskii, kuze emgwaqeni. Michurina, ukuhamba complex emhumeni.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

sezindela Zverinetsky ekhatsi Kiev Itholakala eponymous wesifunda zomlando yenhloko-dolobha Ukraine. Ubizwa ebhalwe ohlwini esikhumbuzo bemivubukulo obalulekile esizweni yezwe. Zverinetsky emhumeni sezindela inomlando eyinkulungwane. Kwakuthukusiwe emihumeni isendaweni ibhange kwesokudla eMfuleni Dnieper. Ukuba khona kwalesi abode emangalisayo futhi eyingqayizivele lwesintu wafunda cishe isigamu eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule. Nokho, mangisho ukuthi izimfihlo efihla lasendulo Zverinetsky sezindela ekhatsi Kiev, asikwazanga ukuxazulula kuze kube manje.

Ukukhuluma Iqiniso lokuthi le ndawo is abode ongcwele, ososayensi bathole emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke egcekeni Red, ekhaya ukuze indodana Yaroslav Mudrogo Vsevolod. Igama elithi "I Menagerie," njengoba izazi-mlando zikholelwa, lihlotshaniswa ehlathini, lapho isikhulu beyifuna. Futhi zazi ukuthi esikhathini iminyaka 1096-1097 ezitholakala kule nkathi yethu ngenxa imihambuma ezinye sezindela labhujiswa lapha. Ukwahlulela nge ezitholakala amaseli komhlaba amathambo womuntu, futhi izindela kanye nezakhamuzi zendawo ngesikhathi ekuhlaseleni amaMongol-AmaTatar zazifihliwe emihumeni komhlaba, lapho ngokuvamile atholakala ehlasela, ibiyelwe kuze uyaphila.

Okukhulu kakhulu futhi ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili wakhonza njengephayona isiphephelo. Lokhu kufakazelwa abavubukuli bathola umbhalo odongeni, eyabhalwa ngonyaka 1941. Okwamanje, ngokusebenzisa ukuvuselelwa lezindela okufanayo negama emihumeni lapha esebenza obschezhitny sezindela Zverinetsky besilisa. It yasungulwa ngo 2009. Kuyo kukhona izindela eziyisikhombisa, izindela ezinhlanu futhi izimfundamakhwela ziyaye ezimbili.

indaba

Ngo-1888, kwelinye iphephandaba Ukrainian umyalezo esishoyo ukuthi weshumi nambili ka-Okthoba ngawo lowo nyaka, lapho kwavulwa emhumeni elise eduze Holy Trinity Monastery ezu. Kwenzeka ngengozi. OFakazi, ngokuvumelana remembrancers, watshelwa ukuthi kwakukhona yokushaywa okungazelelwe, bese ivula umnyango womhume. Isivakashi ube ngowokuqala ukuhlatshwa sezindela ayesanda kuluthola uTheodosius Matvienko. Lona wesifazane zenzisa wahlala eduze nale ndawo. Ukuze izikhathi zakhe eziningi ephusheni kwafika umbono: ezihambayo komunye umkhawulo rainbow waphumula ngokunembile endaweni lapho kwasungulwa khona ukwehluleka babehlezi emuva emhumeni.

Njengoba yayazi wokuvula, lo uTheodosius lokuqala wehlela phansi. Ukuhluleka wabona izinsalela eziningi abantu. Ezinye zazo bangcwatshwa niches ekhethekile, kanti bonke abanye bagcwele wonke kanye isikhala emhumeni, futhi ezihlukahlukene izikhundla - ngokusobala, njengoba bathola ukufa. UTheodosius ebuzwa izindela of Holy Trinity Church, ukuze bakhonza inkonzo yesikhumbuzo imiphefumulo yabantu, iyithola pochivshimi ayesanda kuluthola emhumeni. Ngemva kokulalela indaba yakhe, isibusiso izindela ka wezindela umdala, Archimandrite Iona wehlela ukuzihlolela emhumeni.

It, kanye izinsalela eziningi abantu, bathola izinsalela izembatho, kweqa, Paramali, lesikhumba amabhande cassocks, izinto zesonto futhi izitsha. Zonke le miphumela ibonisa ukuthi ukwehluleka is ayitholiwe yokungcwaba abantu ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi omunye lasendulo emhumeni zezindela, sekuyisikhathi eside okuyinto kube idume edolobheni Kiev.

ukutholakala emangalisayo

Kuyinto umfanekiso esiyingqayizivele isiphambano watholakala, ngokuthi "Zverinetsky". Ngesimo, ke kuyafana isithombe kwendikimba zomzimba womuntu, ngoba ngaphezu kokujwayelekile kithi kumila imigqa emibili ewela, it has futhi ... "imilenze" ezimbili.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside, kwaze kwaba ngo-1912, Zverinetsky sezindela ayikwazanga ukuhlola. Iqiniso liwukuthi lapho insimu yalo kwaba anawo umnyango wezikhali ngesikhathi, ngakho imali izifundo zakhe akazange abelwe. Sibe ukuthola ube ngumsizi wabaningi ababengathintani ayethanda ngezimali ucwaningo. Futhi ngenhlanhla, okunjalo kutholakala. Kwatholakala Prince uVladimir Zhevakhov. Wathenga umhlaba phezu flop, ngikutholile edolobheni umkhandlu imvume umbe nasemihumeni.

Ngo-1912, waqala umsebenzi. Bekabadosa ilungu umphakathi sokuvikelwa esikhumbuzo Kiev Alexander Ertel. Zhevakhov yena kuphela wabukela umsebenzi kanye ngezimali.

Ngenkathi yamaSoviet

Cishe ngokuphazima kweso, emhumeni waba nendawo uhambo oluya endaweni. Inani elikhulu labantu kubutsela emnyango kubo abafisa ukuya sezindela sasendulo Zverinetsky. Uhlelo imisebenzi kwadingeka ukuba njalo bashintshe njengomphumela ukugeleza pilgrim uvinjelwe abacwaningi ukusebenza. Abantu beza lapha ngemva kwesifundo, kuze namathathu banesifo esibi. ama-pilgrim wayeka lapha kuphela emva kokunqotshwa futhi waqala ukushushiswa amandla Soviet. Ngo-1933 wabulawa yi-wesigodlo ka wezindela Archimandrite Filaret, futhi ngo-1934 savalwa futhi Zverinetsky Isigodlo, nendlu yakhe yasha. Ukufinyelela emhumeni isivuliwe kuphela ngemva nineties kwekhulu elidlule.

Ukuvuselelwa Isigodlo

Ngo-1993, lapho ochwepheshe bahlola izinsalela ezitholakala emihumeni, bafika esiphethweni sokuthi yokugcina basonta kwetshumi yeshumi nambili namakhulu eminyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwatholakala ukuthi bonke labo bantu izinsalela abangu ihlaziye, wahlupheka ngesikhathi esaphila izifo ezifana ezithinta umzimba womuntu kusuka kokuhlala isikhathi eside izimo ezibandayo manzi kuwo. Lokhu kwaba ubufakazi obengeziwe bokuthi iNdodana izindela afihle. Ngo-1997, lapho elulama lezindela kukaJesu the Virgin, futhi ngo-2009 - ngesisekelo Uyingelosi Enkulu UMikayeli Zverinetsky yakhe ephathelene nokuphatha izindela yasungulwa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi uye aphethwe njalo yokukhulekela. Akekho umuntu ongawenzi waya emhumeni, yebo, kufanele uvakashele Zverinetsky sezindela. Luhlelo amasevisi zingatholakala ethempelini, noma ukubheka indawo esemthethweni ethempelini.

uyathola esiyingqayizivele

Uma usule zemibukiso komhlaba ngaphakathi kwesinye sezitokisi wathola nomsayipuresi lasendulo scapular of Our Lady. Kungenzeka ukuthi isithonjana kwakungekaNkulunkulu Metropolitan owanikhuphula kusukela Korsun Prince uVladimir ka Rus Ubhapathizo. Ososayensi bazi ukuthi wayengumuntu yaseSiriya. Metropolitan Michael Kiev wabhapathizwa, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi nguye eyasungulwa Zverinetsky sezindela eKiev. Izithombe eziye zenziwa-mlando lapho bemba ibonisa ukuthi lokhu sezindela emhumeni wase wonakele noma Polovtsy noma AmaTatar. Abaningi la mathambo ilungelo emnyango emihumeni nasemigodini ku aisles. Ngokusobala, laba bahlaseli, ithemba elahlekile, umane nje uhlezi yasigcwalisa.

Revival ebandla aqala ngokushesha nje ngemva kwempi. Caves Uthole isimo Museum of Archaeology. Ngo nineties ngasekupheleni kwekhulu elidlule, izindela we Isigodlo St uJona uqalisiwe yokukhulekela labetibambile ethempelini emhumeni, okungukufa Zverinetsky sezindela eKiev. Izithombe isithombe ngokuyisimangaliso igama elifanayo ezitholakala emhumeni, sathathwa ngo kwenye yezincwadi. Lokhu iphephandaba uwile ezandleni umpristi kwelinye lala madolobhana etholakala eduze Kiev. Nge ukumangala okukhulu kuyise ngafunda ukuthi isithonjana ngaphambi kwalokho nsuku hlabelela umthandazo kuNkulunkulu. Ngo-2000, isithombe ngokuyisimangaliso waphindiselwa zintathu Isonto St uJona Monastery.

Zverinetsky Monastery isheduli amasevisi

Kusukela esikhathini eside esidlule, kwathiwa bazitshela ukuthi indawo lapho ebhalwini Zverinetsky ingenye amaphuzu engcwele kakhulu Ukraine neRussia. Futhi naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukwakhiwa umhlaba Svyatomihaylovskogo noma Vydubytsky uyithempeli likaMoya abafowethu bagoduka amaseli wabo komhlaba, futhi yena sezindela komhlaba labhujiswa Tatar-Mongol abahlaseli bekhohlakele eminyakeni ecishe ibe ngu namakhulu ayisishiyagalombili, namuhla bayaqhubeka ukuheha zezihambeli ezaziya ukuza lapha abavela kulo lonke elase ezweni lethu elikhulu. Umlando wabo futhi imfihlakalo yabo Amazing beckons emangalisayo Zverinetsky sezindela eKiev.

Luhlelo yamasevisi Waphezulu labetibambile ngaphakathi kwezindonga yesigodlo, ungabona esizeni esemthethweni wethempeli. NgamaSonto at 7.15 futhi ngezinsuku zeviki at 6,30 am labetibambile lapha Midnight. Ngu Small Compline kudingeka ukuza 17.00. Thanksgiving izimfundiso labetibambile ethempelini emhumeni ngeMigqibelo at 7,00 ekuseni. NgamaSonto, ngesikhathi esifanayo ukukhonza ukuhlwa Akathist kuya Arhangelu Mihailu.

Zverinetsky (Uyingelosi Enkulu UMikayeli) sezindela namuhla eziyinkimbinkimbi omkhulu. On insimu yalo usebenze emhumeni isonto, abazinikele e egameni Miracle Arhangela Mihaila, futhi lombhishobhi ngasesangweni lethempeli uNina kaNkulunkulu. Amasevisi agcinwe kule ngenhla phansi kuthi laba abangaphansi komhlaba izikhala, okuyizinto ingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi sezindela Zverinetsky. Luhlelo amasevisi, kanye uhlu ngamaholide enkolo zingatholakala ku-website yakhe.

amathempelana

sezindela Zverinetsky sidilizwa ababephila ngesikhathi Kuyathakazelisa hhayi kuphela umlando waso emangalisayo. Kukhona izinsalela eziningi engcwele. Phakathi imifanekiso kubo iziqu, umfanekiso uNina kaNkulunkulu "Zverinetsky", "Intokozo Yabantu Bonke Ubani Nosizi", "Quick Mawuzwe". Nazi izinsalela nobaba ongcwele Zverynets.

Ulwazi izivakashi

imigede Zverinetsky komhlaba akhiwa ezintathu zemibukiso Imigwaqo: altare, umngcwabo (amathuna Nameless) kanye indandatho (yokungcwaba unexamined). Amaseli, kanye iqembu Crypt ngokupheleleyo dibikeza amabhodi ukuphepha. Bona ukuvikela ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi. Izindonga kanye loculi emgwaqweni Funeral eminyakeni embalwa edlule savuka ngesitini. Kule ngxenye Imigudu komhlaba sake isisekelo sethempeli.

Ubude ingqikithi ezitaladini imayelana ziyikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu amamitha. Balondekile ngokuphelele izivakashi. Ohlangothini kwesokunxele altare ekupheleni mgwaqo kukhona loculi yokungcwaba, ungene ngemvume igama uTheodore okhubazekile, ilungelo yeseli Anidroniku cavers. Ithempeli ngaphezu kwe-altare is eliqoshwe itshe uhlu eziyisishiyagalombili abbots Zverynets: Leonty (umsunguli Isigodlo), Marcian, uMichael (kamuva Bishop of Tartu), Sophronia, Mines (kamuva uMbhishobhi Polotsk), Clement, uManuel, noLazaru.

Izivakashi ungathola uthintene kwansuku zonke izakhamuzi lelithempeli emhumeni lasendulo. Izindela wayelala kwelinye lalawo ubuso abandayo ewumngcingo, futhi imicamelo ngabo babe ubumba ukusebenza. Izakhamuzi kwadingeka idina etafuleni, okuyinto bushelelezi kwamanzi emihumeni. Buried izindela yabo nabo Zverinetsky nesizotha kakhulu: nje ufake ndoda kuleli zwe phakathi amapulangwe amabili, khona-ke yehlisa umzimba kuqala bese yesibili - eyesithathu. Yinqwaba kakade eseliphuphile ngesikhathi ithambo izingqimba okufakwe ngamathayi kubonakala ejele e emincane Umhubhe ngomshoshaphansi. Lapha kungabonwa nezitsha Ceramic kuyiphi ukulunguza skull womuntu. I niche sepulchral e okuyinto angcwaba wesigodlo Clement uthole isithonjana elincane lensimbi. It laligcwele koqweqwe lwawo white, okumele ukuvikela metal kusuka ukugqwala. Isithonjana uveza isithombe Virgin "Hodegetria". Ngemva kwalokho, abantu baye bathola ukuthi ngokuyisimangaliso nokuphulukiswa ezifweni. Lapha ungakwazi futhi ubone amandla Michael - Metropolitan, okuyinto, njengoba kuye kwashiwo faka umbhaphathizo Prince uVladimir ku Kievan Rus.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Kuthiwa Maecenas Zhevakhov, imali okuyinto olwenziwa kumbiwa, emva kwempi, ke ayecashe emihumeni Zverynets. Nokho, ngaleso sikhathi wabanjwa futhi wachitha izinyanga eziyisikhombisa ejele Kiev. Coming njengoba esephumile ejele, Zhevakhov baba indela, futhi ngo-1926 - umbhishobhi. Ngo-1937 waboshwa lo NKVD. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva Zhevakhov ngoba aphikisanayo umbuso wadutshulwa.

izinganekwane eziningi yayakha eduze i komhlaba emhumeni sezindela. Yiqiniso, abagxeki kungase kubonakale, ukuthi ukutholakala ngokuyisimangaliso indawo yamandla nje ezejwayelekile imihlola Geophysical: ukuthi i-buzz kungaba kusuka wokugoqa, kanye rainbow kubangelwa kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona ukukhanya. Nokho, ama-pilgrim, futhi romantics eziningi, zezihambeli ziyafika lapha nje ukuze bakwazi ukungena aura esihle kangakanani lokho lo shrine. Kukhona ukukhuluma ukuthi kukhona, emahholo wezintaba Menagerie, Ingafihleka futhi umtapo edume, enomnikazi Prince Yaroslav the Hlakaniphile.