Izici Black Sea yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Black Sea: Managing

Uyazi yini oLwandle Olumnyama? Abantu abaningi khona oyothi: "Yebo," Ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko uzothola ukuthi wasebenzisa ukuba ujwayelene oLwandle Olumnyama ayijulile kakhulu.

Izimila nezilwane yoLwandle Olumnyama

Ukuma samanje yoLwandle Olumnyama kwamiswa phakathi nenkulungwane zokugcina. Kuyamangaza ukuthi leli ulwandle has okuqukethwe ephansi usawoti emhlabeni wonke. Ngenxa yalokhu-ke is kamnandi kakhulu ithinta isikhumba sethu.

Black Sea - ezisondelene kakhulu enyakatho. On ogwini lwayo ungajabulela namasundu, zikagamthilini, magnolia izihlahla, utshani kanye nabanye abameleli abaningi nezilwane. Uxhumanisa uLwandle Olumnyama ne-Mediterranean ngenxa nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. WoLwandle Olumnyama, yebo, akuyona ecebe kangaka abameleli emhlabeni isilwane, kuba impela ezithakazelisayo ucwaningo nokho. Manje konke ngokuningiliziwe.

izwe yemifino

Namuhla, nezilwane ulwandle kuhlanganisa 270 zama-ulwelwe: oluhlaza, onsundu, phansi obomvu (Cystoseira, phyllophora, eelgrass, kladofora, Ulvi, njll). Phytoplankton ehlukahlukene kakhulu - ezingaba ngu-600. Phakathi kwabo kukhona dinoflagellate, diatoms, nabanye.

emhlabeni isilwane

Uma siqhathanisa nge oLwandle iMediterranean, i-Black nezilwane empofu kakhulu. OLwandle Olumnyama uye abe litheku le kwezilwane 2500. Phakathi kwabo, 500 elilodwa, 500 ezinamagobolondo, izimbaza 200 kanye 160 ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla. Zonke ukuphumula - ezingenamgogodla ahlukahlukene. Fauna yoLwandle LwaseMedithera Uma kuqhathaniswa, izinhlamvu imelelwa ayizinkulungwane 9 zinhlobo.

OLwandle Olumnyama has anhlobonhlobo usawoti, amanzi ngokulinganisela abandayo futhi khona-hydrogen sulfide ekujuleni ezinkulu. Konke lokhu ngenxa nezilwane babempofu. OLwandle Olumnyama kufanelekile zinhlobo olwenzeka endaweni eziqinile ukuthi kuzo zonke izigaba yentuthuko yabo angadingi olujulileyo.

Ezansi kolwandle siphile oyster, izimbaza ezidla inyama-shellfish pects - rapana okuyinto esengene imikhumbi Far. Yamadwala nemifantu amawa ugu zingatholakala izinkalankala nezimfanzi. nezilwane Chordate yoLwandle Olumnyama kunalokho abampofu, kepha ngokuba ngezifo nezinhlungu abacwaningi kwanele. Futhi, kukhona Kunezinhlobo eziningi jellyfish (ikakhulukazi Rhizostoma futhi Aurelia), izipanji nezilwane anemones.

Izimila nezilwane Sea: igama izinhlanzi

Ngo oLwandle Olumnyama atholakala kulezi zinhlobo zezinhlanzi:

• goby (Golovach, isiswebhu izingodo, martovik Rota)
• anchovy (Azovskaya futhi Black Sea)
• ushaka, izihlahla ezinameva dogfish,
• Five zezintaka mullet,
• ulwe, ulwe,
• Hake (Hake)
• bluefish,
• goatfish,
• isiphika Marine ,
• mackerel,
• horse mackerel,
• haddock,
• inhlanzi,
• sprat nabanye.

Futhi, kukhona izinhlobo Sturgeon: beluga Sturgeon (i-Azov futhi oLwandle Olumnyama). nezilwane Akunjalo abampofu Sea - izinhlanzi lapha eziningi.

Kukhona zilwane eziyingozi zezinhlanzi: ulwandle dragon (ayingozi kakhulu - ameva ezinesihlungu nesembozo gill kanye fin amaphiko), scorpion inhlanzi, Stingray, Stingray, okuyinto zitholakala kwi umsila ngameva anobuthi.

Izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo

Ngakho, abakhileyo woLwandle Olumnyama, ayini? Khuluma kancane mayelana nezilwane ezincane. Phakathi izinyoni yilezi: ama-gull, petrels, amadada cormorants yehle. Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle amelwa: amahlengethwa (ihlengethwa i-common kanye bottlenose amahlengethwa), vaquita (futhi ngokuthi uLwandle Azov ihlengethwa) futhi usigcine elimhlophe-bellied.

Rapa - isimenywa baseMpumalanga Ekude

Ezinye izakhamuzi oLwandle Olumnyama awuzange ekuqaleni lapho wahlala kuyo. Abaningi babo bathuthela lapha ngokusebenzisa Bosporus futhi iDardanelles. Isizathu kwaba ngenxa yanoma yimiphi ilukuluku kwabo komuntu siqu.

Ezidla ezinye izimbaza rapana hit oLwandle Olumnyama ngo-1947. Kuze kube manje, wadla kwakufika cishe bonke abantu oyster futhi scallop. brine Young, ukuthola isisulu, it is yamba echibini aphuze okuqukethwe. Abadala yokuzingela ezahlukene kancane - bona secrete isikhwehlela, okuyinto paralyzes isisulu folds futhi ivumela umhlaseli ukudla izimbaza ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Zona efanayo Rapanu akunangozi, ngoba ngenxa yokwanda kukasawoti enhlabathini eliphansi amanzi olwandle akuyona izitha main yayo - starfish.

Rapa ezidliwayo. Ukunambitheka kuyinto okusikhumbuza Sturgeon. Kukholakala ukuthi rapana iyona isihlobo esiseduzane we ezisengozini shellfish amagobolondo kuyiphi abaseFenike wenza udayi onsomi.

izihlahla ezinameva dogfish ushaka

Marine Black Sea nezilwane akuyona zahlukahlukene kakhulu, kodwa ngempela ezithakazelisayo. Sitholakala ngisho zenye oshaka. Lokhu dogfish izihlahla ezinameva, noma njengoba ibizwa, le dogfish izihlahla ezinameva. It akuvamile ikhula esingaphezu imitha ubude bese uzama ukugcina ukujula lapho amanzi esibandayo futhi abekho abantu. Phakathi Rybakov Katran kuyinto indondo yangempela. Iqiniso lokuthi la mafutha ushaka isibindi babe ayelapha. Nokho ushaka kungaba yingozi abantu, njengoba amaphiko ayo amaphiko abe spikes ushevu.

jellyfish

Ngokuvamile, olwandle kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili jellyfish: Aurelia futhi Rhizostoma. Rhizostoma - I ngobukhulu jellyfish Black Sea, kuyilapho Aurelia, kunalokho, uye kulencane kakhulu. Aurelia, njengoba umthetho, engakhuli angaphezu kuka-30 amasentimitha ububanzi. Kodwa Rhizostoma bengase bazikhandlele 50 cm.

Aurelia akuyona enesihlungu, futhi Rhizostoma esimweni kwabantu kungabangela ukusha efana Udosi. Kubangela ububomvu omnene, evutha, ezimweni ezingajwayelekile - ngisho amabhamuza. Rhizostoma uba nombala bluish nge Dome onsomi. Uma ubona-jellyfish emanzini, nje balithatha Dome basuka kuye. Dome, ngokungafani ihambe, okungezona ezinobuthi.

Ezinye ukuphumula ogwini Black Sea ukufuna ngamabomu umhlangano ne jellyfish anobuthi. Bakholelwa ukuthi Rhizostoma ushevu has ayelapha. Rumour has it ukuthi wagcoba umzimba wakhe jellyfish, ungakwazi lokuzelapha kusukela sciatica. It akulona iqiniso ukuthi has kokubili izifundo yesayensi ezingokoqobo. Awatholi mpumuzo, lokhu yokwelapha engalethi kanye imbangela ukuhlupheka esiguli, futhi jellyfish.

elikhazimulayo kolwandle

Phakathi plankton ayehlala amanzi oLwandle Olumnyama, kukhona omunye ukubukeka engavamile - noktilyuka, yena noctiluca scintillans. Lokhu nomzingeli alga elidla ukudla siqukethe izinto ngomumo eyenziwe organic. Kodwa lo main isici noktilyuki - ikhono phosphorescence. Nale ulwelwe ngo-August kungase kubonakale sengathi oLwandle Olumnyama ivuliwe.

Dead ekujuleni Sea

Bajwayelane abakhileyo kolwandle bathandekayo, sibheke ezimbalwa amaqiniso athakazelisayo. OLwandle Olumnyama iyona ngobukhulu anoxic umzimba amanzi emhlabeni. Ukuphila amanzi awo akukwazi ngesikhathi 200 meters ukujula ngenxa emakamu eliphezulu hydrogen sulphide khona. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, ulwandle zanqwabelana angaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane amathani-hydrogen sulfide, eliwumkhiqizo womsebenzi virus. Kukhona inguqulo esikhathini ukubukeka Sea (iminyaka 7200 edlule), sabulala abakhileyo Black Sea angenasawoti echibini, esimweni ngaphambili. Ngenxa yabo, ezansi reserves anqwabelene methane ne-hydrogen sulfide. Kodwa lokhu kungamampunge nje kuphela, okuyinto kuze kube manje hhayi ukuqinisekisile. Futhi iqiniso liwukuthi ngenxa okuqukethwe eliphezulu hydrogen sulfide olwandle nezilwane abampofu njalo.

OLwandle Olumnyama Ubuye wokuqukethwe lelisetulu amanzi ahlanzekile, nakho kunomthelela ongemuhle kwabanye kwezakhamuzi zawo. Iqiniso liwukuthi nawe uphume emanzini emfuleni ayikwazi shabalala ngokugcwele. A amanzi usawoti uthola olwandle ikakhulu kusukela Bosphorus Strait, okuyinto alanele ukusekela ibhalansi usawoti.

Kukhona yemibono eminingi ecatshangelwayo mayelana nesiqalo igama oLwandle Olumnyama. Kodwa omunye wabo ubonakala ozwakalayo kakhulu. Ukudonsa ihange khona kanye emanzini Black Sea, amatilosi nabo bamangaliswa umbala wabo - ihange amnyama. Lokhu kwakubangelwa ukusabela metal kanye sulfide-hydrogen. Mhlawumbe yingakho kolwandle ithole igama esikwaziyo namuhla. Phela, omunye amagama kuqala linjengezwi "efile ulwandle ekujuleni." Manje siyazi kanjani it kubangelwa.

emfuleni kwamanzi

Ngokumangalisayo, ngaphansi oLwandle Olumnyama ageleza ke umfula yangempela. It asuka Bosporus futhi eshiya ababalelwa ekhulwini amakhilomitha kukholamu amanzi. Ngokusho ezingaqinisekisiwe (okwamanje) ukuze ososayensi, ngesikhathi kumiswa Sea, lapho lesi siqephu YaseCrimea phakathi plain no uLwandle iMedithera libhujisiwe, amanzi igcwalisa insimu banamuhla Black Sea, kwakheka senethiwekhi ezweni imisele. On omunye wabo namuhla, emfuleni kwamanzi agelezayo usawoti, okuyinto ayishintshi isiqondiso sayo.

Kungani amanzi emfuleni kwamanzi akusho hlanganise amanzi olwandle? Lonke Iphuzu liwukuthi umehluko ukuminyana futhi lokushisa. emfuleni Underwater a degrees ambalwa ukubanda kunolwandle. Futhi uvalwe ngenxa okuqukethwe eliphezulu usawoti, ngoba uyasondla le enosawoti oLwandle iMedithera. Umfula ugeleza khona kanye ngezansi, kufanele siziphathele amanzi abo phansi ethafeni. Lezi emathafeni, ehlane-elifanana lelizwe-based, abe nokuphila kangako noma abangafundile nhlobo. emfuleni Underwater kubanikeza mpilo nokudla ukuthi singaba usizo kabi, unikezwa ngokuchichima hydrogen sulfide ku ekujuleni oLwandle Olumnyama. Kungenzeka ukuthi kulezi emathafeni ungukuphila. Okubonakala ngaphansi kwe "olwandle hydrogen sulfide", etholakala ngaphansi oLwandle Olumnyama. Njalo is othakazelisayo elithi game.

By the way, une ukusola ukuthi khona umfula kwamanzi aziwa amaGreki asendulo. Swimming ingenele olwandle, baphonsa cargo emkhunjini, exhunywe intambo. Umfula wawudla edonsa umthwalo, futhi kanye naye emkhunjini, okwenza kube lula ngawo amatilosi.

isiphetho

Ngakho, namuhla sithole ukuthi ubani abakhileyo oLwandle Olumnyama. Bhala amagama futhi wasisiza ngayo ukuba ukubazi kangcono. Siphindze safundza kuwe kuka oLwandle Olumnyama ihlukile kwabanye, futhi lokho izimfihlakalo kuthiwa isimo amanzi alo anamandla kufihlwe. Manje, uya eholidini ku Sea ozithandayo, uzoba nokuthile ukujabulisa abangane bakho futhi bakutshele ukuthi Kiddies yonke into eziyibonayo.