Dmitri Shostakovich: Biography of umqambi omkhulu

Dmitri Shostakovich, ogama biography iyathakazelisa abalandeli abaningi umculo we-classic - umqambi Soviet ezaziwayo, abadumile kude lé nemingcele yezwe lakubo.

shostakovich ebuntwaneni

Wazalelwa Septhemba 25, 1906 Petersburg emndenini wopiyano kanye wemithi. Umculo ukuthi nomkhaya wakhe kuyingxenye ebalulekile (uyise - a abanothando umculo lover, umama - uthisha ukudlala upiyano), waba nesithakazelo esemncane: taciturn umfana Skinny, ihlezi upiyano, yaphenduka umculi kwakwakhiwa. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala "Isosha" yalotshwa eminyakeni 8 ubudala, ngaphansi kwethonya izingxoxo njalo abadala mayelana kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Shostakovich Ukuphila kwakhe biography lonke kwakuhlangene umculo, owaba umfundi we I.A.Glyassera umculo esikoleni - uthisha odumile. Nakuba izinto eziyisisekelo notation emculweni Dmitry abajwayelene unina.

Shostakovich: Biography Soviet umqambi

Emphilweni Dmitry kanye umculo kwaba njalo uthando samanje. Ngokokuqala ngqá umuzwa imilingo wavakashela mfana engu-13: into uthando kuyinto Natalya Kube eneminyaka engu-10 ubudala, lapho umculi uye enikelwe foreplay kancane. Kodwa umuzwa kancane kancane ubunile, futhi isifiso sokuthutha nikela beloveds okudaliwe zabo zishiywe wopiyano virtuoso naphakade.

Ngemva kokutadisha esikoleni esingesona esikahulumeni ngo-1919, uDmitri Shostakovich, ogama biography wathatha professional umculo isiqalo, wangena Petrograd Conservatory, ngempumelelo iziqu ke ngo-1923 kusukela izigaba ezimbili: ukwakheka kanye upiyano. Ngesikhathi esifanayo esendleleni eya ukuhlangabezana uzwela entsha - lovely Tatiana Glivenko. Le ntombazane engu efanayo umqambi, kuhle, izifundiswa, kumnandi futhi bejabule, waphefumulela Shostakovich ukudalwa Yokuqala Symphony, okuyinto iziqu ethunywa njengomprofethi mqondo. Ubonakaliswa lo msebenzi, nomuzwa ojulile kwabangelwa uthando kuphela, kodwa futhi isifo esiwumphumela sebuningini becabangela nobusuku obungamashumi umqambi, nakho kwakhe, futhi ukucindezeleka esakheka ngemuva lakho konke lokhu.

Decent ukuqala umsebenzi umculo

Kudlalwé Symphony Okokuqala, izwe ezingenamaqabunga ngemva kweminyaka eminingi, kwaba nomhlangano ngo-1926 eSt. Umculo baxgeki lesesikufundzile umqambi abanamakhono esikhundleni uyakufanelekela thutha Sergeyu Rahmaninovu, uSergei Prokofiev futhi Igoryu Stravinskomu. I-symphony efanayo futhi waletha umqambi abasha, edlala nopiyano virtuoso odumo emhlabeni. Lapho inkulumo ngesikhathi Okokuqala International Piano Umncintiswano Chopin ngo-1927, owawusedolobheni Warsaw ku ithalente Shostakovich yayibhekisela wahosha ukunakwa omunye amalungu amajaji Bruno Walter - umqambi Austria-American futhi umqhubi. Wasikisela Dmitry ukudlala enye into, futhi Symphony Okokuqala lapho isithunywa savuthela ixilongo, Walter ebuzwa umqambi abasha ukuba umthume Berlin isikolo. Novemba 22, 1927 Conductor owenzé le ucezu umculo ngaphandle okhazinyulisiwe Shostakovich womhlaba wonke.

Ngo-1927, i-Shostakovich abanamakhono, ogama biography has nezikhathi eziningi ezinhle nezimbi, liphefumulelwe impumelelo ye Symphony Okokuqala, setha ukudala opera "I Ikhala" by Gogol. Le nkampani futhi wadala upiyano Concerto lokuqala, ngemva kwalokho ngasekupheleni 20-yalolucwaningo wabhala umculo wezinsimbi ezimbili.

izindaba inhliziyo

Futhi lokho Tatiana? NjengoFritz amantombazane kakhulu engashadile isikhathi eside elinde isicelo somshado, lapho Shostakovich unamahloni uzizwa ithatha ehlanzekile eliqhakazile noMphefumleli yakhe, noma akabonanga noma akazange alinge ukuyenza. umnumzana Okuningi beshesha elalihlangana Tatiana endleleni baholela phansi indawo yezinto; kuye, wabeletha indodana. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu Shostakovich, ukuphishekela sonke isikhathi manje lover yomunye, Tatiana ahlinzekwa abe ngumkakhe. Kodwa wakhetha ancamuka zonke elala fan abanamakhono abazithola ukuphila abanamahloni kakhulu.

bayaqiniseka Ekugcineni ukuthi intandokazi ingabuyeli, Shostakovich, ogama biography eduze zithandelana umculo imizwa yokubonisana uthando, okuwunyaka washada Nina Varzar - umfundi osakhula, yena waphila iminyaka engaphezu kuka-20 edlule. Owesifazane owamnika izingane ezimbili, ngesibindi uya kuyo yonke le minyaka, Ukuzilibazisa umyeni abanye besifazane, ukungathembeki kwakhe njalo futhi bafa phambi komkakhe othandekayo.

Ngemva kokufa Nina Shostakovich, Biography iDemo esesikhundleni wobuciko eziningana abaziwa umhlaba wonke futhi isebenza ukwakha umkhaya kabili: UMargarita Kayonovoy futhi Irina Supinskoy. Against isizinda amacala inhliziyo Dmitri lalihlala ukwenza, kodwa ubuhlobo ngomculo wenza okwengeziwe esiwujuqu.

On the amagagasi iziphathimandla kwemizwelo

Ngo-1934, i-opera "Lady Mtsensk" waba okuhleliwe eLeningrad, ngokushesha yamukelwe nezilaleli "hurray". Nokho, ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha isizini ukhona wasongelwa: umsebenzi zomculo wagxekwa kakhulu iziphathimandla zaseSoviet futhi isuswe kusukela repertoire. Kudlalwé Shostakovich sika Okwesine Symphony, elinesimo isikali omkhulukazi, ngokungafani esedlule, kwadingeka ukuba kwenzeke ngo-1936. Ngenxa isimo ezingaqinisekile kuleli zwe futhi olubandlululayo sengqondo abamele kahle kwemandla embuso bobuchule abantu, ukusebenza lokuqala umsebenzi zomculo kuye kwenzeka ngo-1961. 5th Symphony wadedelwa ngo-1937. Phakathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe waqala Shostakovich 7 Symphony - "Leningrad", eyenziwa kuqala Mashi 5, 1942.

Kusukela ngo-1943 kuya ku-1948, Shostakovich eyingoduso ekufundiseni ngesikhathi eMoscow Conservatory eMoscow, lapho Stalin kamuva owaxoshwa iziphathimandla ebambe "ukubuyisela oda" ku bomculo 'Union, ngenxa ezingasebenzi. Dmitry ezikhishwe ngesikhathi "kwesokudla" umkhiqizo ukulondolozwa isikhundla sakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqambi kulindeleke ukuba angene ephathini (inkanuko yobulili), kanye nezinye izimo eziningi zazo kwakusadingeka ups ezingaphezu kuka nezimbi.

Eminyakeni yokugcina Shostakovich, ogama biography sifundwa ngesithakazelo abalandeli abaningi umculo, wagula kakhulu, uhlushwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Akukona ube umqambi ngo-1975. umlotha wakhe bafihlwe Novodevichy Amathuna eMoscow.

Namuhla imisebenzi by Shostakovich, ihlanganise idrama evelele womuntu wangaphakathi, okuxhunyanwa umlando ka ukuhlupheka okubuhlungu engqondo - elisebenzisekayo kunawo wonke amazwe omhlaba. Okubukwe kakhulu - Lesihlanu lesishiyagalombili Symphonies nanhlanu wabhala. Kusukela quartets string, nayo nanhlanu, wagcwalisa eziningi wesishiyagalombili lweshumi nanhlanu.