Umcabango amathuluzi esuselwe zezimali

Umnotho njalo uxhuma lenqwaba izimakethe: izibambiso, ukusebenza, inhloko-dolobha, nabanye abaningi. Kodwa zonke lezi zinto zihlangana zakhe ezihlukahlukene kwezezimali, okuyinto abakhonza kuhambisane netinhloso.

Umcabango amathuluzi esuselwe zezimali

Umnotho igcwele imigomo ezihlobene ukusebenza izinhlelo ezithile, imikhakha, izakhi emakethe. Umqondo nemikhiqizo kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi yesayensi: physics, izibalo, ezokwelapha, izibalo, ezomnotho, kanye nakweminye imikhakha. Ngeke yini ukuphila ngaphandle kwazo, futhi isimiso sembulunga zezimali, kuhlanganise kwezimakethe kanye nemali emakethe.

Asho a esuselwe?

Nakubukwa jikelele, isigaba esuselwe ngokuthi kwakhiwa kusukela ezindlini ezingakanani noma ezime ngaphezulu elula. Esifundweni sezibalo, umqondo esuselwe kunciphisa kakhulu ekutholeni umsebenzi by umehluko umsebenzi yokuqala. Physics uyaqonda izinga esuselwe ushintsho inqubo. Umcabango amathuluzi esuselwe zezimali kanye nemisebenzi abasenzela, okuyinto kuhlobene kakhulu ubunjalo esuselwe sisonke abe isicelo ngqo okungokoqobo kwezimakethe.

Esuselwe noma nomqondo esuselwe izibambiso emakethe amathuluzi

Igama elithi "kokunye" (abadabuka German) ekuqaleni lisetshenziselwa ukubonisa esuselwe umsebenzi we- IiMbalo, kodwana phakathi nekhulu leminyaka-lamashumi amabili eduze esezinzile emakethe yezimali, kanye cishe balahlekelwa incazelo yalo original. Namuhla nomqondo esuselwe izibambiso kungesilo kuphela inhlobo yayo ngokuhamba izincazelo ezifana: izibambiso yesibili, esuselwe wesibili oda esuselwe, esuselwe zezimali, njll, ukuthi akunamthelela umqondo jikelele ...

A esuselwe, insimbi wezimali noma oda 2nd - inkontileka fixed eside, okuyinto phakathi kwabantu ababili noma ngaphezulu, ngokomthetho ngokusebenzisa le exchange stock noma ngokwethukela kanjalo kanye iqhaza izikhungo zezimali, esekelwe kwencazelo inani lesikhathi esizayo yefa noma insimbi langempela esiseqophelweni eliphezulu.

imphawu letibalulekile nemikhiqizo

Lenchazelo has izingxenye eziningana key, okuvela kulo mqondo futhi izinhlobo nemikhiqizo:

1. Derevativ - kule nkontileka, impumelelo lapho ezimbili noma ngaphezulu nesithakazelo amaqembu noma izinhlangano. Kuye ngokuthi lakhiwe kanjani emakethe futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, intengo, uhlangothi kuyoba winner, elinye - isiphukuphuku. Le nqubo is ngenakugwemeka.
2. inkontileka lwezezimali kungenziwa semthethweni ngokusebenzisa le exchange stock noma ngaphandle exchange isitokwe ne iqhaza zezinkampani futhi izinhlangano of nakangaka ngakolunye uhlangothi namabhange kanye nezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi yasebhange yisikhungo sezinhlangano eziphambili zezezimali - ngakolunye. Ukuba khona noma ukungabi zokwenana kakhulu inquma ngokucacile we esuselwe.
3. I esuselwe oda wesibili e ezezimali, kanye izibalo, has a base noma isisekelo. Kuphela uma isayensi zenza konke ukuze umsebenzi olula, emakethe yezimali usebenza nge amafa yangempela. Ngesikhathi exchange isitokwe amafa yangempela zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine: izimpahla noma lezimpahla amafa (amazinga lezimpahla Kuqinisekisiwe); izibambiso (amasheya, amabhondi) futhi amasheya; lwemali ukuthengiselana futhi ikusasa (izinkontileka ezikhethekile).
4. Ithemu yesivumelwano - ke kuncike zezimali ithuluzi ukuhluka. Ukunquma usuku oluqondile ekukhishweni yesivumelwano ukuvikela izithakazelo nokwehlisa izingozi ngoba zombili. Kodwa njengoba umthetho, inzuzo kusukela idili uthola eyodwa kuphela.

Izibambiso esuselwe: umqondo, izinhlobo, injongo yokusetshenziswa

Isici ezithile Exchange njengoba ingxenye emakethe ukuthi hhayi kuphela wenza umsebenzi "zamanani" (kuba esivela iningi izimakethe eyaziwa namuhla), kodwa futhi ingozi umshwalense. Kuze kube yimanje, abantu bevumelana ukuba bangena esivumelwaneni futhi ukunquma usuku oluqondile kusebenta kwaso, ukunciphisa izingozi yokujeziswa ukulahlekelwa esikhathini esizayo.

Ukuze zewaranti, okuyinto ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela izinkontileka fixed eside, kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• Futures.
• Phambili.
• Akuphoqelekile.

Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

Futures njengoba ezihlukahlukene zomculo esuselwe zezimali

Futures babengamaphayona phezu exchange isitokwe njengoba insimbi wezimali. A kwesitsha kakolweni nelayisi amakhuphoni ukuqinisekisa ukuba abakhiqizi yezolimo inzuzo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unyaka, ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi ezinezithelo noma cha.

Futures izivumelwano - Umqondo amathuluzi esuselwe zezimali azihlanganisa nesiphelo we Lezimpahla Futures inkontileka sokuthengisa yefa langaphansi, kulesi simo, abantu bevumelana kuphela ezingeni ekushintshashintsheni intengo kwempahla futhi ngaphansi kwesibopho ukushintshanisa kuze ekuvuthweni 'ukubulawa. "

Nakuba inkontileka wamanje, intengo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi izinguquko umnotho, izinqubomgomo, nezimo zezimakethe, yizici zemvelo, amanani entengo yezimpahla ahlobene. Abathengi bayazuza lapho zesito kungaphasi okuyiwona inkontileka kuphothuliwe. Futhi okuphambene nalokho.

Obalulekile ukwelashwa negative ikusasa (ngokuyinhloko ukudayisa) ukuthi ekugcineni ohlukanise amafa yangempela futhi azibonisi isimo sangempela emnothweni. Inani ukubaluleka ikusasa, ingxenye yesihlanu - inzuzo yangempela izimpahla, futhi Angaba yizingxenye ezine - ". Ingozi" intengo

Phambili noma "phambi" inkontileka

Phambili kanye nabanye izinkontileka kufakwe nomqondo esuselwe emakethe kwezezimali, ingxenye yayo ngokwethukela. Ngamanye amazwi, phambili asivamile ukubonwa ku exchange stock, kodwa ngokuvamile zenziwa ngokuqonde ngqo phakathi osomabhizinisi eyodwa noma ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene umsebenti wetemnotfo.

inkontileka Phambili noma phambili (kusukela English "ngaphambili.") - isivumelwano phakathi kwamaqembu nokulethwa kwezimpahla esikhathini ngokuqinile besikhathi obucacisiwe. Njengoba singabona kusukela definition, lo phambili avame usebenza nge lezimpahla amafa kunokuba izibambiso noma kwezezimali. Omunye umehluko okukhulu kusukela phambili amanye amathuluzi ukuthi kungaba imikhiqizo non-okwakha noma amasevisi. Ukushintsha isitokwe uvunyelwe impahla abadlule amasheke okuqinile izinga kanye nokufuna ukuhambisana nesikhathi ukuba nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuze izimpahla ngaphandle exchange stock, futhi le mfuneko asisebenzi. Isibopho umkhiqizo axhomeke ngokuphelele phezu umhlinzeki kanye nezingozi - umthengi.

Intengo bavumelana ubizwa ngokuthi phambili ukulethwa intengo. Ngethemu yesivumelwano ke akashintshi. Kodwa njengoba lokhu kudala amaqembu nobunzima obuthile, Exchange inikeza okunye izinkontileka phambili, ababiziweyo ngenye indlela, kodwa ngokuyisisekelo iyafana phambili: exchange kuthengiselana nge isiqinisekiso for zokuthenga, ukuthengisa kanye ukuhweba singekho.

Inketho izivumelwano phezu exchange isitokwe

Ethwele amathuluzi esuselwe zezimali, umqondo, izinhlobo kanye subtypes of inketho izinkontileka. Kuze 1973, bahlangana kuphela Ukuhwebelana lezimpahla, kodwa sekuphele iminyaka engu nanye kuphela ubudala baba ekuphatheni amathuluzi yesibili emakethe zezimali zomhlaba.

Manje inketho based kungaba cishe kunoma iliphi ifa: izibambiso, stock indices, impahla, lenzalo, kuthengiselana lwemali, nokuthi kubaluleke umthamo omnengi kunesinye, enye into yokusebenza kwezimali. Inketho - a esuselwe oda lwesithathu, superstructure phezu kwezinye superstructure zezimali.

Ngokusekelwe kulokhu okungenhla, inketho - it is semthethweni futhi exchange okwakha inkontileka fixed eside, okuvumela omunye amaqembu ilungelo ukwenza noma cha ukwenza izibopho ngaphansi inkontileka. Phambili ikusasa ziyadingeka ukwenza inketho - cha. Ngamanye amazwi, umthengi noma umdayisi ukuvuthwa yesivumelwano kuyodingeka ukuthenga noma ukuthengisa exchange kwempahla, ngisho noma ukubhekana ezingenanzuzo, futhi umnikazi inketho sinda lokhu ukudalelwa.

Ingozi khona third-oda ahlobene emakethe yezimali

Ngokuya umshwalense ingozi inketho - insimbi ephumelela kunazo zezimali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukutholakala ongakhetha nezinketho ongakhetha kunomthelela ukwehlukana emakethe yezimali wemakethe real kwezohwebo ngaphezu kwanoma yimuphi omunye kwezezimali. ongakhetha Stock ulele emakethe okungaphephile imali, kanye nokuncane ukuntengantenga likhula ngezinga kokuntengantenga kwezimali emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuze umnotho engazinzile global, okuyinto eminyakeni yamuva kukhonjelwe izinxushunxushu zemvelo, ezomnotho nezombusazwe, lena zingaphezu kokwaneleyo. Akakude nenhlekelele omusha global zezimali.