IMpi Yezwe II abalimala. China ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili

Izwe wahlupheka omkhulu ukulahlekelwa eMpini Yezwe II. China iyathinteka. Yiqiniso, sinombono ezihlukahlukene izibalo, okuyinto ibonisa izindleko impahla zabantu abathile abaye zabonakala yabo ekubhubhiseni eziningi, ukulahlekelwa womuntu futhi akubonakali ukuba bakhulu. Ikakhulukazi uma ucabangela ukuthi basuke kwavuzwa ngokweqile ukubeletha, okwenzeka ngemva izingxabano ngamazwe. Kodwa uma bahlulela amacala anjengalawa kukhona kukha phezulu. Izisulu babebhekwa njengabantu ezinkulu njalo. Umuntu ngamunye linendima ebalulekile, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwayo - ukulahlekelwa okukhulu ngenxa yesizwe. Lena akuyona ukubaluleka impahla.

indima China liye baziswa hhayi

Ososayensi waphawula ukuthi China e seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili esadlala indima ebalulekile. Ingxabano kuleli lizwe, ngokusho kongoti, waqala ngo-1931. Phakathi nale nkathi iJapane ihlasele Manchuria. Kuze kube manje abantu engakaze esikalini indima China e ukunqoba wobushiqela. Nokho, amabutho kuleli zwe isikhathi eside amabutho iboshiwe of Japan, singavumeli wakhe ukuqala ezilwa eSoviet Union. Ukuze siqonde ukuthi iyiphi balahlekelwa eMpini Yezwe II, China kufanele sihlole kabanzi izinto ezenzeka ngayo ngalezo zinsuku.

Outbreak izingxabano

Ngo-1937, eminyakeni emibili ngaphambi kokugqashuka ubutha ngokumelene Poland kusukela iJalimane, iChina, amabutho bangqubuzana nge ikampu Japanese. Kwathi ohlangothini lokunene Beijing. Kuyinto lokhu inhlansi wethula ukungqubuzana e-Asia. Phakathi neminyaka yempi kuhilelani ngemihlatshelo emikhulu. Okuqhubekayo nokuphikiswa iminyaka 8.

Mayelana ukubusa e-Asia, Japan baqala ukucabanga nge-yalolucwaningo 20. Ngo-1910, isimo koloni Japanese Korea etholwe. Ngo-1931, izikhulu yebutho Japanese kwakuhlezi yayihlasela futhi yayinqoba i Manchuria. Le ngxenye eChina abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-35 futhi ibe esibalulekile imithombo yemvelo ngokungadingekile.

Ngasekuqaleni kuka-1937 amabutho Japanese eside ingxenye kwakuhlezi Inner Mongolia. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kukhuphuke ingcindezi ku Beijing. Ngalezo zinsuku inhloko-dolobha yaseChina sasitholakala emzini Nanjing. Inhloko yezwe kanye wobandlululo Party Chan Kayshi waqaphela ukuthi konke uya ilwa neJapane.

ukulwa izibhelu

Kungqubuzana eduze Beijing kuphela kwaqina. AmaShayina abayi ukuthobela izimfuno ezenziwe amaJapane. Enqaba ukuba bavume. Incurring ukulahlekelwa eMpini Yezwe II, China unqume ukwenza okwengeziwe esiwujuqu. Chan Kayshi ngaphambilini nesidingo sokuvikela Shanghai, eduze esemgwaqweni ingxenye enkulu yebutho Japanese. Ngo eyalandela lezi zenzo impi labulala abantu abangaba izinkulungwane 200 Chinese. ukulahlekelwa Japanese babengaba zinkulungwane 70.

Omunye iziqephu lizimelele emlandweni. Phakathi nempi, yilelo nalelo libe nesigaba Chinese sokuhlaselwa esivaliwe of aphakeme amabutho Japanese, naphezu ukulahlekelwa. EMpini Yezwe II, China (kufanele kuphawulwe) wasisebenzisa kwezikhali German. Futhi kubangelwe lokhu ke wakwazi ukubamba emhlabathini waso division Chinese. Emlandweni lesisiqephu waya ngaphansi kwegama "izinhlamvu 800".

Japanese wakwazi uthwebule Shanghai. wafika kwesikhathi ukusekelwa, futhi amabutho waqala acindezele China sika kakade enhlokodolobha.

Ukungaziwa kubaholi ibutho Chinese

Eminyakeni impi yokuqala, isiShayina amaKhomanisi cishe akazange abonise umsebenzi. Into kuphela bakwazi ukufeza - ukunqoba at Pinsinguan ukudlula. Ngokwemvelo, kwakukhona ukulahlekelwa. EMpini Yezwe II, yeChina yayiphethwe kakhulu sophe emhlophe. Nokho, lokhu kunqoba uye esabulala kakhulu of amasosha Japanese.

Izenzo sishubiswa ngokwengeziwe ukuhluleka ukuthi ifa ubuholi kwezinhloko zamaviyo Chinese. iphutha babo kwakukhona isiphithiphithi, okuholela inani elikhulu nokufa. I-Japanese bakusebenzisa lokhu ebanjwe izithunjwa, kamuva wabulawa. China eMpini Yezwe II balahlekelwa kakhulu kangangokuthi inani eliqondile efile ayikaziwa. Kungani kufanele kuphela Nanjing Massacre, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho Japanese abangu ukubulala nezakhamuzi.

impi Bloody, ngawo wakwazi ukumisa Japanese

Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela siphumelele empini kwaphazamisa umoya kwezinhloko zamaviyo Chinese. Nokho, ukumelana abayekanga ngeminithi. Enye yezimpi ezinkulu zenzeka ngo-1938 eduze kwedolobha Wuhan. amabutho Chinese izinyanga ezine, wayibamba leyo Japanese. Bakwazi aphule ukumelana kuphela ukuhlaselwa igesi, okuyinto kwaba okuningi. iqhaza China eMpini Yezwe II, yebo, abiza leli zwe kakhulu. Kodwa Japan Kwakungelula. Kuphela kule mpi elahlekile amasosha Japanese ezingaphezu kuka-100 eyinkulungwane. Futhi lokhu kuye kwaholela yokuthi abahlaseli iminyaka eminingi ukuyeka uhambo maphakathi nezwe.

Umzabalazo phakathi kwala maqembu womabili

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi China e seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili yayingaphansi kokulawula amaqembu amabili - i wobandlululo (KMT) kanye wamaKhomanisi. Ziyakwazi degrees elibanzi impumelelo eminyakeni ehlukene zasebenza. izindawo Hlukanisa abangu zilawulwe Japanese. Abashisekeli bezwe wasiza Melika. Kodwa imizamo yabo ngokuhlanganyela abangu nzima izingxabano njalo okuyinto kuphakama phakathi Chan Kayshi noJosefa Stilwell (American General). IQembu LamaKhomanisi babebambisene USSR. Party isinyathelo eceleni, okwaholela ukwanda abalimala phakathi kwabantu.

AmaKhomanisi abangu kulondolozwa amandla abo ukuze ekupheleni ngxabano Japan ukuqalisa nezimpi ngokumelene party ubuzwe kakade. Ngakho, abayivezi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthumela amasosha abo ukuze balwe amasosha Japanese. Kwaphawulwa ngesikhathi usomaqhinga Soviet.

At ekuqaleni kwempi ibutho lenzeka leQembu LamaKhomanisi. Wayemunyu ngempela impi-sifanelwe. It kungabonwa ngemva kokuhlaselwa olulodwa, kamuva wabizwa ngokuthi impi abayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu namashumi regiments. Le mpi kwenzeka ngo-1940 ngaphansi kobuholi Jikelele Ipeni Dehuaya. Nokho, Mao Tszedun wagxeka izenzo zakhe, sisole yokuthi abonakaliswe amandla party. Futhi kamuva jikelele wabulawa.

Yokubuyiswa Japan

ElaseJapane lacela umaluju ngo-1945. Okokuqala eMelika bese kuya amaviyo wobandlululo Party. iqhaza Nakuba China e seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili iphelile okwamanje, ekuqaleni okunye ukungqubuzana. Yasungulwa phakathi kwala maqembu womabili futhi waba umlingisi civil. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa iminyaka emine. Melika benqaba ukusekela KMT, okuyinto kuphela washesha kokunqotshwa iqembu.

ukulahlekelwa empini lalilikhulu kakhulu

Ezabulawa eMpini Yezwe II kwakungafanele amasosha kuphela. Kuqhathaniswa Okokuqala Umhlaba kulokhu kubulalana jeza a diki izakhamuzi. Futhi esibalweni sawo lidlule isikali umonakalo phakathi kwamasosha. Ngenxa yalokho, ukulahlekelwa babe ngokwanele ezinkulu. Cishe abayizigidi ezingu-50 abantu - kulahleka eMpini Yezwe II. Izwe enkulu olimele amazinga ezenzeka esikhathini iSoviet Union neJalimane. Akukho lutho isimanga kuleli, njengoba izimpi ezimatasa ngezinga elikhulu ayesezibhebheni phambi Soviet-German. Ngakho ukuhilizisana eside, okuqhubekayo futhi enobudlova phakathi amasosha azange abe ikuphi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubude phambi Soviet-German kwaba ngaphezu kwawo wonke amanye izimpi izikhathi eziningana. Futhi ngokuyisisekelo abafileyo weMpi Yezwe II amabutho iRed Army, inani izikhathi eziningana njengengcebo enkulu kunemicebo ukulahlekelwa kulowo amabutho aseJalimane.

Yiziphi izici edingekayo acabangele lapho zihlaziya ukulahlekelwa?

Ukuhlola ukulahlekelwa aseSoviet kucatshangelwe izici eziningana. Amanye awo yilawa:

1. Ingxenye ebalulekile kakhulu ukulahlekelwa kwenzeka eminyakeni yokuqala yempi. Amasosha wasuka izikhali azanele.
2. In ekuthunjweni wafa 3 million amasosha.
3. Kukholakala ukuthi idatha esemthethweni phezu masosha afile-German understated kanzima. eSoviet Union kuphela ke wangcwatshwa amasosha 4 million. Futhi ungakhohlwa mayelana sizana of Germany. ngokulahlekelwa kwabo zaba amasosha acishe abe ngu-1.7 million.
4. Iqiniso ukuthi osomabhizinisi e amabutho kuqhathaniswa eJalimane, nokunye okuningi, uthi alo.

Ukulahlekelwa ku Allied Forces

IsiShayina ezabulawa eMpini Yezwe II (isamba, kanye ezingeni ukulahlekelwa phakathi kwezinye sizana of USSR) aziziningi kangako, uma kuqhathaniswa nokwenziwa komsebenzi iRed Army. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-amabutho aseSoviet wachitha iminyaka yokuqala engu-3 izimpi ngaphandle ukwesekwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-United States naseBrithani bakwazi ukukhetha kahle lapho ukuqhuba ukulwa imisebenzi futhi nini ukukwenza. EU.SSR azange abe isinqumo esinjalo. Ehlelekile, kangcono, ibutho namandla zigoqiwe kweso, ephoqa amasosha ukulwa njalo ngoba phambi ngaphezulu. Zonke amandla amaJalimane ehlasela iSoviet Union, ngenkathi amabutho amaZwe Asizanayo ebhekene nengxenye encane kuwo. Ingabe indawo ukulahlekelwa engenabulungisa basuke ikakhulu ezihlobene ukubulawa oda. Ngokwesibonelo, abaningi baye bafa, uzama ukugcina isitha "kumnyama kubomvu."

Izisulu zala seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili babephakathi kwamaNethini French kanye nayo iBritish. Kodwa inani labo ingenkulu kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi uma iqhathaniswa izibalo kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kulula ukuchaza. Army of France ne-United Kingdom nengxenye ekulweni kuphela ngonyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi amakoloni yayo alwa-England.

Melika ukulahlekelwa idlule izibalo, enikezwe ibhalwe ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Lokhu singasho sithi iqiniso lokuthi amasosha aseMelika alwa hhayi kuphela e-Europe kodwa futhi e-Afrika futhi Japan. Futhi ingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke ukulahlekelwa wafika e-US Air Force.

Ukulinganisa ukulahlekelwa lamazwe ekhanda yezimo abhekene Ingena wacabanga ukuthi eFrance nase-UK wenzé imigomo yabo. Ziyakwazi yamelana nomunye eJalimane futhi USSR, futhi ngokwabo ngesikhathi esifanayo wema eceleni kusukela lokulwa. Kodwa awukwazi ukusho ukuthi babengeke ajeziswe. WaseFrance eminyakeni embalwa bomsebenzi, ukunqotshwa ihlazo futhi ukukhishwa kwengalo isimo. Great Britain wasongelwa lihlasele, futhi yabekwa ngamabhomu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu baleli zwe isikhashana wahlala esandleni emlonyeni.

lezakhamuzi ezafa

I ebanga usizi kunazo kwaba owabulala eziningi emphakathini. Izigidi zabantu baye baba yizisulu nokubhonywa. Bashisa amaNazi, akhombise indawo. Ngo nje eminyakeni embalwa kwempi, iJalimane elahlekile elinezakhamizi ezingaba yizigidi 3,65. EJapane, ngokusebenzisa iphutha ngamabhomu labulala abantu abangaba 670.000 nezakhamuzi. EFrance, kwashona abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-470. Kodwa kunzima ukuhlola, nganoma isiphi isizathu. Ngamabhomu, nokubulawa, sokuhlushwa - konke indima ethile. UK ukulahlekelwa baba izinkulungwane 62. Empeleni isizathu sokufa kwabantu ngobuningi waqala sokuqhuma kwamabhomu nokungabi amabhomu. Ezinye abafela kuyo ngenxa yendlala.

Kungani kunokungqubuzana okunjalo esindayo ukulahlekelwa kwenzeka phakathi kwabantu? Lokhu kungenxa Inqubomgomo yaseJalimane maqondana izinhlanga bakhiphe elezinga eliphansi. Amasosha ehlelekile wabhubhisa amaJuda lwamaSlav, uwabheka abaphansi abahlala endaweni ngokungemthetho. Phakathi neminyaka engu-impi amabutho aseJalimane Silahle abangaba yizigidi ezingu-24.3 nezakhamuzi. Kulaba, abayizigidi ezingu-18,7 - lwamaSlav. AmaJuda abulawa inani 5.6 million. Lezi yizibalo mayelana nabantu abafile abangabhalisile iqhaza kule impi.

isiphetho

indima China e seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili sikhulu ngokwanele. AmaShayina baye benza konke okusemandleni ukuze amabutho aseSoviet abangakayitholi ukulwa ne Japan. Kodwa konke lokhu lokulwa kuye kwaholela ukulahlekelwa enkulu kakhulu. Bobabili nenye. Amasosha nezakhamuzi wafa sivikele lenkaba yawo, bekhuluma kabi laba bahlaseli. Futhi ukuthi ziye zaba nomthelela ukumisa impi. Bonke esiyokhunjulwa iminyaka eminingi ezayo, njengoba feat zabo, anikele usizo olungenakuqhathaniswa.