Ubuciko kanye Ezokuzijabulisa, Izincwadi
Umlando "Ndodakazi sikaKaputeni". Izinhlamvu eyinhloko "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika", imisebenzi uhlobo
Ngemva baqedwe ngonya ka kwavukelwa ka isihlubuki izifiki wezempi e Staraya Russa ngasekuqaleni 30-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu XIX, Pushkin kuqhakambisa izikhathi ngokuthi "wakhathazeka" emlandweni ezweni. Lapha uqala umlando "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika." Ukubona isihlubuki Pugachev owuthanda futhi ikhanga imbongi. Futhi le timu ugijima ezimbili imisebenzi yomsebenzi Pushkin sika zomlando "The History of Pugachev" futhi "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika." Bobabili imisebenzi abazinikezele ukuba izenzakalo the Abalimi 'War of 1773-1775, eholwa Emelyana Pugacheva.
Esigabeni sokuqala Imininingwane ukuhlangana, ukudalwa kwe "Umlando Pugachev"
Umlando "Ndodakazi sikaKaputeni" kuthatha iminyaka engaphezu kuka-3. Pushkin wabhala umsebenzi wokuqala "The History of Pugachev", okuyiwona yena, waqoqela ndawonye ngokucophelela yamaqiniso nobufakazi. Wayefanele ukushayela bezungeza izifundazwe ezimbalwa iVolga esifundeni kanye Orenburg esifundeni, lapho ukuvukela kwakuqale okwenzeka futhi abangu balezo izenzakalo wayesaphila. I ngomthetho wenkosi ngakho nganikezwa ukufinyelela imibhalo oluthathwa eziphathelene nokucindezela kwavukelwa futhi iziphathimandla zalo. Umkhaya zomlando namaqoqo yangasese kwemibhalo uyayenza ingxenye enkulu yokwaziswa imithombo. Esikhathini "-Archived Notebooks" Pushkin ezibhalise amakhophi zimiso izinhlamvu Emelyana Pugacheva. Imbongi wakhuluma ngamadoda amadala owayazi Pugacheva wadlula isiko ngaye. Ngabuza imbongi, wabhala, zihlolwe endaweni lwempi. Lonke ulwazi yena zakhipha futhi babegcina ezilotshwe incwadi yomlando "Umlando Pugachev" eziqoqiwe. inoveli Small usembulela Kwelinye lamakhasi esithakazelisa kunazo zonke emlandweni-Russian - kwenkathi Pugachev. Lo msebenzi ubizwa ngokuthi "Umlando we Pugachev nokuvukela" futhi yakhululwa ngo-1834. Kuphela ngemuva kokumiswa imisebenzi zomlando imbongi waqala ukubhala art - ". Indodakazi uKaputeni sika"
Prototypes heroes, ukwakhiwa yomugqa wendaba
Elandisayo enovelini kuyinto egameni isikhulu abasha Petra Grineva okhonza Fort Belogorsk. Izikhathi eziningana umbhali washintsha uhlelo lwakhe lusebenza itulo ehlukile eyakhiwe izinhlamvu igama. Esikhathini imisebenzi ekuqaleni hero wacabanga wohlanga olukhulu abasha, abambuka kuya Pugachev. Imbongi wafunda ngomlando Shvanvich ozalwa ebukhosini owamuka ngokuzithandela eyeke ukuba lezi zihlubuki, iphoyisa Basharina, emazweni ethunjwa Pugachev. Ngesisekelo amacala yawo yangempela kwakhiwa izinhlamvu ezimbili, enye yazo - yesikhulu, owaba ngumkhapheli, ogama image abayifuna nokuwela kwawo izithiyo zokuziphatha futhi ukucwaninga isikhathi. Singasho ukuthi sibonelo wakhonza njengomdala isikhulu Shvabrin Shvanovich. Leli yigama ezishiwo isimemezelo sasebukhosini esithinta "Ngo isigwebo sokufa kuyinto imbuka futhi wadlubulunda nomkhohlisi Pugachev nabangane bakhe." A protagonist "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika" Green sidalwe ngumlobi esekelwe umlando wangempela isikhulu avelelwe amandla. Yena kusolakala kokuba izixhumanisi nge Emelyan Pugachev, kodwa kamuva akuzange kuqinisekisiwe, isikhulu utholwe futhi kukhishwa.
Le ncwadi yomlando kokudaliweyo "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika" by Pushkin
Pushkin ukukhanyisa izihloko lube neso elibukhali kangaka zezombusazwe kwakungeyona umsebenzi kulula, njengoba kufakazelwa umlando "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika": izinguquko eziningi e-imisebenzi yokwakhiwa we plan, bashintsha amagama uhlamvu sendzaba.
Indaba "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika" kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala maphakathi no-1832. Sebenza ngokwayo ezibhalelwe ngoDisemba 1836 e "Contemporary" umagazini ngaphandle isignesha lembhali. Nokho, ukucwaninga ezincwadini amabombo ukuvukela abalimi edolobhaneni Grinyova wawuvinjelwe, okuyinto imbongi yena kamuva abizwa ngokuthi "Uphuthelwe ikhanda." Ngo Pushkin ukudalwa "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika" iwine iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, ngemva kokushiya umkhiqizo ukuphrinta imbongi ukuthi kabuhlungu ebulawa Duel.
Aleksandru Sergeevichu kwadingeka ukuba ikwazi ukufaka eziningi umzamo ukwakha izinhlamvu. Wakhuluma imibhalo awashicilelwe, zomlando umndeni, ngentshiseko wawufunda umlando wabantu kwavukelwa eholwa Emelyana Pugacheva. Pushkin wavakashela amadolobha iVolga eziningi, kuhlanganise Kazan bese Astrakhan, lapho uqala "ubuqhawe" ka lihlongandlebe. Waze wathola ukuthi wonke amalungu omkhaya ukuba uhlole kahle yonke imininingwane. incwadi yomlando "Umlando Pugachev" lalinabafundi izinto etholwe, owasetshenziswa ukuba adale Pugachev yakhe ngoba "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika." Kwadingeka ngesikhathi esifanayo ukucabanga mayelana emalungelo ekucwaninga uhlamvu okuyinto waphikisa hhayi kuphela izimiso zokuziphatha ezibheka kuyisiphazamiso esimisweni sokuhle nokubi kwaleso sikhathi, kodwa wabuye waphakamisa impikiswano zezombusazwe. angamambuka yakhe yizicukuthwane ekuqaleni kwakufanele abe ohlangothini we Pugachev, kodwa ngisho phakathi ulwazi ukuhlangana uhlelo lashintsha izikhathi eziningi.
Ngenxa yalokho, kwaba okudingekile ukuba kwahlukaniswe umlingisi emibili - "elikhanyayo" futhi "omnyama", umlweli ie Grinyova futhi imbuka Shvabrin. Shvabrin sathatha bonke izimfanelo ezimbi kakhulu, kusukela nokukhohlisa wobugwala ka yokuqedela.
"Ndodakazi sikaKaputeni" Heroes Umhlaba
Poet ungase uchaze emakhasini indaba kuyiqiniso izimfanelo Russian kanye nezimfanelo ezakhayo. Pushkin ngokucacile kakhulu futhi enemibala uphatha ukudlulisela uhlobo okuphambene abantu komunye lombhalo. Ngo umkhiqizo "Onegin" ke sichazwe ngokucacile izinhlobo okuphambene yezikhulu ku izithombe Tatyana futhi Onegin, futhi "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika," waba sesimweni esamsiza ukuba sibonise nalokho izinhlamvu typecasting abantukazana Russian: neqondayo, Sebawoti abazinikezele, Cabangisisa nabanokuqonda Savelich nesidlubulundayo, enobudlova, Pugachev edlubulundayo. Endzabeni "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika" izici iqhawe inika kukholakale kakhulu futhi ekhululekile.
wohlanga olukhulu Grinyov
ukunakekelwa okukhethekile e indaba yethu, sifanelwe nabalingiswa abasemqoka. Hero "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika," isikhulu abasha Grinyov, egameni yemlandzi kabani, wakhulela isiko lasendulo. Wanikwa esemncane inakekelwa Savelich aba nethonya elikhulu kuphela lenyuka emva ukuxoshwa othisha engumFulentshi Beaupre. Ingabe engakazalwa ezweni, uPetru ilotshwe le Semenov ibutho Usayitsheni oye kuchazwa lonke ikusasa lakhe.
Petr Alekseevich Grinev - the protagonist "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika" - sidaliwe ngomfanekiso umuntu wangempela, ulwazi mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo Pushkin ezitholakala imibhalo ezigciniwe ngenkathi Pugachev. Prototype Grinyova - Basharin Isikhulu lathunjwa amavukelambuso ubalekile naye. Ukudala inoveli "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika" kwakulandelwa ushintsho igama iqhawe. It liye lashintshwa izikhathi eziningana (Bulanin Valuev), njengoba umlobi abayekanga Grinevoj. Endleleni umlingiswa oyinhloko ezihambisana esiza abantulayo, "umkhaya umqondo" nokuzikhethela ngenkululeko ezimweni ezinzima nokhahlo.
Echaza umlomo Grinyova kokubhekana nemiphumela ebuhlungu Pugachev, Pushkin ubiza ukuvukela olungenangqondo abangenasihe. Izintaba kwezidumbu eziningi abantu ngamaketanga, ngeziswebhu okhandiweyo walengiswa - yilokho ebuhlungu kuvukela. Ozibona aphanga futhi zonakalise ngomzana, imililo, futhi yizingane eziba yizisulu ezingenacala, ngokumamatheka athi: ". Ungasingenisi uNkulunkulu ukubona ukuvukela isiRashiya, olungenangqondo abangenasihe"
serf Savelich
Ukudala inoveli "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika" ngeke kwenzeke ngaphandle isithombe eliqhakazile abantu bomdabu. Serf Savelich wayekholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi ozalwa kuphela ukukhonza inkosi yayo. Okunye ukuphila, yena ngokwakhe yengacabangi. Kodwa inkonzo yakhe kuJehova - akuyona servility, egcwele kwesithunzi yezikhulu.
Savyelitch ukufudumala ocebile kwangaphakathi, okunamathiselwe esingenandaba nomhlatshelo. Inkosi yayo abasha uyabathanda esinjengesikababa endodaneni, enakekela kuye futhi uhlushwa ukumangalela umuntu ubulungisa ikheli lakhe. Le ndoda endala uhlushwa isizungu, ngoba kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe wayehumusha enkonzweni Messrs.
sihlubuki Pugachev
Esinye isithombe ezicacile zendlela Russian imvelo imbongi ephethwe ukuba adabule Emelyana Pugacheva. Lokhu hero "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika" by Pushkin kubhekwa kusukela izinhlangothi ezimbili ezihlukene. Omunye Pugachev - kuyinto ezihlakaniphile, acumen omkhulu futhi indoda ekhaliphile, esikubheka njengomunye umuntu ovamile, ezichazwe nobuhlobo bomuntu siqu Grinev. Uyakhumbula okuhle kuye, futhi simbonge ngokujulile. Enye Pugachev - wesahlulelo nonya futhi asinalo uzwela, ukuthumela abantu esigodweni futhi uyabulawa oseqinile umfelokazi Usigaxamabhande Mironov. Lokhu ohlangothini Pugacheva - ngabanengekayo, ezithinta nesihluku walo wezimpi ezalandela.
Isitha protagonist - Shvabrin
Shvabrin wohlanga olukhulu, hero "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika", omunye umuntu wangempela, kukhulunywa zazo Pushkin ezitholakala imibhalo ezigciniwe. Ngokungafani esihle ngokwethembeka Grinyov, Shvabrin - ngumphefumulo yokungathembeki Rascal. It kalula lithuthela ohlangothini Pugachev, ngokushesha nje wathatha Sifundazwe inqaba. Amandla uzama ukuthola Masha indawo.
Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo Shvabrin azizona iziphukuphuku, yena nomngane behlakaniphile futhi zijabulisa, wangena inkonzo Sifundazwe nenqaba yabantwana uthando Duels dueling. Kungenxa Shvabrin Grinyov iza ukusolwa lokuzama ukuvukela uMbuso, futhi cishe bancishwa ukuphila.
Indodakazi Likakaputeni Maria Mironova
Indaba "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika" utshela futhi ngothando ezikhathini ezinzima kuvukela ethandwa. Heroine eyinhloko "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika" - Maria Mironova, wakhulela ku amanoveli French ngaphandle ilobolo, indodakazi induna Fort Belogorsk. Kuyinto ngenxa yakhe ukulwa Duel Green futhi Shvabrin, nakuba kungaba Awutholi phi of them. abazali Petrusha yayikwenqabela bacabanga ngisho ngomshado ku Isipho futhi Shvabrin scoundrel owacishe won Duel, ayikho indawo enhliziyweni sentombazane.
Akakakuvumeli kuye ngesikhathi bamba le nqaba, lapho ezama ukuthola amandla umusa wakhe. Ngo Masha eqoqwe zonke izici best of abesifazane Russian - the ubumsulwa futhi ukuhlanzeka uhlamvu, imfudumalo, isineke futhi izimisele ukuba umhlatshelo, amandla kanye nekhono akushintshi izimiso zakhe. Ngenxa Masha izandla Shvabrin Grinyov iya Pugachev ukuba bambuze ukukhulula othandekayo wakhe.
Incazelo izenzakalo indaba
incazelo ngezehlakalo kusekelwe Umlando yabangamashumi amahlanu wohlanga olukhulu Grineva Petra Alekseevicha. Yalotshwa phakathi nokubusa koMbusi Aleksandru ngokuzinikela kwavukelwa ongumlimi eholwa Emelyana Pugacheva. Ngentando isiphetho isikhulu abasha kwadingeka ukuba iqhaza ke okungalindelekile.
ebuntwaneni Petrusha
Iqala indaba "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika" nge Umlando kuyindida kaPetru Andreyevich lokwatiwako ngekuphila kwakhe. Uyise - umhlalaphansi uMajor prime, umama - indodakazi yesikhulu abampofu. Zonke izingane zakubo eziyisishiyagalombili Petrusha wafa ebuntwaneni, futhi uhlamvu lwalotshwa Semenov ibutho Usayitsheni zisesesibelethweni. Eminyakeni emihlanu, umfana ubeka Ezifuna Savelycha kabani umusa Petrusha e guys. Ngaphansi umyalo wakhe uye wafunda ukufunda nokubhala isiRashiya, futhi "lapho abantu beveza ahlulele izakhiwo inja nenja yokuzingela." Ngemva master abasha uphumile e uthisha waseFrance Beaupre, owaqeda uxoshwe uchitelsvovanie kuyihlazo ukuthi wayedakiwe futhi ngiyajabula egcekeni amantombazane.
Petrushka Young ngokuphila ukuphila ngokunganaki kuze yobudala eyishumi nesithupha, nokujaha amaphuphu nokudlala Leapfrog. Ngezinye nesikhombisa, uyise enquma ukuthumela i ignoramus enkonzweni, kodwa hhayi Semenov ibutho, futhi impi, ngakho nyuhnul neziqhumane. Lokhu kwamvulela ithuba lokunikeza wohlanga olukhulu ezisencane nokukhungatheka ukuthi uyoyithola mnandi futhi ukuphila ngokunganaki enhloko-dolobha.
Grinyova inkonzo isikhulu
Endleleni eya Orenburg okunokufometha inceku yakhe ungene isiphepho oqinile, futhi iningi nokuthela amanzi emhlane wedada uma abhekane nabo babamba Roma darnel, owayehola ukuba bakwazi. Endleleni eya izindlu Petru Andreevichu amaphupho angokwesiprofetho futhi iphupho elibi kakhulu. Grinyov Nokubonga unika wakhe umsindisi unogwaja elingenamikhono futhi ephatha ingilazi yewayini. Ngemva Siyabonga mutual amaRom ikhefu Green.
Lapho befika kule ndawo, uPetru wamangazwa ukuthola ukuthi inqaba Sifundazwe akubukeki njenge i nenqaba ungenakunqotshwa - kungcono nje emzaneni cute kancane ocingweni lamapulangwe. Kunalokho swashbuckling amasosha - invalids impi, futhi esikhundleni wezikhali esesabekayo - i inganono ubudala, okuyinto avimbekile emlonyeni udoti elidala.
Inhloko inqaba - isikhulu bathembekile futhi bakahle Mironov - hhayi oqinile imfundo nhlobo ngaphansi kwethonya umkakhe. Unkosikazi ugijima inqaba efana nendlu yakhe. Mironov ukuthatha Petrusha abasha njengoba umama, futhi uyaboshwa kuye futhi owayo uthandana indodakazi yabo uMariya. inkonzo umthwalo kufanele ukufunda izincwadi nokubhala izinkondlo.
Ekuqaleni isevisi Petr Grinev uyamzwela friendly Shvabrin uLieutenant, osondelene naye emfundweni kanye nomsebenzi. Kodwa Shvabrin ukubhuqa ngawo wagxeka amavesi Grinyova, emenza kunengxabano phakathi kwabo, namazwi avela ezingcolile eceleni Masha - isizathu duel, lapho Green walimala basely Shvabrin.
Balimaze ukunakekelwa ngu-Peter Maria, futhi bayaqaphela nomunye emizweni yabo mutual. UPetru wabhala incwadi kubazali, sicela babusiswe umshado. Nokho, ngemva kokuzwa ukuthi uMariya ayinakho ilobolo, uyise wenqabela indodana yakhe ukucabanga ngale ntombazane.
Pugachev kuvukela
Ukudalwa "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika" lihlotshaniswa kwaba nesiteleka ethandwa. Kulo mfanekiso, izenzakalo zenzeka kanje. Esikhathini ezweni Bashkirs emzaneni oyisimungulu ibanjwe imiyalezo okweqisayo. Izakhamuzi Fort Belogorsk ngokwesaba elinde kuhlasela abalimi mbuso eholwa Pugachev. Futhi kuhlaselwa lokucubuka kwenzeke kungalindelekile, ngesikhathi kuhlasela lokuqala inqaba lempi umaluju izikhundla zabo. Izakhamuzi waphuma ukuyomhlangabeza Pugacheva ngesinkwa usawoti, futhi kuholele esigcawini edolobheni for isifungo entsha 'bazimele ". Usigaxamabhande nomkakhe afe, ukwenqabela ukufunga allegiance umkhohlisi Pugachev. Grinyova elinde esigodweni, kodwa kamuva akabange Yemelyan uyabahawukela kuye, ukuhlala naye ukuba abe ngumsizi wakhe, ayivusa bophulwe e lwesivunguvungu Uthole isipho kusukela kuye noboya nonogwaja.
Pugachev ake iphoyisa, futhi uqala usizo bebheke Orenburg. Ufuna ukuhlenga ekuthunjweni Masha ogulayo, onikeza unkosikazi yompristi for Umshana wakhe. Yena wayekhathazeke kakhulu ngokuphepha kwakhe, ngoba Usigaxamabhande esimisiwe Shvabrin, abambuka ukuze abavukeli. Ngo Orenburg, hhayi athathwe ngokungathi sína imibiko yakhe futhi benqaba ukusiza. Futhi ngokushesha, umuzi ngokwawo kwaba ekuvinjezelweni eside. Ukuvele ukuze Grinyov Masha uthola incwadi yakhe ngokucela usizo, futhi waphinde wathumela enqabeni. Lapho, ngosizo Pugachev sikhipha Masha, futhi uwela ngaphansi izinsolo lobunhloli ne nokufakwa Shvabrin efanayo.
Ekuthunjweni okuphakade eSiberia Grinyova silondoloza Masha, owatshela ngobuqotho konke ukuze iNdlovukazi, futhi yena kuxolelwe uPetru Andreyevich.
Ekuhlaziyeni kokugcina
Umbhalo oyinhloko indaba yakhiwa amanothi Petra Andreevicha Grineva. Abagxeki wanikezwa inoveli "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika" okulandelayo izici: ke ngokomlando indaba ebalulekile. Epoch Pugachevshchina ukubonwa ngemehlo umnumzana, owanikela isifungo sokwethembeka ukuba iNdlovukazi, futhi piously balandela uyala ukuvusela umfowabo igama iphoyisa. Ngisho nangezikhathi ezinzima, phakathi kwezintaba kwezidumbu negazi labantu kolwandle, ayizange engalandeli izwi, futhi ngikhulumele behlonipha iyunifomu yakhe.
A kuvukela ethandwa eholwa Pugachev kubonakala "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika" njengoba nhlekelele kazwelonke. Pushkin uqhathanisa abantu namandla.
Abagxeki baye ngokuthi indaba "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika" esivelele temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba Pushkin sika. Umkhiqizo waqala ukuphila izinhlamvu Russian ngempela nezinhlobo. Zonke izinkondlo of ogcwele umoya wokuzibusa nowokuvukela Pushkin sika, ke obunqoba kwenkululeko abavamile. Futhi endabeni, indaba wokuhlubuka Pugachev, imbongi lihlabelela enkululeko nokuvukela. zabuna Russian ukunikeza indaba "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika" Ukubuyekeza omuhle. Enye wobuciko ahlanganiswe nezincwadi Russian.
"Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika": ukubandakanya uhlobo
Ingabe sicabanga ukuthi indaba "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika" uhlobo lokukhishwa inoveli zomlando? Phela, mbhali wezinkondlo wayekholelwa ezikhazimula emsebenzini wakhe yonke inkathi yomlando, angase bakubheka njengodumo noma inoveli. Nokho, ivolumu ophasiswe kwemibhalo, umsebenzi kungokwalabo indaba. Bambalwa baxgeki bayavuma ukuthi "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika" - inoveli, sivame ukukubiza inganekwane noma indaba.
"Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika" ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini kanye productions
Namuhla eyenziwa eziningi yaseshashalazini kanye kinopostanovok inoveli "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika." Ethandwa kakhulu yinkulumo ifilimu uPawulu Reznikov of the gama elifanayo. Le filimu wakhululwa ngo-1978 futhi ebalulekile eyaba kinospektaklem. Iqhaza umlingiswa oyinhloko got a owaziwa futhi ajwayelekile kubabukeli abadlali. I Singularity wokwenza wukuthi akekho uthola esetshenziswa isithombe, akekho ziwumthwalo ekhethekile ukwakheka, futhi akukho lutho ngabe uxhumanise nabalingisi incwadi, ngaphezu umbhalo. Lo mbhalo, bese ubeka kwemizwelo, kwenza umbukeli bazizwa, futhi abadlali nje ukufunda kuye izwi lakhe. Naphezu okwakhe of isiteji indaba "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika", ifilimu iwine Izibuyekezo okukhulu. amatiyetha abaningi namanje ukulandela isimiso esisodwa kuphela ukufunda umbhalo Pushkin sika.
Okungukuthi, ngokuvamile, umlando noveli "Ndodakazi uKaputeni sika" A. S. Pushkina.
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