Order of the Empire, Russian kanye izindondo

Zomlando ukubaluleka timphawu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu mdala noma umcimbi omkhulu bephathwa eminyakeni bayoqhubeka bekhula njengoba isibalo abaqoqi lukhula, ukuphuma ekuqoqeni izindondo, imihlobiso noma izithonjana ahlukahlukene. Ezinye iqoqo yangasese hit uhlu ziphephile, ngisho umcabango kwakwakhiwa kakhulu - izindleko zabo Imininingwane kungenziwa ezibalelwa emakhulwini ezinkulungwane ngisho nezigidi imali American. Namuhla sibheka enye indawo isithakazelo wabantu abaqoqa - izindondo izikhathi Russia yasebukhosini.

Oda njengoba ukuqashelwa sokunconywa

Ngokusho zemihla ngemihla, oda lokuqala Empire Russian wabonakala ngesikhathi kubusa uPeter Omkhulu - obonwa mlando kanye nososayensi nezombusazwe lonke wezinguquko umphakathi wezwe lonke elaseRussia. Kodwa isikhathi nesenzakalo we timphawu wezwe lonke wokuqala ngqá kungenziwa ngokuphepha isibaluli ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesibili yeminyaka. Izincwadi zomlando eyaqala ngonyaka ka-1100, okukhulunywe umklomelo wegolide hryvnia ezithile Aleksandra Popovicha yokuzihlola Polovtsian ngesikhathi kugaselwa Kiev. Kwathi ngesikhathi uVladimir Monomakh, yena yanikezelwa okukhulu igolide ayindilinga (igolide ne-torque), okuyinto egqokwa entanyeni, esikhathini esizayo, njengoba ongakulindela, hero of the izindaba yeqhawe Aleshu Popovicha.

Ukuvela yamakhosi esimweni Russian useshintshe izisekelo wakudala, washintsha futhi ukuhlonipha abantu eziphakeme ukuzedlula zonke. Ngaphezu umhlaba Holdings, ukwandisa pay, ephakamisela erenki, ngcono isikhundla waqala isipho elengayo Uyakufanelekela, amasongo, iziqhano zokuhloba, lokhu kungathathwa zigqokwe izingxenye wadalula zomzimba noma izingubo njengoba umahluko obalulekile kusuka ngomhla ka abanye.

I-oda lokuqala Empire Russian

Ukubukeka kwamakhasi timphawu wokuqala lonke, zifana eduze nalezo Kwamiswa ekhulwini lethu, izazi-mlando, njengoba kushiwo kakade, ubheke izikhathi , uPeter Omkhulu. Ohlonishwayo futhi namuhla Order Andreya Pervozvannogo uPetru elisungulwe 1698. Usuku ngqo efikile lapho, kuvezwa ezinye imithombo kanye 1699-th. Ngisho e-Europe, uPetru wanquma ukuthi sekuyisikhathi ukwazi emhlabeni kanye Order of the Empire, Russian. isithombe Order of St Andrew umPhostoli manje kufakwe zonke izinhlu zomlando.

On the ongumvikeli inkosi wakhethwa hhayi ithuba. Wachaza Nesiko zeSonto isitshela indaba intshumayelo wokuqala ongumKristu St. Andrew emhlabathini Russian. Ngo 1720, umklomelo yasungulwa isimo lapho kwachazwa ukuthi lokhu umehluko isekelwe nokucindezela yasendulo Scottish Order - izikhonzi Emperor of Russia kufanele ulandele isiko Inhlangano yebhola lezinyawo.

Knights of Order Andreya Pervozvannogo

Ufanelekele Order Andreya Pervozvannogo babevela lempi - jikelele abagibele amahhashi noma elihamba jikelele. Lakhe lokuqala baba knight of Fedor Alekseevich Golovin - ohlakaniphile, umeluleki kuMbusi uPetru undunankulu wokuqala owasebukhosini kwaba Russian ngokuzalwa, ukuze Admirals ayimisile abezizwe abaphakathi basenkonzweni yenkosi. Ama-oda kanye izindondo of the Empire, Russian ngesikhathi generously waphana izifiki. ukuze St Andrew futhi tape etholwe ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene Napoleon Mina nomfowabo omncane, uJerome, semashi Berthier, futhi Murat, Prince Talleyrand futhi uMbusi Wellington.

Kodwa ngisho phakathi nokubusa uPetru yesibili knight Order Andreya Pervozvannogo waba Hetman Ivan Mazepa - sibalo kuhle okuphawulekayo emlandweni waleli zwe. Sekukonke, phakathi nokubusa uPetru nemicengezi Order babe ngu-40 abantu, kuhlanganise nenkosi uqobo (wayenguKristu lesikhombisa Order yomnikazi) futhi lokho ayekufundisa ezithembekile Alexander Menshikov.

Phakathi nokubusa uPawulu mina, Order Andreya Pervozvannogo aqala ukukhonona futhi abefundisi. Ngakho, ngo-1796 Metropolitan of Novgorod futhi Petersburg Gabriel ithole Andreev timphawu.

Ukusungulwa zamanye Russian

Order of the Russian Empire, iqoqo ubuhle kabani yesiteleka, kanye nobuhle, Kwamiswa zonke tsars Russian. Kwaze kwabusa noPawulu, owambiza Akazange nje afake ezinye imivuzo entsha, kodwa futhi ushintshe imithetho umklomelo we-oda Andreya Pervozvannogo, kuningi osekwenziwe, futhi uCatherine Omkhulu. Novemba wayo 26, 1769 loMhlabathi yasungulwa i the Order of the Holy Omkhulu Martyr George le Olunqobayo. Kwesokudla eligqoke ayenikezwe isiphathimandla gaba yebutho Russian. Yena ukhishwa nezigigaba wezempi, futhi lokuzalwa okusezingeni eliphezulu noma Merit zakuqala for wobaba akakwazanga ukukhonza njengoba athola ibhaxa yokuklomela Order - kuphela ukwethembeka isifungo, duty nodumo, owanikhipha inkazimulo izingalo Russian. Oda kwadingeka degrees ezine.

Olunye uphawu umehluko, esiseqophelweni eliphezulu of the Empire, Russian - "Ukuze Ukholo Nokwethembeka" - yasungulwa yi-Peter ofanayo 1699, futhi kwadingeka isimo umklomelo eliphakeme. izinqola zakhe singase sibe njengomKristu izikhulu lamasosha nezakhamuzi. Mina ukhishwa ke i Ezenzakalweni ezingavamile ikakhulukazi futhi ohlonishwayo. Umbala iribhoni kwaba blue, degree elilodwa nje. Izimpawu Order kwaba engu- okwesibhakabhaka kanye liyinkanyezi eziyisishiyagalombili olucijile. Cross bakhathale phezu ibhande ayejikijela phezu kwehlombe lakhe lokunene, inkanyezi - ohlangothini lwesobunxele kwesifuba.

Ngaphakathi the gama of futhi ngenxa yenkazimulo Order of Russian

Ngo 1725, i the Order of Alexander saseNevsky yasungulwa. "Russian Empire kufanele uyaziqhenya," - kusho uPeter, uhlelo ukusungulwa Order. Nabo 1710 yasungulwa Alexander saseNevsky Monastery Petersburg, lapho 1742, August 30, izinsalela saint sika bathunyelwa. Lo mklomelo sidalwe yisigcibisholo abanohlonze ngoba sokunconywa bokulwa ukhishwa kuphela izikhulu zempi.

Order "Svobozhdeniya 'nayo wakhulelwa uPetru ukuzoqhubekisela ipumelelo Queen Catherine - inkosikazi ethandekayo yenkosi, uyozikhulula e 1711 Emperor lokuthunjwa Prus. Lo mklomelo kakhulu kwafika ngo-1714 futhi ngokushesha Yaphinde yaqanjwa ngokuthi i-Order of St Catherine.

Isibonakaliso e igama Equal oNgcwele kubaPhostoli Prince uVladimir Elikhulu, ngo-September 1782 ngowokuqala yasungulwa uMbusikazi uCatherine II. Ngalowo nyaka sigubhe iminyaka engu-20 wokubusa kwakhe, kanye Knight lokuqala Order of mina degree baba Catherine yena.

Order of the Empire, Russian ikakhulu uvele wokukhumbula isenzakalo esibalulekile. Ngakho, inkumbulo Princess Olga wanquma immortalize the Order has e Ezikhathini zamuva. Unyaka isisekelo salo - 1913th. Yena uNicholas II kwasho iminyaka engu-300th we Romanov lwamakhosi yasungulwa.

Order of the Empire, njengoba kuveza isimo isonto

ERussia tsarist ngephutha imiklomelo kakhulu ngamabizo ongcwele Orthodox. Indivisibility kokubusa kweSonto noHulumeni lwamukelwa ngokomthetho uMkhandlu-amaqembu kanye nabantu bakuleli zwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ezingxenyeni ezikude zombuso. Ngenxa ukuzoqhubekisela ezingamakhulu amathathu weminyaka endlini yenkosi waklonyeliswa Saint Olga, zazo e 955 yenziwa isakramente ubhapathizo ngesikhathi uhambo wakhe ngokuthi iConstantinople. Umzukulu Olga - Vladimir Elikhulu - emva edume "izinkolo test" ngazo zonke izindlela uzama ukugxilisa ukukhukhuleka okholweni lweqiniso futhi abantu bayo wonke wabeka ugogo wakhe njengoba isibonelo esihle. Abagcotshwa Princess Olga, e Naphezu kwazo zonke izono zakhe nangobulukhuni benhliziyo yabo, ngokuba liyisihlalo eziveza kokholo longcwele.

Uma ubheka uhlu oluphelele imiklomelo, elisungulwe Russia yasebukhosini, kuba sobala ukuthi umvuzo ezingavamile awuzange egqoke igama lomunye saint Orthodox. Futhi esiseqophelweni eliphezulu of the Empire, Russian iqanjwe kabusha, hhayi kuphela ngenxa uthando uPetru kumkakhe.

WeJubili kanye izindondo esiyisikhumbuzo. izimbangela

Zonke umahluko phakathi kwawo kwakukhona hhayi oda eziningi kangaka, kanjani izindondo eziningi futhi amabheji, ukukhumbula futhi akunakwenzeka ukuba uhlu - izinkulungwane kubo. uvele Iningi emva izenzakalo ezijabulisayo bemvelo zezombangazwe noma zempi. Uma sikhuluma ukhokho wobukhosi iqoqo premium, ngesandla ukukhanya kaPetru kwase kunesiqiniseko izindondo eziningi mcimbi. On kubo ungafunda umlando isimo Russian.

Ngakho, ngemva kokunqoba ngo Poltava impi, Battle of Gangut, Borodino, engunyaza izindondo ezifanele ukuba ukhishwa abantu ikakhulukazi ovelele abathintekayo kulezi nomkhankaso wempi. Ukudonsa Izmail, ekumeleleni Sevastopol, ukunqotshwa Napoleon at Austerlitz, Suvorov Ukuwela Alps. Konke lokhu - mlando yomlando, futhi ngayinye kuwo ekutshela oda osungulwe futhi izindondo of the Empire, Russian. Kuzoba kubalulekile ukuphawula yokuthi Russia - lizwe lokuqala European lapho izindondo kwanikezelwa hhayi kuphela phakathi kwababusi nezikhonzi asebekhulile, kodwa futhi amasosha abavamile.

Ukuqoqa imiklomelo: okwangempela futhi amakhophi

Ukuze umkhiqizo uMbusi akhiphe iziyalezo amagugu edingekayo namatshe ayigugu: igolide, i-platinum, isiliva, ngaphambili zenani kuphakame kakhulu kunalokho esikhathini sethu. Basuke ezivezwa Mint, izinto zokubala sasiqhutshelwa okukhulu kakhulu. Zamatshe I idayimane ethandwa kakhulu, inani lase futhi ibe ngeyamarubi, emeralds, oluluhlaza. Akubuzwa ukuthi okwangempela futhi imifanekiso yaso oda umbuso ngezikhali Russian esikhathini sethu ube ngalutho - ngaphandle iminyuziyamu abe ilukuluku enjalo abakwazi njalo ngalendoda, futhi eziningi zazo emhlabeni wonke.

Kuyihlazo futhi yini isigqoko ningi of them are ezimbalwa kuphela, kodwa ilungelo ukubona lokhu ubuhle has uqobo ngasinye. Uqinisile wabonisana umsunguli we ukuqoqwa "Order of the Empire, isiRashiya," "AIF" - ethandwa kakhulu eRussia futhi kulo lonke izwe elaliyiSoviet isikhala masonto onke. Ngaleso sikhathi, "Ingxabano kanye Amaqiniso" uye waba kakade isipiliyoni, futhi ngempela ngempumelelo, ukukhiqiza uchungechunge iphephabhuku amaqoqo ama-oda.

Amaqoqo we iphephandaba "Ingxabano kanye Amaqiniso"

Njengamanje, amakhulukhulu abantu baseRussia, ukufunda umlando wawo wobaba zabo, siye kakade safike kuboniswe omagazini futhi imiklomelo masonto onke adizaynwe ngokwezifiso nsé eSoviet Union. Kube e zabo amaphethini ukusetshenziswa umehluko eliphakeme eziningana kwamanye amazwe. Collection "Order of the Empire, isiRashiya," "AIF" yasungulwa futhi wadala eminyakeni embalwa edlule - entwasahlobo ka-2012, kodwa-ke kuye kwabangela kakade kwanyakaza esijana emibuthanweni ngalendoda.

Limelela ikhophi oda 22, ukudlulisa imininingwane esiqondile okwangempela, kodwa, ngokwemvelo, wenza metal elula ehlotshiswe enamels ashisayo. Le kit kuhlanganisa Order of omagazini, echaza ngokuningiliziwe umlando okuvela kuyo imiyalo, indondo uqobo, kanye uhlu wonke ngiyanibingelela evelele kunazo zonke futhi ovelele, eminyakeni ezahlukene, indondo ye uphawu umehluko. Ngaphandle kwalabo oda eziye engenhla, iqoqo lihlanganisa Ibheji futhi Star lezeMpi Order ngesithunzi, Order of St Anne, St Stanislaus, iSt John eJerusalema, St Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, nezinye izindondo eziningi. Zonke kubo, njengoba kuye kwashiwo, amabili nambili.

Izimpawu. Izinkanyezi. Order

Yokuklomela Order kusho nje kuphela ukukhuthaza ngobunjalo babo. Ayikho ingabi yigugu nakakhulu yiqiniso lokuthi oda wakhonza njengephayona uhlobo inzuzo eyengeziwe ukunyuswa, phambi ifa Order 1826 wabapha amandla okuba izikhulu sitholwa njengefa. Nokho, leli lungelo bese kwesokunxele okwesikhathi namanenekazi ezimbalwa imiklomelo eliphakeme.

Ama-oda esiphezulu Empire Russian phambi inguquko, kukhona amagama ayisishiyagalombili, kodwa amanye awo ayekade emazingeni eziningana. izimpawu ehlukile babe cross, izinkanyezi kuze kudabuke umhlane. UNongorwana lo Cross ukuthi exhunywe Sash, ezigugile phezu kwehlombe futhi zigqokwe ethangeni ezingeni lakhe. Star of the Order igqoke esifubeni. I ikhasethi umbala othile wayetshale ukubaluleka efanayo, njengoba esiphambanweni Star. Ngakho, esiseqophelweni eliphezulu has ezintathu nje bevumelana ngokuvamile igqoke kanyekanye. Luyingxenye umklomelo zesifazane, futhi kwakukhona labo possessed ngokulinganayo abantu kuzo zonke sithembele oda amalungelo.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe ziphephile - ukufakaza inkazimulo umbuso

I Russian Federation inezinto eziningi yinhlonipho ngenxa Museum, equkethe zobuciko ezingenakuthengwa ngamali inkazimulo esikhulu wobaba. Ngo omunye wabo - emnyuziyamu-lomcebo "Armoury" - ugcine okwangempela izingubo yenkosi, umqhele, izimpawu kungani umbuso waseRoma wawunamandla. ayisekho A uhlobo emnyuziyamu, indawo ekhiqiza izinto esingenantengo ukubaluleka wobuciko kanye zomlando. Order of the Empire, Russian uyakufanelekela emnyuziyamu ezinjalo, kodwa okwangempela zigcinwa imiklomelo bobukhosi ikakhulukazi emaqoqweni yangasese.

Okwamanje, kuphela kanye ukhetho okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthenga oda Okuyınqo, ababusi babewabheka Russian - ukuba khona kuyo yonke izinhlobo izindali, lapho kaningi uhlangabezana zokubhala. Kodwa abafisa ukuthenga kubo Kumelwe ukhumbule ukuthi kuzobiza imali eshisiwe. Iningi lethu ngempela kufinyeleleke kwemifanekiso zabo, ekhiqizwa eziningi izitolo ubucwebe. Lapho ukwenza amakhophi usebenzisa Alloys non-ayoni, zinhlayiya Swarovski. Imikhiqizo abe bezitolo kakhulu ukubaluleka kwezobuciko futhi zihamba phambili phakathi abaqoqi.

Ifa amandla enkulu, njengoba sibonakala ngokwanda osukwini lwethu

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, Ibheji of the Empire, Russian afakiwe futhi amabhande endwangu. Bonke kwadingeka umbala ehlukile umklomelo ngamunye. Ezintathu kuzo okuqondene Order of St George, St Andreya Pervozvannogo noSt Catherine (ngaphambili - Order of Liberation), zaziyigolide, zilungisiwe phetho ekhethekile - babe nezimpawu besikhathi sethu.

Inani St George iribhoni is ukuba ngamunye wethu eyaziwa - ke ngoSuku Ukunqoba Omkhulu phezu wobushiqela kuphinwe esifubeni zonke - kusukela komncane kuya ezinkulu. Andreev iribhoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ebomvu Catherine ngabe ngaqhubeka nayo. Eyingqayizivele izimpawu oda of the Empire, Russian ujwayelene kithi kusuka ebuntwaneni.

Ngo wokubusa ngokwezifiso kokuqala kukaPawulu wethulwa nika Grand Dukes wobhapathizo Order Andreya Pervozvannogo - Sash blue bababopha ngokushesha ngemva yokuqamba. Grand Duchess futhi wathola izindondo kudabuke - abomvu enomngcele igolide - izimpawu Order of St Catherine. Abasezikhundleni abafisa namadodakazi isiphetho izintokazi, yaletha ngokwezifiso ukuba agqoke okubomvu iribhoni wabhapathizwa namadodakazi abo. Isiko wehlele izikhathi zethu, kuba ubufakazi engcono kobukhulu ukubaluleka okusezingeni eliphezulu honours yasebukhosini.