Umlando-Eiffel Tower eParis

I Eiffel Tower, uphawu Paris, inomlando kuyinkimbinkimbi. Okokuqala, kungamukelwa ke asetshenziselwa, kodwa manje asikwazi wacabanga ngaphandle inhlokodolobha French kwalesi sakhiwo emangalisayo.

indawo

Uphawu odumile Paris, enika edolobheni umbono izwe ajwayelekile, isendaweni Field Mars, le eyayike yaba sebuthweni lezempi umbukiso phansi, eye ibe ipaki elihle. It ihlukaniswe yaba imizila, ehlotshiswe emachibini amancane futhi zezimbali. Abobulili umbhoshongo kuyinto ibhuloho Jena. Ngomusa openwork design iyabonakala kusukela amaphuzu abaningi baseParis, nakuba ekuqaleni kuhlelwe Eifel cha. Umbhoshongo kwadingeka ukuba enze umsebenzi munye - ukuba abe yokungena engavamile ukuba Fair Wezwe.

ukwamukelwa Project nokuqokwa design

Umlando i-Eiffel Tower waqala ngasekupheleni XIX leminyaka. Ngo-1889, i-World Expo owawuzoba inhlokodolobha French. Lo mcimbi kwakubaluleke kakhulu yezwe. Kwakuthinta yaqondaniswa ne eyikhulu Storming we Bastille , futhi kwakufanele kuhlale izinyanga ezingu-6.

Omunye wemigomo embukisweni - ukubonakaliswa emisha technical, ngakho abadali ukuncintisana emadokodweni, ogama iphrojekthi cishe ziyothambekela kakhudlwana ukubonakalisa esizayo. Ukungena embukisweni ayezoba lwaleli. Abakhi bacelwe ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa okusalungiswa, okuyinto ekhombisa amandla obuchwepheshe yezwe kanye nokufinyelela zobunjiniyela.

Nikezela iqhaza emncintiswaneni evela kubaphathi waseParis labangela ukuqala komkhakha wathola zonke ubunjiniyela kanye nomklamo bureau edolobheni, kufaka phakathi uGustave Eiffel. Wayengenaso izixazululo ngomumo eyenziwe, futhi wanquma ukufuna into efanelekayo kumaphrojekthi eziye umisiwe. Kunokuthile kuwo, bafumana indaba emfushane ka umbhoshongo, elaklanywa Maurice Keshlenom, umhleli yakhe. Nge ukwakhiwa Emile Nuge iphrojekthi yasayinwa futhi athunyelwe emncintiswaneni Eiffel. Engineer oqondileyo lokuqala lwaqala kanye Abadali yephrojekthi sobunikazi bese walithenga kusukela Keshla futhi Nuge. Ngakho, ilungelo elehlukile lefa phezu kwemibhoshongo wemidwebo wadlulela uGustave Eiffel.

Umncintiswano kwahlongozwa amaphrojekthi amaningi ezithakazelisayo futhi impikiswano, futhi umlando Eiffel Tower futhi ayikwazanga ukuqala. izinguquko Engineering eyenziwe design ukwenza kube zokuhlobisa more, futhi kwabazabalazayo ezine ezisele ekupheleni ikhomishana mncintiswano wazikhethela.

Eiffel Tower - ngonyaka we izigaba ekuqaleni ukwakhiwa kanye ukwakhiwa

Ukwakhiwa ukwakhiwa giant waqala ngoJanuwari 28, 1887. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa iminyaka emibili, izinyanga ezimbili nezinsuku ezinhlanu. Ngalezo zinsuku kwaba ngesivinini engakaze ibonwe. Lichaza zonke okusezingeni eliphezulu ngokunemba imidwebo, owawungumnyaka aqikelele ukuthi ubukhulu ngqo icaciswe imininingwane wokwakha ukwedlula 18 eziyinkulungwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kusheshe yomsebenzi, Eifel isicelo ingxenye prefabricated lombhoshongo. sibe izingalo ezimbili nengxenye kwezigidi ezingu izipikili yasetshenziswa ukuxhuma yonke imininingwane ukwakhiwa. Izingxenye pre-okulungiselelwe we izimbobo isipikili ziye yamba, futhi iningi labo liye laqiniswa, okuyinto isheshisa inhlangano.

Eiffel enikeziwe ukuba ngingehlelwa nangeyodwa kulezi imishayo zangaphambi kuvuna kanye nezinye izingxenye isakhiwo kungukuthi nesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani ayizigidi 3 - ngakho kulula ukuthi siphakamise Cranes. Lapho ukuphakama umbhoshongo uye ncane ubukhulu amadivayisi ephakamisa, baye basisize ka wezakhiwo-elakhelwe le Cranes mobile ukuthi ihlukene nabantu ethandana nabo komzila, esidalelwe ikheshi esizayo.

Okunzima kakhulu ingxenye for uGustave Eiffel ayisebenzi phezulu, ngezinye 300 metres engamamitha kanye nokwakhiwa yesikhulumi umbhoshongo kuqala. egcwele Sand-metal amasilinda ukusekela isisindo izinsika ezine ezintweni ezingafanele. Kancane kancane ukukhulula isihlabathi, bangakwazi isethwe sikhundla lengiyo. Lapho lokhu kwakwenziwa, yesikhulumi kuqala ukufakwa nendawo.

Izindleko kwemisebenzi ku ukwakhiwa basembhoshongweni kwaba abacishe babe izigidi ezingu-8 franc. izindleko Ukwakhiwa angase recouped ngesikhathi embukisweni (izinyanga 6).

Isisindo kanye nosayizi izakhiwo

Zingaki amamitha Eiffel Tower yayiphezulu futhi? Kwaba amamitha 300, futhi kwaba okuningi ukubabulala umcabango nge usayizi yayo le Statue of Liberty (93 amamitha ne egwadle isinyathelo).

Futhi amamitha eziningi kanjani okusezingeni eliphezulu Eiffel Tower has manje? Ngemva kokufaka i-antenna entsha kwaba 24 amamitha ephakeme. Ingqikithi yesisindo sezinto umbhoshongo kuyinto amathani ayinkulungwane 10. Nge ngamunye yokudweba sakhiwo bengqondo bukhula ngomunye amathani 60.

Isiphetho umbhoshongo emva embukisweni nesimo sengqondo baseParis

Ngaphansi inkontileka esayinwe Eiffel, umbhoshongo kwadingeka ukuqaqwa eminyakeni 20 emva ukwakhiwa. impumelelo yayo wako wawuvala izindlebe - ngesikhathi embukisweni abantu abayizithulu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili ngifuna ukubona ukwakhiwa elihlakaniphile ukuthi yayingekho efana emhlabeni. Kuwo lo nyaka, ke wakwazi recoup iningi izindleko zokwakha. Kodwa ukutuswa izivakashi wangaba nezazi okudala Paris. Eiffel Tower (France angazanga ezingaphezu kuka imibono ephikisanayo mayelana nanoma iyiphi enye insiza) okubangelwa bothola ukucasuka phakathi Abadwebi nabalobi. Babecabanga ugly, efana kushimula ifektri, washaywa uvalo lokuthi ke kungephula ukubukeka eziyingqayizivele Paris, yakhiwa eminyaka.

Umlando i-Eiffel Tower sesenza Ukudilizwa yayo, uma kungekhona ngenkathi umsakazo. On the antenna umsakazo efakiwe ukwakha izindlu nezinye izakhiwo imzuzele abalulekile value amasu. On kubhidlizwe umbhoshongo manje ayengakwazi ukukhuluma. Ngo-1906, i-Eiffel Tower ibekwe isiteshi somsakazo, kwathi ngo-1957 kwaba khona antenna TV phezu yayo.

Incazelo-Eiffel Tower kanye nezizathu izici of isakhiwo sayo

Esitezi kuyinto ukwakhiwa iphiramidi. Lakhiwa izinsika ezine ezintweni ezingafanele. On kubo oba isikwele okokuqala (65 amamitha amabili ububanzi) platform lombhoshongo. Isekela axhunyiwe ngu arched tracery vaults. Ephakeme ezinsikeni ezine iyingxenyekazi yesibili. I izinsika ezine umbhoshongo uqale Ziyathandelana bese uxhuma ku ikholomu omkhulu. Kuyinto yesikhulumi wesithathu. Ngenhla kuba yesibani kanye ebaleni lokudlala encane kancane kuka imitha ububanzi.

Esitezi sokuqala, okuyinto wayezelwe wezakhiwo, yokudlela elise. Ngosuku lwesibili, kunesinye yokudlela futhi isitsha nge uwoyela lubricating wokugcinwa zommbila. Esitezi sesithathu sanikelwa lab (yezinkanyezi kanye Meteorological).

Ukuze ukuma okungavamile basembhoshongweni ngesikhathi Eifel wagxekwa. Eqinisweni, unjiniyela brilliant and umklami kwaba azi kahle ukuthi isakhiwo enjalo ephakeme ingozi eyinhloko umoya onamandla. Umklamo kanye ukuma umbhoshongo zenzelwe ukumelana okusezingeni eliphezulu emoyeni imithwalo.

Eiffel Tower: amaqiniso ethakazelisayo uphawu odumile Paris

U-Adolf Hitler ngesikhathi bevinjezelwe yaseFrance amabutho aseJalimane wavakashela Paris futhi wafuna ukukhuphuka Eiffel Tower. Kodwa ilungelo ngaphambi kokufika idrayivu ikheshi iye kulimala, futhi ukulungisa akunakwenzeka ezimweni impi. Umholi eJalimane wayengakwazi ukukhuphuka umbhoshongo. Ngemva ukukhululwa kuka-French dolobha Phakamisa wathola ngemva kwamahora ambalwa.

Umakhi i-Eiffel Tower wayekhathazeke kakhulu zokuphepha, njengoba umsebenzi wenziwa endaweni engamamitha eliphezulu kakhulu. Emlandweni ukwakhiwa, azikho abasebenzi elahlekile - sekuyinto impumelelo ngoba leyo minyaka.

Nge-Eiffel Tower futhi izenzakalo ezingemnandi ezihambisana - ngo-2009 yena waklonyeliswa indawo yesithathu ngokuthandwa phakathi abazibulalayo.

Ukuze repaint umbhoshongo, kuzothatha iminyaka eyikhulu nengxenye zokusebenzela kanye amathani 60 kapende.

Ngosuku umbhoshongo ibusa ugesi kakhulu ngendlela edolobhaneni eyikhulu izindlu.

Paris uphawu abadumile inezidingo nombala lobunikazi - "Eiffel nsundu". He is eduze le lethusi umthunzi izakhiwo ukwakhiwa.

Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-300 amakhophi umbhoshongo abadumile. Eziningi kuzo yilezi eRussia: e Moscow, Krasnoyarsk, Perm, Voronezh futhi Irkutsk.

Eiffel Tower isiko

Oyingqopha-mlando baye baba izisulu isithakazelo abaculi, izimbongi, ababhali kanye nabaqondisi.

Umlando i-Eiffel Tower ezilotshwe imithombo documentary, nezikhathi zayo kungenzeka esizayo liye kuboniswe opholile ezibhubhisayo. Omunye amafilimu ezithakazelisayo kakhulu - documentary "Ikusasa iplanethi: ukuphila ngemva abantu." Kubonisa ukuthi ngaphandle yesondlo isikhathi eside ne-Eiffel Tower ngeke bakwazi ukumelana nezitha zayo eziyinhloko: nokugqwala nomoya. Ngemva cishe 150-300 neminyaka okuyingxenye layo elingenhla ezingeni yesikhulumi wesithathu ziyowa futhi bawe.

Kodwa iningi Eiffel Tower kungabonwa ku imidwebo abaculi. Zhan Bero, owaziwa ngokuba uhlobo yakhe imidwebo esibonisa yokuphila kwansuku zonke kwa-Paris, wadala Umdwebo "Emhlabeni Eiffel Tower", okuyinto Parisienne simangele ucabangela isakhiwo omkhulu. Baningi imisebenzi enikelwe ukudalwa Eiffel Mark Shagal.

isiphetho

Omunye izakhiwo liyabonakala kakhulu emhlabeni iyona Eiffel Tower. IFrance kufanele uyaziqhenya lolu phawu emangalisayo eParis. Imibono evela phezulu embhoshongweni edolobheni, ngetempeli elihle khulu.

Ngizibuke yiluphi usuku - ekudalweni okhazimulayo uGustave Eiffel futhi livulekele izivakashi ngezimpelasonto.