Imali: definition izimbangela

Imali, kwencazelo iluphi okuzoxoxwa ngalo ngezansi, uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ulimi emakethe, ngoba ngosizo lwabo wenza izinsiza wesifunda futhi izimpahla. Abathengi ukuthenga izimpahla ezivela abakhiqizi, okuyinto ke anike imali izinsiza enikeziwe kubo nguwonkewonke. ihlelwe kahle futhi isebenza kahle uhlelo yemali kuqinisekisa ukuzinza ukukhiqizwa kazwelonke, ukusimama kanye ukusebenza okugcwele.

Ngakho-ke yini imali? definition Economic Lithi kuyinto isilinganiso yenani lezimpahla. Kungenxa ngokusebenzisa imali thina ukukala bese uqhathanisa izindleko izinkonzo ezihlukahlukene umkhiqizo. Kodwa kukhona into efana "intengo imali." Kuchazwa kunzima ukunikeza. Konke kuncike ukuthi kusho ukuthini igama elithi "imali." Iqiniso lokuthi leli gama zezimali enezici, and definition komuntu ngenhla, bona ngokugcwele incazelo yegama elithi engenakwenzeka. Ake baqonde ukuthi imali. Futhi ziyini lezo zinto.

Lezi imali ezahlukene. Ukunqunywa M1

Ngiphakathi zezomnotho noma izikhulu akazange avumelane ngokuthi umbono ezivamile mayelana izingxenye M1. Lolu phawu lukhomba supply imali, okuyinto inezigaba 2:

1. Imali (kokubili iphepha nensimbi), eziqhutshwa wonke amanxusa kwezomnotho, ngaphezu amabhange.

2. ezifakwa (ezifakwa kokuhlola) e ukonga amabhange, ngamabhange nezikhungo nezinye yokonga, lapho ungakwazi amasheke.

Ngakho, ukheshi - lena izikweletu we uhulumeni nezinhlaka zakhe, futhi uhlole imali - nezikweletu thrifts futhi ngamabhange.

Kuyini imali? definition M2

Esemthethweni credit okubekwe ngayo ebanzi kwahlongozwa yiminyango. M2 = M1 + ukonga ama-akhawunti (beschekovye) + idiphozi akhawunti, imali emakethe + isikhathi ezifakwa (ngaphansi kuka-100 000 $) + mutual funds imali emakethe. Iphuzu eliyinhloko liwukuthi zonke izingxenye M2 isigaba, ungakwazi kalula futhi ngaphandle nokulahlekelwa ukuguqula imali noma hlola imali.

Imali: kwencazelo M3

Incazelo yesithathu - M3 - owaziwa yokuthi fixed eside ezigcine (phezu $ 100,000), ngokuvamile atholakala ifa ibhizinisi izakhiwo ifomu of izitifiketi zezimali ezitshaliwe kakhulu, kalula kusebenza imali isheke. Kulezi izitifiketi imakethe yangasese lapho bangakwazi ukuthenga noma ukuthengisa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Kodwa kuwufanele ukukhumbula mayelana ingozi ukulahleka kungenzeka. Ukungeza isikhathi ezifakwa ukuba M2 isigaba, sithola ifomula lwesithathu ukucacisa imali: M3 = M2 + isikhathi ezifakwa (phezu $ 100,000).

Izimbangela amayunithi yemali

Izimbangela zokungezwani lalala umkhiqizo, nokuningi ngokungenaphutha ukuphikisana phakathi intengo nokusetshenziswa inani layo:

- izindleko ezidayiswayo konke quantitatively incommensurable futhi qualitatively ahlukahlukene futhi ube ntshashintshe usizo. Pies kanye amabhuzu hhayi kuphela bheka, kodwa futhi wenza abameleli ukuzibonakalisa ezahlukene;

- Inani imikhiqizo quantitatively ukuqhathaniswa neminye homogenous. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi exchange ingafaniswa futhi akhiwa ngezinto ezithandeka kakhulu.

Ukuphikisana yangaphakathi lezimpahla avele kuphela inqubo exchange. Futhi ngeke lihlolwe ngaphandle kokufaka emakethe. Indlela kuphela okuyinto ukukala wentengo - ukuqhathanisa ke kweminye imikhiqizo. izindleko inkulumo phezu ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla ibizwa ngokuthi i value exchange, lube nezigaba f uthi ukuthuthukiswa okuholela zangaphandle polarities ukuthunyelwa yangaphakathi ukuhweba izingxabano futhi, ngokuvamile, - ukuze uphikise imali nempahla.