Umlando yentuthuko kukhompyutha: mlando ukhiye.

Umlando yentuthuko ikhompyutha lihlotshaniswa namagama ososayensi abaqavile ababehamba ngokuqiniseka sifinyelele umgomo walo - lula ngokucubungula yizenzo zabantu ngosizo imishini.

Umlando yentuthuko ikhompyutha. imishini ngokubala

Blez Paskal (1623-1662). Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, usosayensi abasha isungule onobuhle ezingaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu imishini Computing, ezama ukusiza uyise kubhekwe izintela. Ngo 1645 edala "Pascaline", okuyinto enze nekususa.

Gotfrid Vilgelm Leybnits (1646-1716) ezihlongozwayo umshini kubalwa, anibizela umshini ngokungeza. Yena kwenziwe yonke imisebenzi izibalo.

Charlz Bebbidzh (1792-1872) - umshini wokuqala ohlelweni-elawulwa kwakucishe isiqediwe futhi laliyizingxenye ezimbili: ukubala futhi uprinte. Ngafaka phambili umqondo eside memory umshini futhi processor. Usosayensi Umsizi Augusta Ada Lavleys isungule uhlelo emhlabeni yokuqala computer.

Umlando yentuthuko ikhompyutha. Imibono emisha nezinto ezintsha.

Herman Hollerith (1829 - 1896) - yasungulwa ngo-1888 yi-tabulator - unezela mshini ngesishintshi kagesi. Asetshenziswa ukuthuthukiswa Punch amakhadi Jaccard.

Ngeminyaka 1900 e ekukhiqizweni kuhlanganisa calculators mechanical futhi kamuva electromechanical.

Ihlathi - 1906 - kudalwa emithathu electrode cleaner tube (triode). Ukutholakala kwaleli qiniso kamuva okwakuzoba yisikhungo Umfutho ukudalwa ikhompyutha.

Konrad Tsuze (eJalimane) yasungulwa entsha, mechanical, sisebenzise ulwazi ngo-1938 i-binary code. Ngo-1941 wabonakala ngesisekelo udlulisela electromechanical, okuyinto kubhekwa ngowokuqala computer uhlelo upravlyamym. Yena ukwenza izibalo, kuhlanganise iphuzu elintantayo.

Dzhon Mochli futhi Presper Eckert - ngo-1946 ePennsylvania ithuthukiswe computer yokuqala. Wabizwa ngokuthi ENIAC, wahileleka ukuzilawula ngokuzenzekelayo ihlelwa.

Dzhon Fon Neyman (1903-1957) - sezibalo ngubani washayelwa isimiso 'yohlelo egcinwe ".

1949 - Cambridge University - entsha ngesiNgisi EDSAK kwadingeka zonke izingxenye amakhompyutha zesimanje ze-elekthroniki.

Umlando yentuthuko ikhompyutha. Eyokuqala Soviet.

Ngo-1951, kwaba khona SECM (amancane electronic Computing umshini), okuyinto lakhiwe ososayensi ngaphansi kobuholi Lebedev endaweni yokugeza eduze Kiev. Kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yasungulwa, nabanye, okuhamba phambili kwe-okuyinto e sixties kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso ikhompyutha "M-20" (wadala ngaphansi kobuholi SA Lebedev), owakhonza njengelungu imisebenzi ngomzuzwana ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili.

Umlando ukuvela amakhompyutha. Esizukulwaneni ngesizukulwane.

Ezamakhompiyutha of isizukulwane sokuqala (iminyaka 50-60 yekhulu lamashumi amabili). The main element - tube cleaner. Umthamo elikhulu (lithathe indawo yalo endaweni 170 square metres) isisindo umshini (amathani angu-30). Abaqambi sinqume kwesiyingi computer izingxenye eziyinhloko: iprosesa, inkumbulo, amadivaysi okufakwayo-okukhiphayo.

Ikhompyutha isizukulwane sesibili (iminyaka 60-65 yekhulu lamashumi amabili). Elementi base - Semiconductor transistors. Memory Umthamo (izinhliziyo kazibuthe) anda izikhathi 32, ijubane lenyuka izikhathi 10. Nciphisa ubukhulu nesisindo izimoto, ukwethembeka kuye kwanda. Algol, FORTRAN, COBOL, okwenza izinhlelo dalneysheesovershenstvovanie kungenzeka, izilimi ezintsha izinhlelo ezakhiwa ezibalulekile. Phakathi nale nkathi, wadala IO processor iqala ukusetshenziswa wokusebenza.

amakhompyutha oyisizukulwane sesithathu ((iminyaka 1965-1970) washintsha base-elementi transistors ku izifunda ehlangene. Kuyaphawuleka yanciphisa usayizi lwamakhompyutha, value abo. Manje ungasebenzisa izinhlelo amaningi umshini olulodwa. Ngezenzo ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo.

kwesizukulwane sesine amakhompyutha (1970-1984 biennium) Ushintsho base element -. oku chip olulodwa amashumi ezinkulungwane izinto. Ukusatshalaliswa abalulekile base umsebenzisi.

Umlando alandelayo ukuthuthukiswa zekhompyutha ICT ezihlobene ngcono microprocessors, ukuthuthukiswa microcomputers abantu abangabodwana ngumnikazi. Stiv Voznyak bahlakulele mass computer ekhaya kuqala, bese - computer yokuqala siqu.