Ngubani Levitan Isaka Ilich?

Isaak Ilich Levitan - omkhulu Russian landscape umdwebi, ngubani abangamaJuda. Kodwa ngubani Levitan.

ukuphila Early

Ngo 1860, umndeni kwakhiwa Umthengisi Jewish Ili Levitana wazalelwa indodana yesibili, u-Isaka. emkhayeni ompofu futhi esengozini khona esidabukisayo aphila kulesi sikhathi e Lithuania edolobheni Khirbat. Ilya Levitan kwaba umhumushi, izilimi wafundisa. Ngo beyofuna ukuphila okungcono, bona sonke sathuthela e-Moscow. Ukuba khona umndeni akazange abe ngcono. Akha onqenqemeni sesine of efulethini elincane. Kwakungekho imali ngaso sonke. Izingane azikwazanga ngisho ukuya esikoleni, ngoba kwakungekho lutho ukukhokha. UBaba ngokwakhe eyingoduso nabo.

Eminyakeni 13, u-Isaka wangena School BaseMoscow Painting kanye Ukuqopha. Akapholisanga maseko akazange anqikaze wanquma ukuthi kungaba komdwebi landscape. Ngisho flatlet yabo elihluphayo kwakukuhle ngoba kuwo isikhathi eside zikwazi ukujabulela ukushona kwelanga.

Lapho u-Isaka wayeneminyaka engamashumi nanhlanu ubudala, unina eshona. Futhi ngemva kweminyaka emibili, waphathwa ze-typhus, noyise washona. Ngesikhathi esifanayo yagula ne-typhus kanye no-Isaka, kodwa waphinde walulama ngokomoya, kodwa imiphumela ziye zathinta yonke yokuphila - wayengumuntu impilo yakhe ayiyinhle. Njengoba abasindile, ababulawa indlala, ezincane ezine ngaphandle usizo lwezimali, eyaziwa kuphela ngokwabo. Ngiphakathi Isaka noma umfowabo phakade angitshelanga muntu lutho lokwatiwako ngekuphila kwakhe kuya enkathini yokuthomba. Mhlawumbe ezidla kangaka futhi ungemuhle babe izinkumbulo yabo.

Lesi sikole

Okokuqala Levitan wafunda ngaphansi Vasily Perov, kodwa efunda ibanga lesine ke eklasini lakho landscape abamenyiwe Alexei Savrasov. Levitan wafunda kalula, kodwa kusekuningi asafuna ayesebenza isikhathi eside futhi kanzima. Imidwebo nguye iminyaka engu-16, "Autumn. I emgwaqweni oya edolobheni elincane "futhi" Ubusuku "manje Tretyakov Igalari. Bese esikoleni sabo kugujwa indondo esiliva , kanye nosizo imali.

Ukuphuma amaJuda evela eMoscow

Ngo-1879, umthetho wakhishwa amaJuda elesabekayo bahlala inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia lasendulo. Ngubani Levitan? Outlaw, ongeyena indawo lapho ugcwele zokuphila. Abazalwane wahlala eduze eMoscow endaweni iholide e Saltykovka. Izindawo kwakukhona enhle. Yini enye kufanele landscape umdwebi? Paint futhi ngendwangu, futhi mhlawumbe nje uthathe ipeni nephepha, emifanekiso, uyinki, ipeni. Noma yini zingakhiqiza ukuqeqeshwa zethu ezingokwenyama isimo isithombe bemvelo, isimo salo. Kodwa Levitan nsuku iya eMoscow. Futhi akumangalisi. Ngesikhathi lombukiso 1879 ethulwa ngokudweba "Autumn suku. Sokolniki ". It wabhalela insikazi sibalo umzalwane Nicholas laseChekhov. Isithombe-Elegy sisheshe sizazise, walithenga P. Tretyakov. Ngo Levitan kungekho "uhambo-ngokusebenzisa" imisebenzi. Uthi namanje ukufunda, kodwa lokho owandile ezahlukene imibala phezu ngendwangu, "Oak", engenisa ukukhanya kwelanga! Painter kakhulu ebucayi ukuze izinguquko ezincane selitholakala ngokwemvelo futhi uyakwazi babanike. Kodwa futhi ithalente noma amakhono Levitan awuzange ungivumele ukuba uthole ekupheleni zesikole 1885 isihloko mculi. Ngubani Levitan ngemva kwesikole? Thishela ka calligraphy.

Ujwayele laseChekhov

Ngemva kokuthola iziqu ekolishi noma idiploma, ayikho imali Isaka Levitan wayengekho. Wahlala eduze eMoscow eduze Babkino lapho izivakashi umndeni laseChekhov. Lapha okokuqala ukuhlangabezana Anton laseChekhov no-Isaka Ilich. Ngu Levitan iyagula umngane wakhe uMichael laseChekhov kuholele udokotela yomfowabo. Njengoba isingeniso yabo kuyokwenzeka. Levitan Kuvaliwe futhi osolisayo ngokoqobo bukhule, ukuzihlanganisa nomndeni yokwamukela futhi bejabule laseChekhov, lapho konke ilungele ukwenza amahlaya ngezinto ezingokoqobo futhi ezisunguliwe, futhi nguye ngubhongoza Anton Pavlovich. Injabulo kanye ukumamatheka zokuphila azogeleza esukela canvas "Birch Grove" oqala lapha ukuze ubhale Isaak Ilich Levitan. Umlando wakhe futhi laseChekhov zivame munye. Lapha saqhubeka simemezela uthando lwakhe ubunjalo isiRashiya, elula futhi ukucasha, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ngokumangalisayo Yenamani ukuziqinisa nokuba nombono. LaseChekhov eMoscow imvelo isikhashana njengamanje waqala ngokuthi "levitanistoy". Ngemva kwesikhashana ubapha A. P. Chehovu Isaak Ilich Levitan ngesithombe oqoshiwe. Ukusondela abaculi ababili bathi futhi imidwebo ezimbili ezincane, umculi awunika umbhali. Omunye ibizwa ngokuthi "Umfula Istra" kanti eyesibili - ". Isihlahla se-oki kanye birch" On ku ngemuva sehlozi ihlathi, indlela ewumngcingo, eduze okuyinto-oki enamandla, nimkhonze, ninamathele kuye ninobubele mncane ezimhlophe birch kancane. Bobabili namathafa ngaphezu edeskini Anton Pavlovich kanye isithombe umculi.

"Birch Grove"

Konke kule line ukudoba ugcwele ukukhanya. Wathela indishi, udlala ku iziqu, abenze okuhle kodwa futhi mhlophe. Ilanga lingena amaqabunga, yonke imithi ifinyelela kuye futhi basked ngaphansi sikukhanyisela ngemisebe yaso. Yisimanga shades eziningi kanjani ka green atholakala umculi ngomsebenzi wakhe. Kuphela eyinkimbinkimbi master Umdwebi ingasebenza cishe amabili imibala ngaphandle kokudala umbukeli umbono monotony nobumpofu umbala Palette. Kunalokho - ligcwele futhi akusho uhlangane mass eyodwa. A bluebells bluish ongaphambili baqinise umbono namanzi utshani abasha elaligcwele utshani.

ECrimea empilweni umdwebi sika

Ngalesi sikhathi, maphakathi nawo-80s, isimo sezimali umdwebi, ngemva wayesebenza at Mammoth, kodwa impilo yakhe is eziwohlokayo, kanye nezichibiyelo zayo, waya eCrimea. Kube lokuqala Wajabula wabhala umsebenzi romantic, bese, njengoba uvumile izincwadi ukuze laseChekhov, unesizungu eNorth. Weza emuva ukubeka namathafa YaseCrimea ( "I-Tatar emathuneni. ECrimea", "olwandle ogwini. ECrimea", "Ai-Petri", "I-Crimean landscape", "Ngo-YaseCrimea Izintaba") phezu embukisweni eMoscow. Bonke badayise ezinsukwini zokuqala. Impilo ezaholela Isaka Ilich Levitan, biography nezithombe isinyathelo umculi ngesinyathelo echazwe esihlokweni.

ohambweni isikebhe

uhambo Okokuqala iVolga, umkhankaso entwasahlobo ka-1887, akuphumelelanga. Kwaba sezulu kancane grey, yezimvula abandayo. On the iVolga imimoya enamandla. Edumele wabuyela. IVolga kodwa kungekho nayinye yalezo imifula kungenziwa ukhohliwe. Ngonyaka olandelayo, waphinde wahamba eya iVolga. Lapha wathola idolobha benzisa, endaweni okuyinto eziye zafaka umfutho ukudalwa ngaphezu konyaka owodwa. I "Kusihlwa phezu iVolga" kancane futhi esabekayo egeleza emfuleni ububanzi makhulu. Ayikho nakuphela noma emaphethelweni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi ihlathi, ngisho ngokugqamile ebonakalayo. Umi ogwini okuphambene bluish strip inamagquma ekubuthweni kuqala ukuhwalala, futhi ancibilike, kuphenduke strip mncane. IVolga buthule. amanzi bayo bubonisa amafu kusihlwa. Kuphela ephezulu okusezingeni eliphezulu ukukhanya kukhanya yegolide nokushona kwelanga, esemgwaqweni ngemuva umdwebi.

"Ngemva Rain. Benzisa ", 1889

emfuleni nje makhulu. Kodwa konke okukuwo wageza esidlule emvuleni nokukhanya ukukhanya isici silvery. Lokhu nobumsulwa enyakaza phezu komfula ukukhunjuzwa izimvula owanikhipha sokuvuselela nemvelo. Abantu ukwethula ngokungaqondile. Ukuxhumana nabo ngokusebenzisa i-cityscape le kude, futhi izikebhe izikebhe ogwini. Poetical futhi spiritualized emhlabeni okuvezwayo. Alo, ngubani-Levitan? He is imbongi, ngubani wasiphakamisa ibhulashi hhayi ngamazwi, kodwa imibala kanye iphethini kusikisela ngokuvumelana, okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka.

Izikhangibavakashi ziye eNtshonalanga Yurophu okwesikhashana

Ngo 1889-1890 GG. Levitan uthunyelwa ngijwayele Umdwebo yesimanje eFrance nase-Italy. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wabona imisebenzi abaculi we Barbizon School kanye Impressionists, Levitan ngokwakhe wabhala namathafa amaningi. Nokho, ekupheleni uhambo uye kwabaphoqelela bahlehla nyovane ekhaya, wonke umkhaya ukuthi wayazi futhi wazizwa yonke inhliziyo yami.

Inkathi iphakama ukudala izindinganiso ezingokomoya

Nineties - sokuthuthwa kwempahla art Levitan. Yebo, futhi umculi ngokwakhe. Ubelokhu ekhona enhle, kodwa manje sekuwumkhuba indoda nenhle okwathi ngalé, idonse ukuzwela zabantu kanye uju. amehlo bakhe bakhanya, ngokuvumelana Chaliapin, "umphefumulo ezingavamile senkondlo." Ngo-1890, Levitan wabhala "wahlala ethulile", okuyinto zihlanganiswa uchungechunge okuvelayo umculi sika benzisa futhi eMoscow zezindela, kubonakala indoda Russian ngokuphindaphindiwe, futhi imbangela, umbono laseChekhov sika, isifiso ahambe phambili futhi okwengeziwe kwelanga olwandle sindiso okumsulwa. Levitan, like ubani omunye, wavula imfihlakalo bemvelo isiRashiya, ubuhle bayo ethule.

izinkinga Siqu

I iVolga Levitan awuhambanga wedwa. Phakathi kwezinye umculi yayo ephelezelwa C. Kuvshinnikova. Le ntokazi wathwalwa yizingelosi yokubonisana uthando futhi unothando Isaak Ilich Levitan. Biography of inoveli yakhe agcwaliswa nge lady ethafeni, kodwa nenhle futhi abahlakaniphile kwaba abaphezulu yakhe ngeminyaka 12. Mayelana nabo baqala ukukhuluma. Ngemva Kuvshinnikova wayeshade udokotela. A. P. chehov wabhala indaba "nentethe", lapho bebona lo mbhangqwana. A Levitan bekhubeka futhi ngahlukana elala laseChekhov. Bona ukubuyisana TL-Shchepkina Kupernik. Kodwa ngo-Levitan kwaba ukubuyisana esisemthethweni, ngoba wathukuthela kangangokuthi wafuna Duel. Ngakho lapha kwaba hypochondriac Isaak Ilich Levitan. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo yokuphila kwakhe nazo ezihambisana ne laseChekhov. Charming Levitan kwaba entree endlini Senator Turchaninova. Yena Wathunjwa nomkakhe, indodakazi oyilungu lephalamende sika wathandana Levitan. Ngalesi sikhathi, kunanini ngaphambili, Levitan zaveza namanje Lifes izimbali. Khona-ke akhanga ukuhambela kwakhe ifilimu "Mashi", okubonisa izindlu Turchaninova. Lena ebusika elikhanyayo ngasekupheleni, elalikade akekho oke wabona. It Snow White, le siyakhazimula sky blue, izithunzi okwesibhakabhaka iqhwa. Ngemva Levitan waba isisusa ngokuvamile aphindaphindwe imidwebo Juon futhi Grabar. Emuva e Turchaninova endlini. Kulesi inoveli Wangenela abasha ngempela engenamsebenzi intombazane, futhi ubonisa Levitan aphume ukulinganisela, nomculi ngisho esingu. LaseChekhov wazizwa lolu hlobo theatricality njengoba isilonda kwakungelona sina ekuphileni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuleli qophelo Levitan wabulala seagull, okuyinto endlini baliphonsa ezinyaweni abesifazane. Kwaba isenzakalo tragicomic okwakukhona Isaak Ilich Levitan. Amaqiniso yokuphila umculi waqala A. P. Chehova ngiyibona zokudala futhi kubonakala play "We-seagull."

"Ngesikhathi pool" (1892)

Ngalesi sikhathi, Levitan ngokuthi romance yabo kuhluleke Kuvshinnikova futhi Turchaninova futhi afakwa ngemvelo imizwa yakho yangaphakathi. Alamu - lokhu luyisisusa esiyinhloko yalo msebenzi, ohlanganisa la. Kulezi ezindaweni ezifanayo futhi Pushkin wabhala "mermaid" yakhe.

"Vladimirka" (1892)

iziboshwa Endless umgwaqo eSiberia. Kungakhathaliseki abantu sezulu bagwetshwe kanzima ngamaketanga phezu expanses okukhulu ngaphansi elangeni elishisa bhe futhi ukuthululwa abandayo imvula yasekwindla nemvula. Lokhu eliyincithakalo ipheshana Levitan bajabula kakhulu kangangokuthi ayekhona izinsuku kwamaseshini ambalwa ku umoya ofanayo ngesineke futhi banikeza Pavel Tretyakov.

"Ukuphumula Waphakade" (1894)

Cape agugile indlwana emathuneni. Umoya egoba izihlahla nomzimba omncane, futhi kubonakala sengathi kancane xaxa uyoqhuba futhi igceke lesonto, futhi isonto elincane. Bezbrezhen bomkhathi echibini ngaphansi esibhakabhakeni ngamafu elengayo phambili. ubunjalo akanandaba indoda umi phakade. It kubangela usizi futhi ukucabanga melancholy phezu okuphakade - sendoda wedwa, ubuncane bakhe nobukhulu emkhathini grand. Man azizwa Ucezwana universe. isithombe a esiqinile futhi icacile. Izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu ngendwangu kuthatha esibhakabhakeni. Kuphela Dome of the yesonto, sibhekiswe esibhakabhakeni, okuphikisana amandla izakhi. Ukholo ngokholo lodwa kuyosiza umuntu asinde.

"Spring. Amanzi okuphezulu "(1897)

Eminyakeni yokugcina umdwebi - ingabe ukwanda elikhulu. Ayikho indlela ukuchaza konke ayekwenzile ngesikhathi Isaak Ilich Levitan, omsebenzi wakhe ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. izinkondlo Lyric nokukhanya - owakhe lo msebenzi "Spring. amanzi Big ". Kusukela ebuntwaneni, entwasahlobo wayezinika isikhathi ozithandayo sonyaka. Ngakho indoda unworldly lihlabelela ingoma ukuze ubuhle abuyé okhanyayo sky blue, amanzi-azure, mncane ukukhanya zemithi. Lapha, kuleli zwe Enchanted, banqoba ukuthula nokulondeka, okuyinto ancibilikisa ubani kulethwa ukubheka lo mdwebo. Ngakho, ngubani Levitan? Umdwebi-isazi sefilosofi, umculi kanye umbhali wamazwi ngubani engcono ukwazi ukuveza ubuhle Russian ongaphakeme-key nemvelo futhi charm yayo ethule.

Isifo senhliziyo wadlulisela ukuphila umdali Kuthe eseneminyaka engamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalolunye. Washona ngo-1900. Too ekuseni wafa Isaak Ilich Levitan. Ukudala, zonke imidwebo, evelele kunazo zonke, sazama ahlaziye, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa main - ikhono lakhe ukugcwalisa umoya wokuphila imisebenzi yakhe. Manje umlotha walo basesimweni Novodevichy Amathuna eMoscow.