Kuyini Renaissance? SUMMARY ukuzimisela umongo zomlando

Renaissance sobuhle bayo kwadingeka kunethonya elikhulu endleleni elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni imibhalo emhlabeni nezobuciko. Uyini Renaissance njengoba okuqinisekile? Igama ngokwalo lisho ukuthi "ukuzalwa ngokusha" futhi izimpande Italian nesiFulentshi. Lesi sikhathi ngaphambi isiko isikhathi okusha kuziwa esikhundleni Ephakathi.

Renaissance: inshokutsi incazelo yaleli zwi

I eseduze isikhathi ifreyimu - kusuka 14 kuya 17 leminyaka, emazweni ahlukahlukene ngezindlela ezahlukene. Umehluko omkhulu evela kweminye nangenkathi - isiko wokuziphilisa futhi sikhalo salo kumuntu (anthropocentrism). Ngomfutho ovuselelwe wabonakaliswa isithakazelo isiko Antiquity. Kuyinto uhlobo imvuselelo yayo. Ngakho igama elithi. Ubonakala kwekhulu le-19. Ngo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke-ke owake wangena French umholi Zhyul Mishle. Inzwa ngokomfanekiso kwegama elithi Renaissance kusho ehilela ukuvuselelwa kwamasiko, igama elithi isetshenziswa ibuphi ubudala.

Kuyini Renaissance?

Ukunqunywa Renaissance, njengoba uhlobo oluthize Paradigm entsha kwamasiko Kuvezwe ngenxa izinguquko emhlabeni wonke nokuphila social Europe ngaleso sikhathi. Sekube ukuwa waseByzantium, futhi ezinye izakhamuzi ngalesi simo baye wabalekela eYurophu, ukuthatha naye eziningi umtapo nemisebenzi yobuciko. Phakathi kwabo - eziningi zakudala eyinhloko ukuthi babe bonobumba eYurophu Ephakathi. Nge ukwakheka nokukhula lizisho, ukuvela amakilasi social mahhala ababazi kancane kancane wabhubhisa value system, amasiko athile medieval (ikakhulukazi - esontweni, ukuphendukela kuNkulunkulu, ezincisha injabulo futhi ethobekile). Izimpawu zokuqala eziqondene nezidingo zomuntu, okuyinto kubhekwa ukuthi ungubani ngempela umuntu endaweni yokuqala, aqondiswa ku inkululeko yakhe, umsebenzi asebenzayo wokudala yomuntu.

Ikhanga Antiquity

Yaqala ukuvela izikhungo wokuziphilisa yobuciko nesayensi, nimelana ukulawula Church nangale ke. Renaissance yalelozwe libhekisela endulo, kule nkathi wabona isibonelo wokubhekela izidingo zomuntu kanye ukuntuleka austerity. Umshini wokunyathelisa, yasungulwa ngekhulu le-15, odlala indima eqakathekileko yokwanda imithombo eyinhloko lasendulo, futhi nabo - the ukubukwa entsha wonke eYurophu. Kulezi esanda ephrintiwe amaphepha izingqondo okuqhubekayo ukuze ufunde ukuthi ekuvuselelweni ezinjalo. kwezindinganiso zokuziphatha eziyisisekelo zayo: wokubhekela izidingo zomuntu kanye isikhalazo womuntu ngamunye womuntu, imizwa elula abantu, ngisho isithombe yezihloko saphezulu.

ngezigaba

Kuyini Renaissance esimeningcondvo nesikhathi esishiwo? Customary ukuhlukanisa izigaba ezine Yenguquko:

1. Protorenessans (13 ekhulwini) lihlotshaniswa ukulungiswa Renaissance, Romanesque futhi Gothic medieval amasiko (e-Italy, Florence). abameleli abavelele kukhona Giotto, Arnolfo di Cambio, Benotstso Gotstsoli. Umdwebo - umkhaya Pisano. Giotto kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso wezinguquko yokudweba (manje Renaissance kamuva), ukugcwalisa amafomu zenkolo kokuqukethwe wokuziphilisa ngokufaka ngakuthathu izibalo, esibonisa ingaphakathi. Ezinkondlweni zakhe kuboniswe ekuqaleni ukuqonda lokho Yempucuko njengenhlangano art sihluke bezibona lwebandla lezwe.
2. Renaissance Early senzeka e-Italy kuze 1500. Art yaqaphela axioms zakamuva yokuphila komuntu (isikhathi kuthathwe kusukela endulo classical). Futhi eSpain, kwenzeka ngemva kwesikhashana, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-15, wadonsa kwaze kwaba maphakathi esilandelayo.
3. Renaissance High senzeka e-Italy, ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16. Art Centre of Florence, wathuthela edolobheni laseRoma. Futhi uPapa uJulius II udonsa ngaphansi iphiko eziningi zalo abaculi e-Italy. ke iRoma lalingumbuso Athens entsha. Umuzi wakha okuningi izakhiwo, ehlotshiswe ukubaza kanye nemidwebo. Kulotshiwe eziningi izithombe, okuyinto kuze kube yilolu suku abhekwa amagugu wangempela lokusungula. Zonke izinhlobo esihle ubuciko uxhumana, sithonye nomunye. Ibambisene wafundelwa futhi endulo. Izibalo ovelele lesi sikhathi kukhona Leonardo omkhulu futhi uMichelangelo Raphael.
4. Renaissance Late igcwaliswe ekhulwini le-17 (iminyaka engu-20). Abanye abagxeki sokukholelwa ukuthi ngisho kuwa eRoma (1527) siphelile futhi Yempucuko. Ingqikithi, incazelo ukuthi sifiphaliswe ngakho eminyakeni abalethe zifana akunakwenzeka. Kwezinye izingxenye eYurophu kusukela imikhosi neNkathi Yokumelana Nenguquko, okuyinto wayidikila yonke ukucabanga mahhala futhi izimiso Antiquity. Florence ehlupheka banomkhuba. Ngo-Venice (1570) ukuqhubeka umsebenzi Titian futhi Palladio, lapho isimo esibucayi kubonakala sengathi kancane wathinta.
5. Northern Renaissance okwenzeka ngemva kokuba ama-1500 emazweni isiJalimane, baseFrance naseNetherlands. Le nguqulo Renaissance kuhlukile kancane kusukela Italian. abameleli ezivelele Albrecht Durer Pieter Bruegel.

I Renaissance kwaba isehlakalo esibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni kwezobuciko, owanika izwe eziningi abalobi abanamakhono, ngaphandle okuyinto akunakwenzeka ukwethula emagugu emasiko lesintu.