Amapaki kanye nezinqolobane zikazwelonke zesifunda sase-Irkutsk: uhlu, incazelo nokubuyekezwa

Kusukela ngo-1997, ngoJanuwari 11, iRussia yagubha uSuku lweMigodi kanye namaPaki kaZwelonke. Ngalolu suku ekhulwini lokugcina (ngo-1916) wadala owokuqala eRussia State Reserve - uBarzinzinsky. Itholakala ogwini lolwandle iBaikal. E-Transbaikal nazo zigcinwe esifundeni sase-Irkutsk. Lesi sifunda sicebile ezindaweni ezivikelwe. Izindawo zokugcina ezimbili, i-National Park Pribaikalsky nezindawo eziningi zokulondolozwa zikhona esifundeni.

Izici zesifunda sase-Irkutsk

Lesi esinye sezifunda ezinkulu kunazo zonke zaseMpumalanga Siberia. Indawo yayo cishe yi-5% yensimu yaseRussia. Ubude obukhulu buchaza ukuhlukahluka kwamazwe nemvelo. Iningi lalo lihlala emahlathini ase-taiga, amapulangwe, ama-steppes, izigodi zemifula. Kodwa ukukhanga okuyinhloko esifundeni sase-Irkutsk yiLake Baikal. Siyabonga, ukuvakasha kuthuthukiswa kakhulu lapha.

I-Baikal ifakwe ohlwini lwamagugu ezwe ngenxa yemifula yemvelo eyingqayizivele, amanzi ahlanzekile kanye nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zabameleli bezitshalo nezilwane.

Yiziphi izinqolobane?

Isifunda sase-Irkutsk sisesigodini saseLake Baikal, esihlanganiswe yi-UNESCO ezindaweni ze- World Heritage. Ngakho-ke, iningi lalo libhekisela ezindaweni ezivikelwe zokubaluleka kombuso. Uhlu lwezinqolobane esifundeni sase-Irkutsk luyingcosana, kodwa ukubaluleka kwabo kukhulu. Inqolobane idalwe ngenhloso yokulondoloza izakhiwo zemvelo ngendlela yayo yasekuqaleni. Iyakwenqabela ngokuphelele ukuzingela nanoma yimuphi umsebenzi wezomnotho.

Indawo yokugcina - i-Barguzinsky - yadalwa, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, eRussia ngo-1916. Izakhiwo eziseduzane zesifunda sase-Irkutsk zavela kuma-80s. Bahlanganisa insimu enkulu yogu lolwandle lwaseBaikal futhi badalwe ukuze balondoloze okuhlukile kokuphila kwesitshalo nesilwane.

Izindawo ezihlala esifundeni sase-Irkutsk: uhlu

Kukhona izingcezu zama-steppes, ama-taiga amahle, amachibi, ama-mountain ranges, ama-paleovolcanoes lasendulo, ama-waterfalls, ama-gorge. Ukuvikela izindawo eziyingqayizivele zemvelo, izindawo ezigcinwe esifundeni sase-Irkutsk zenziwe. Uhlu lwamagama lwaziwa kunoma yimuphi umhlali wendawo, ngoba basiza ukusindisa ogwini lolwandle lwaseBaikal esimweni salo semvelo. Lokhu kwasebenza ngokukhethekile ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, lapho abamele abaningi bezitshalo nezilwane baqala ukufa ngenxa yemisebenzi yezomnotho esebenzayo kanye nokuhlwanyelwa kwamahlathi.

Yiziphi izinqolobane esifundeni sase-Irkutsk?

• I-Vitimsky Nature Reserve yasungulwa ngo-1982. Itholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga yeTranskaikalia. Omunye wemisebenzi yokubukeka kwakhe kwakuwukuvikela kweqhwa leqhwa, inhlabathi, izinhlobo ezingavamile zezinyoni zenyamazane, imihlaba yezintaba eziyingqayizivele i-Oron. Lapha khula i-larch, kune-pin, imisedari ne-fir. Ukuvakashela i-Vitim Reserve kungenzeka kuphela emigwaqeni yezokuvakasha ezi-3 eceleni komfula i -Vitim naseLake Oron.
• I-Baikal-Lena State Nature Reserve yasungulwa ngo-1986. Itholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yesigodi saseBaikal ogwini olusentshonalanga yeLake Baikal. Lapha, kukhona amahlathi we-taiga alondoloziwe, ama-steppes, ama-paleovolcano amabili ama-1.5 million ubudala. Inqolobane enkulu yezinyosi ezibomvu nezinye izilwane ze-taiga. Kunezinhlobo ezingavamile ezifana ne-osprey, u-storgi omnyama, ukhozi obonakele, ukhozi wegolide, i-peregrine falcon kanye nabanye. I-pin, i-larch nemisedari yande kakhulu, ama-lichens amaningi, ama-mosses kanye ne-fungi. Izinhlobo ezingu-47 zezitshalo ezisengozini zivikelwe lapha.

AmaPaki Kazwelonke

Lezi zindawo ezinkulu ezinezinto zemvelo eziyingqayizivele. Lapha zonke izimo zokuphumula nokuvakasha zidalwa, okugcina ukuvela kwamathafa amahle futhi akulimazi izitshalo nezilwane. Kunqunyelwe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele, umsebenzi wezomnotho womuntu, ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwemvelo ngezinjongo zezolimo ngezidingo zabantu bendawo. Ngokungafani nezinqolobane, izivakashi zivunyelwe ukungena ensimini yepaki kazwelonke. Kunezindawo zokupaka kanye nemizila yokuvakasha.

Ipaki yokuqala yezwe yenziwa e-US ngo-1872 - yi-Yellowstone. Ekulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni - iNyakatho ye-Northeast Greenlandic National Park inendawo engaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-950 wamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane. Futhi eRussia ipaki kazwelonke enkulu kunayo yonke esifundeni sase-Irkutsk.

I-Baikal National Park

Lona indawo evikelekile yokubaluleka kwe-federal. Yadalwa ukuvikela umhlaba oyingqayizivele wemvelo ogwini olusentshonalanga yeLwandle iBaikal. Ihlanganisa cishe ingxenye yesigamu yobude bogwini lwayo - cishe angu-470 km. I-Baikal National Park yiyona ndawo evakashelwa kakhulu kunazo zonke endaweni. Kuzo zonke izigcawu kanye namapaki kazwelonke wesifunda sase-Irkutsk, iningi kakhulu ngezinhlobo ezingavamile zezitshalo nezilwane. Indawo yepaki ingamahektha angaphezu kuka-400 000 - lena yindawo evikelekile kunazo zonke eRussia. Ihlanganisa ugu lolwandle oluncane - kusuka ku-3 ukuya ku-20 km, i-Primorsky Range, i-Tazheranskaya Steppe, iBasshaya River Basin, futhi ingxenye yayo i- Olkhon Island.

Zonke izimpahla kanye nezwe. Amapaki esifundeni sase-Irkutsk abonakala ngezitshalo nezilwane ezihlukahlukene ezicebile, ezinye zazo ezingatholakali nakwezinye izindawo, nezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zemvelo. Kodwa leli paki likazwelonke liheha abavakashi kakhulu kunazo zonke. Kukhona ama-coves Aya nePaschanaya, amawababa amakhulu asePrimorsky Range, ama-steppes nama-lakes amachiza. Emthonjeni we-Angara yiyona nhlobo enkulu yamanzi ebusika eSiberia.

Yiziphi izinqolobane?

Izindawo ezithile lapho kunezilwane ezithile noma izinto ezikhethekile zemvelo ezivikelwe kuthiwa i-zakazniki. Avinjelwe kuphela izinhlobo ezithile zemisebenzi yabantu, isibonelo, ukuzingela. Manje eRussia kunezinqolobane ezingu-70 zokubaluleka kwe-federal, oku-2 zazo zikhona esifundeni sase-Irkutsk. Izindawo ezivikelwe ezifana nalezi zidalwe ngaphandle kwemingcele, futhi iminyaka yezinkulungwane zokubaluleka kwendawo ingase ibe khona amashumi ambalwa noma ngaphansi. Eziningi zazo zenzelwe ukulondoloza izinhlobo eziningana ezingavamile noma ezisengozini, kodwa kukhona futhi ezidalwe ukuvikela isitshalo noma isilwane esisodwa.

Zombili izinqolobane kanye nezinqolobane zesifunda sase-Irkutsk zenzelwe ukulondoloza uhlobo oluhlukile lweLake Baikal. Manje kule nsimu kukhona izinqolobane ezimbili zikahulumeni - iKrasny Yar noTofalarsky, kanye namaMagdan, Chaysky, Kirei, Irkutny, Boysk bogs kanye nabanye.

Izindawo ezingcwele ezidume kakhulu

Ingqikithi kunezinqolobane ezingu-16 esifundeni sase-Irkutsk. Kulawa - 2 federal kanye nendawo yesithathu, i-zakaznik engu-8 eyinkimbinkimbi nezinhlobo ezingu-3. Kulezi, eziningana zikhulu kakhulu futhi zidumile.

• Isabelo seTofalar sokubaluleka kombuso sakhiwe ema-70s ekhulwini lama-20. Kwakuhlanganisa izindawo zemvelo zendawo yangaphambili ye-Sayan Reserve, isibonelo, i-Kosurgasheva Glacier.
• I-Krasny Yar iyindawo eyinkimbinkimbi yokubaluleka kwe-federal, njengoba isondelene nendawo yokugcina. Lakhiwe ngendwangu, ibhere elimnyama, i-musk deer, i-bittern, i-roe deer nezinye izinhlobo ezivamile. Ivikelwe ngumgogodla omnyama ne-grey grey.
• I-Irkutniy zakaznik inesabelo samahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30 futhi idalwe ukuvikela izindawo zokuhlala ezifuywayo.
• Amadwala ase-Boyskie asetshenziswa eceleni koMfula iBoya futhi alondoloze izindawo zokuhlala zasendle nezinyoni ezihlala kuyo.
• I-Magdan zakaznik itholakala emgodini wemifula iMagda no-Ilga. Kwadalwa ukuvikela izindawo zokuhlala zasendle, okwenza izinhlobo zezinhlanzi nezinyoni ezidumile.

Izikhumbuzo zemvelo

Engxenyeni yesifunda sase-Irkutsk kunezinto eziningi ezibalulekile zemvelo, zomlando noma zamasiko. Zibizwa ngokuthi izikhumbuzo zemvelo. Kunezinto ezingu-77 lapha. Kulezi zindawo, izikhumbuzo zemvelo - umcibisholo weMiri, i-Sunny glacier, umhume we-Winter Tale, i-Cape Arch, i-Shaman-stone, i-Chayachiy Rock, amaphasela karst nokunye okuningi. Izikhumbuzo eziningi zamanzi: i-karst entwasahlobo, i-Lake Heart, i-rapins i-Udinsk, umthombo we-Okuinka River, imifula nemithombo.

Izikhumbuzo zomhlaba eziyinkimbinkimbi ziyi-shaman pisanitsy, amatshe aqoshiwe eMfuleni iKhan, iPaschanaya Bay, iKai Grove, izidakamizwa ezivela emaphandeni yasendulo, emahlathini aseTusham amapine nabanye. Kulezi zikhumbuzo zemvelo yizitshalo ezingavamile kakhulu: izitshalo zamanzi, i-Irkutsk lily of the valley, relict spruce kanye nezinye.

Ukubuyekezwa kwezivakashi

Amapaki, amagugu kanye nezinqolobane zikazwelonke zesifunda sase-Irkutsk ziheha ukunakekelwa kwezivakashi ngenxa yokuhlukile kweLake Baikal. Imvelo enemifanekiso, amanzi ahlanzekile, umoya omusha kanye nokutholakala kwezinhlobo ezingavamile zezitshalo nezilwane - yilokho okuhlehlisiwe kwimemori yezivakashi ngemva kokuvakashela le nsimu. Naphezu kwesimo sezulu esinzima, inamba encane yamalanga afudumele namanzi abandayo emithombo yamanzi, izivakashi ziyakuthanda lezi zindawo. Jabulela ubuhle bemipophoma, bheka izintaba-mlilo zasendulo kanye nezintaba ezithinta zonke izinhlobo zemvelo.