Vitim (umfula): incazelo kanye nezithombe

emifuleni yaseSiberia zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili. Lokhu Umthambo ezinkulu nkinga ku kula mapayipi. Enye yezinhlangano ezinkulu kunazo iyona emifuleni yaseSiberia Vitim. Lokhu owumthelela kwesokudla. ULena, okuyinto yena, ehlangene Sea Laptev.

Umlando emfuleni

Buryat Chin River futhi Vitimkan ezintabeni West Transbaikalia uhlangane ndawonye. Futhi umphumela uba p aphansi. Vitim. Umfula wawudla kuqala kahle Cossack Ataman Maksimom Perfilevym. Ngo 1639 ayeya emfuleni. Vitim. Futhi kule esizalweni somfula. Kugomary eyasungulwa gumbi.

Indawo

Vitim Kunomfula odabula insimu ka Buryatia, Zabaikal esifundeni, Yakutia kanye esifundeni sase-Irkutsk. Pond kuvela ngesikhathi Irkutsk yokhalo. Khona-ke izungeza Vitim ithafa. It unqamula amazwekazi aseNyakatho naseNingizimu muya lamagquma. Vitim umfula ugeleza khona kuphi ke? Ngo-ZU likh. ULena, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa Sea Laptev.

Okokuqala Vitim kugeleza insimu ka Buryatia ke kanye emngceleni walo ne Trans-iBaikal Territory futhi sifinyelela engezansi esifundeni sase-Irkutsk. The last 50 amakhilomitha elula umfula Sakha-Yakutia.

incazelo

emfuleni ubhekwa ekuqaleni umthombo komfula. Vitimkan. Unalokhu engqondweni, i-Vitim ubude 1978 km. Swimming pool yendawo - ayizinkulungwane 225 amakhilomitha square. Ngemva emifuleni Aldana futhi Vilyuya, Vitim - yesithathu owumthelela omude kunayo yonke. ULena.

Upper futhi sifinyelela phakathi ivuliwe Vitim ithafa futhi Stanovoy Highlands. Patom ozimele aphansi ngasentshonalanga. Kusukela umthombo beya emzaneni Romanovka Vitim kubhekwe umfula entabeni. It yakha ejikeni le eziqhingini eziseduze. Abaningi ogwini kukhona emaweni ne okusaqanda-scree izinqubo. Vitim - umfula, esesikhundleni kwezinye izindawo zamanje eqinile.

Ngemva kokuwela South muya yokhalo amanzi engena umcengezi. Futhi kukhona lo mfula branched shirokopoymennoe ithrekhi bano ezincane. Vitim ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili Paramskim embundwini. Uma wehlisela amehlo ezansi ngwengwezi emthambekeni isiqondiso nezimpophoma. Ngaphambi Delyun-Oronskogo embundwini ngaphansi kwamanzi okuningi Amashalofu okubeka enamadwala.

Ngaphambi Bodaibo umfula ugeleza khona esigodini emincane. Kulezi zindawo floodplains ongakasetshenzwa masimu. Esikhathini sifinyelela engezansi eMfuleni Vitim ageleza kanye iBaikal-Patom Highland. Kancane kancane uyakhula begodu kuba ichibi ohlobo flat.

izikhukhula Rapid zenzeka ngenxa encibilika iqhwa emthambekeni izindawo. Imvula izikhukhula akuzona njengoba abukhali. Kulezi emfuleni ibusa eziningi amanzi, ezingaphezu kuka-izikhukhula entwasahlobo. Autumn ice drift Uthatha amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu. Phakathi nale nkathi, e angajulile kukhona sezimoto. I ukujiya ice ifinyelela cishe amabili amamitha.

Biota

I okukhulela osebeni lwalemifula we Vitim bahlanganisa ikakhulu amahlathi coniferous. On ithafa larch ukujabulisa iso. Emkhakheni ezinye nemingenela - sehlozi abayizithulu yehlathi okuxubile (fir, e-aspen, umsedari, njll). On osebeni yemifino entabeni ezikhulayo zezihlahla, ulele futhi wona. Ngo Vitim umcengezi uhlala cishe amane zezilwane ezincelisayo. izilwane noboya Abaningi (Sable, Ermine, njll), Futhi amanzi - izinhlanzi.

Hydrology

Ngokusho isimo samanje River Vitim kuyinto Lesisemkhatsini phakathi ethafeni lentaba. Ukudla Reservoir ikakhulukazi imvula. Ukusetshenziswa isilinganiso amanzi ngonyaka ngo-1530 square metres ngomzuzwana ngesikhathi Bodaibo. Ngisho wachitha amamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili square ngomzuzwana ngesikhathi esizalweni somfula. Ngezinye p. Vitim elikhulu kukazamcolo. It iqala ngo-May ihlala kuze Okthoba. Kakhulu ngenyanga ephezulu yamanzi - Juni. Ukwehla abukhali emanzini siyenzeka-March kuya ku-April. Vitim iqala ukumisa ekuqaleni kuka November. Futhi ice Yimpi senzeka Engxenyeni yesibili May, lapho iqoqo kuyinto sezulu kuqhathaniswa efudumele.

ukudoba

emfuleni eSiberia idume ukudoba yayo. Futhi esinye salezi amachibi - Vitim. Ngo emfuleni wathola eziningi ezihlukahlukene izinhlanzi:

• bream;
• ide;
• sockeye;
• Pike;
• Salmon White;
• roach;
• burbot;
• bass;
• trout;
• Tugun;
• Grayling.

Ngakho-ke, abantu abaningi bakhangwa umfula lokudoba. Vitim Pike abadumile elikhulu (kungaba ukubamba futhi Ngokwesibonelo desyatikilogrammovy). Futhi lapha kaningi kakhulu wabanjwa ezinhlanu-kilogram taimen. Ukudoba abathanda kukhona ngisho izinkambo ekhethekile (kufika ku izinsuku eziyishumi) emfuleni.

uyayazisa Vitim

On the River Vitim ingenye ngobukhulu izikhungo ezimayini zegolide. Kuyinto idolobha Bodaibo. Leli chibi wathola idiphozithi yanoma mica nejeyidi. Ngo Vitim Reserve yiyo echibini esiyingqayizivele Oron. Vitim - main mfula ezokuthutha, lapho izimpahla zilethwa ezindaweni yezimayini. Ukuthumela kungenzeka kuphela Meadows emzaneni. LoMfula ukwakhiwa kuhlelwe we HPP wendlale.