Okunhlobonhlobo shampinona- indlela yokwahlukanisa amakhowe ezidliwayo futhi enobuthi?

Kukhona izinhlobo eziningi isikhunta, kodwa sizobe ukukhuluma inkinobho amakhowe (Agaricus). Namuhla, asikho isidingo ukuqoqa kwabo ehlathini, ngoba kuzo zonke esitolo ethengisa ezinhle Amakhowe kancane emhlophe - uhlobo amakhowe. The French bafunda indlela yokutshala kubo ngekhulu XVII. Okwamanje, phakathi amakhowe ezidliwayo ngokuya ukukhiqizwa, lolu hlobo osesikhundleni yokuqala emhlabeni.

Amakhowe ngokwemvelo

Naphezu namandla abo, abaningi bafisa phumani ku imvelo amakhowe, ngoba "mushroom ukuzingela" - ewusizo kakhulu, kumnandi futhi umsebenzi kujabulise. It ikuvumela ukuba ukubaleka ngokuphelele izinkinga zansuku zonke, ukuchitha isikhathi eyedwa nemvelo. Njengoba kuyathakazelisa ukuthola utshani noma amahlamvu ukhunta enhle esiphundu, futhi uma lucky, futhi lo mkhaya lonke! Amakhowe ikuyo yonke indawo, yazalelwa emahlathini, amapaki, izimfunda ngisho phezu kwendawo egandaywe ngamatshe.

Ziyakwazi pileate agaric. Emvelweni, kunezindlela okungenani 60 izinhlobo nabo izici ezivamile, kodwa zonke uhlobo isikhunta amakhowe has izici zayo siqu. Lamellar sikubiza amakhowe, okuyinto on the underside cap has ipuleti. amakhowe Omncane ipuleti mhlophe, khona-pink, elidala babe omnyama ensundu black nonsundu.

Lo mbono kuyahluka khona ring on stem. Ofeleba neziqu - iyona umzimba fruiting kanye mycelium okusemhlabeni. Isendlalelo engezansi champignon ofeleba ngokufanele ezinhlamvu ngawo banda, ukwakha ama-mycelium entsha. Can nokuzala kanye eziyizimbangela izingcezu ngokudala izimo esihle sakho.

amakhowe Small kungaba hhayi kuphela ajwayelekile eyindilinga ukuma izigqoko, kodwa futhi emise insimbi, cishe cylindrical. Njengoba emaphethelweni ezihambayo alo, futhi yakha eyodwa noma ezimbili emasongweni stem. I cap uyaqhubeka ukwenzeka, babe ipuleti kubonakale kakhulu engxenyeni engezansi. Ngendlela enwetshiwe, it has a ifomu lulwimi noma phansi ngokugcwele.

amakhowe ezidliwayo

Cabangela izinhlobo eziningana, ezivame kakhulu ngendlela mushroom: ihlathi, edlelweni, ensimini, bisporus.

Ihlathi (Agaricus silvaticus), obuye ubizwe ngokuthi "blagushka". Lolu hlobo mushroom ingatholakala amahlathi coniferous kusukela maphakathi no-ihlobo kuya ku-October, ikakhulukazi intuthwane izindunduma. Naphezu ukunambitheka, it is kuyaqabukela eziqoqiwe. Abaningi kuyangethusa ukuthi ekuqa- uginindela kuba nombala sinombala-bomvu.

amakhowe Young unyawo high, nge isiyingi esimhlophe, okuyinto zezinhlobo ubudala engashiywa. Cap ovoid ke uba convex, ungathi ukuma isikhencezo, futhi kamuva - uyisicaba-prostrate. It has ishq fibrous ensundu.

Lugovoi (abavamile, Pecheritsa), igama Latin - Agaricus campestris. Lolu hlobo zamakhowe ezaziwayo ngisho abahlala emadolobheni, njengoba kwenzeka eduze izindlu - emasimini, amapaki. It ukhetha angakhula ezweni kahle avundiswa e zasemadlelweni, ezindaweni uhamba nezinkomo. Mushroom esihlwabusayo yathela impela, likhula ngamaqembu amakhulu.

Hat nombala omhlophe, okokuqala has simise eyindilinga ke ayizindunduma ke flat. Plates pink, amakhowe ase- grey ansundu. Inyama ezimhlophe liqinile, ku Imi uphendulela pink. Njengoba "isiketi" ngokujoyina imiphetho cap ne Isiqu ahlukaniswa futhi uhlala endaweni izindandatho membranous phezulu unyawo.

Field (Agaricus arvensis). Lolu hlobo - isihlobo esiseduzane we-beetroot, kodwa abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukunambitheka kwako kuba ngcono kakhulu. Anakho, nephunga ekhethekile mnandi kakhulu futhi ingenye ngobukhulu phakathi amakhowe. Kwezinye izimo isisindo 300 g futhi ububanzi cap kuba-20 cm.

amakhowe asemasha Iqanda isigqoko, okuyinto kancane kancane uba ukuma Plano-convex, abanesikhumba abushelelezi, uma uthinta izinguquko umbala ophuzi. Ngo iringi ezimbili ungqimba has a umlenze phezu izingqimba engezansi labelwe isici ziboya ophuzi. Amarekhodi, njengoba ukuguga ukhunta, ushintsho umbala kusuka pink kuya konsundu.

Bisporus (Agaricus bisporus) - lokhu bonke hlobo ajwayelekile mushroom is kabanzi kutshalwa ezimweni yokufakelwa.

amakhowe zamanga

Mushroom pickers avame ukuqoqa nalwazi kunemibandela anobuthi (amanga) uhlobo mushroom, iphonswe kubhasikidi kuya komunye isikhunta. Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwabo ukudla akubulali, kodwa kungabangela izinkinga eziningi. Ngisho nangemva kokuba ukwelashwa ukushisa zigcinwa ezinobuthi okubangela ubuthi ephelezelwa iziyaluyalu emathunjini, ukuhlanza, colics.

Ngokuvamile kudidaniswe amakhowe ezidliwayo amakhowe izinhlobo ezimbili zezintuthwane, izithombe ozibonayo. Phuzi mushroom (Agaricus xanthodermus) kwenzeka kokubili endle futhi otshanini. Lolu hlobo lwe-hat engenakudliwa ngobubi bawo ezimhlophe, ngokuvamile nge izindawo lemicu empunga elinamathela othini onsundu.

Indaphundaphu ngokuhambisana isihloko, lapho locezu ngokushesha uphendulela yellow. Ingxenye engezansi imilenze, ophuzi kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi orange. Lolu hlobo insimbi-izigqoko zivame kudidaniswe ensimini. Ngaphandle umbala inyama, kungaba ohlukaniswa iphunga kubuhlungu ngempela, okuyinto okuthuthukiswa yokuwugazinga.

Ploskoshlyapkovy, mottled, zibe maholoholo mushroom (Agaricus Placomyces) - omunye ukhunta engenakudliwa ngobubi bawo, okuyinto itholakala emahlathini exubile kanye coniferous. Wakhe isigqoko lemicu empunga elinamathela othini onsundu umbala, nge endaweni emnyama maphakathi, embozwe izikali. I iphunga ezingemnandi Imiphumela carbolic inedibility zilwane.

Ngezinye izikhathi kudidaniswe ploskoshlyapkovy mushroom ihlathi, kodwa njengoba vele sesiyazi, e uhlobo ihlathi unuka kamnandi futhi kancane ukusika inyama ibe bomvu, kuyilapho ophuzi variegated futhi kancane kancane uphendulela ensundu.

Isikhathi esining impela, ongenalwazi amakhowe pickers ayikwazi zihlukaniswa esuka amakhowe efanayo abasha kubo, kodwa mushroom ebulalayo ezinesihlungu mhlophe futhi toadstool okhanyayo. Bafana nezigqoko, kanye amapuleti, amasongo phezu imilenze.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi umehluko kungabonakala ngokucacile kuphela zezinhlobo omdala: kusukela amakhowe bese toadstool okhanyayo, ngokungafani amakhowe ezidliwayo, umbala amapuleti namanje elikhanyayo. Thola mushroom omdala kanye nokuhlola Ezansi cap. Enye indlela elula ukuhlola: lapho sicindezelwe inyama umbala amakhowe ezinobuthi akashintshi.

Photo 1 - champignon ugodo;

Photo 2 - champignon edlelweni;

Photo 3 - Agaricus arvensis;

Photo 4 - mushroom ophuzi elinsundu;

Photo 5 - mushroom ploskoshlyapkovy.