Iyini isiphequluli se-Tor?

I-Tor (eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Onion Router) isofthiwe yamahhala ekhonza ukunikeza ukungaziwa kwe-intanethi.

Ukuqaliswa okuyisisekelo kwe-Tor kubhaliwe ngolimi lwezinhlelo C futhi liqukethe cishe imigqa engu-146,000 yekhodi yomthombo.

Emisebenzini yayo, isiphequluli se-Tor siqondisa ukuhamba kwe-intanethi ngesixhumanisi samahhala, emhlabeni wonke wezingxoxo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu ukufihla indawo yomsebenzisi nokuvimbela noma yikuphi ukulandelela kwinethiwekhi noma ukuhlaziywa kwethrafikhi. Ukusebenzisa i-Tor kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukulandelela umsebenzi we-intanethi, kufaka phakathi ukuvakashela amasayithi athile, athunyelwe futhi athola imiyalezo ye-Inthanethi nezinye izinhlobo zokuxhumana. Isiphequluli se-Tor isenzelwe ukuvikela ubumfihlo babasebenzisi, ukugcina inkululeko yabo kanye nekhono lokuqhuba ibhizinisi eliyimfihlo.

Idatha yokuqala, kufaka phakathi amaphuzu okuyo, lapho kusebenza ngalesi siphequluli kubhalwe izikhathi eziningana futhi ithunyelwe ngesiteshi esivamile, esihlanganisa izixhumanisi ezikhethiwe ezikhethiwe. Isixhumanisi ngasinye sihlonipha "ungqimba" wokubethela, olutholakala kuphela kusixhumanisi esilandelayo. Isixhumanisi sokugcina samukela ungqimba wokugcina wokubethela futhi udlulisela idatha yangempela ngaphandle kokudalula noma ngisho nokwazi umthumeli lapho uya khona. Le ndlela iyanciphisa amathuba okubheka idatha yomthombo futhi ifihle ngokuphelele indlela. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uma iziphequluli ezingcono kakhulu zikhonjisiwe, iTor ithatha enye yezindawo zokuqala phakathi kwazo.

Nokho, ubuye buthakathaka. Njengawo wonke amanethiwekhi akhona ukuqinisekisa ukungaziwa, i-Tor ayikwazi futhi ayizami ukuzivikela ekuqapheliseni imoto emngceleni wenethiwekhi yayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi okokufaka nokukhipha okuvela kunethiwekhi kungabonwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiphequluli se-Tor inikeza ukuvikelwa kokuhlaziywa kwe-traffic, kodwa ayikwazi ukuvimbela ukuqashelwa kwezimoto.

Naphezu kokushiyeka okungenhla, i-Tor kanye nezinhlelo ezihlukile i-JonDonym (JAP) zibhekwa njengezinamandla ngaphezu kokunye okubhekene nakho kwe-VPN. Izifundo zokuhlaziya umthamo we-encrypted stream stream owela nge-VPN, Tor noma i-JonDo izinhlelo zibonise ukuthi izinsizakalo ezimbili zokugcina zilukhuni kakhulu ukuzihlaziya.

Naphezu kwalokhu, abasebenzisi bezinye izindawo ze-Inthanethi banekhono lokuvimbela ukuxhuma kusuka ku-Tor nodes, noma unikeze ukusebenza okulinganiselwe kubasebenzisi balesi siphequluli. Uma uthinta ezinye iziphequluli zamahhala, kusobala ukuthi imingcele enjalo ayisekho. Isibonelo, ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukushintsha idatha kwi-Wikipedia uma usebenzisa i-Tor noma usebenzisa ikheli le-IP elisetshenziswa i-Tor output node (lokhu kubonakala kuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwesandiso se-TorBlock).

Naphezu kwezinto eziningi ezingekho emthethweni nezingozi abanye abasebenzisi abakwenzayo uma usebenzisa le nsizakalo, kunemvume enkulu kakhulu ngezinhloso ezifanele. Ngokusho kwedatha yamazwe ngamazwe, isiphequluli se-Tor sifinyelela kwisu elibanzi lokuvikela ubumfihlo nokungaziwa. Eminyakeni yamuva, kuye kwanda ukwanda kwalesi sevisi, okuhlobene nokuziphatha kwebhizinisi kunethiwekhi kanye nokusebenza kwezimali.