Bunin, "The Village": isifinyezo, ukuhlaziywa kanye nokubuyekeza

Ukuze umfundi Cabangisisa, efuna ukuqonda nokuba nolwazi ngendawo ubunjalo nohlonze bendabuko emzaneni isiRashiya, yebo, kungaba Kunconywa ukufunda nalendzaba. inshokutsi yetinhlobo umsebenzi Ivan Bunin ngokungenamkhawulo kweqiniso futhi ijulile wabhala. "Edolobhaneni" - incwadi ebheke lwetibalo nje umfundi, futhi izingqondo best of the wobaba. Lo msebenzi kwakumelwe ngoba besikhathi sakhe zabuna isambulo futhi isixwayiso.

Indaba "The Village" - Shock Ukwelashwa

Ngokwe zokubukwa wakhe ukujula lokhu Novella lifana noveli. Wayeqale yabonisa ukwehluleka ukubukwa asemthethweni abantukazana, okwethulwa ngokucacile nesisindo batshengise ezibanzi abafundi iqiniso ngalokho vulgarity nokungabi nathemba uhlala kakhulu eRussia.

ukuphila beastly inquma ukwazi elihluphayo bakule ndawo. Yasemaphandleni lumpen Koshel awukwazi ngisho ukhulume okuvelayo kwabo iziNtaba zaseCaucasus. Zonke nguye ophethe ukuba hhumuza - kuyinto "entabeni entabeni." Edolobhaneni indlela isayensi izingane ivaliwe. Ukuqeqeshwa abakutholile esikoleni sabaqalayo is a soldier wangaphambili, abanye abakwazi ukufunda futhi inarticulate. Yena, kunokuba ukufundisa, sokuprakthiza izingane.

Impilo ka-abalimi akunangqondo, engenangqondo. Top ikhombisa idiocy ngesibonelo sendoda egama layo elimpunga. Yena eyakha indlu, kodwa akusho isitoko bangaphambi kubanda kwezinkuni. Ebusika, otaplivaya indlu isha ophahleni Gray bese uthengisa uqobo futhi endlini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ne kakhulu zomhlaba, nguye ophethe abe umuntu ampofu kakhulu edolobhaneni. Ingabe lo allegory isiqephu ekhona ngendlela yasemakhaya yonkana Russia?

Perot master ngesibindi, ngokujulile futhi ngokucace libonisa panorama zakudala, "emhumeni", a ubumpofu County ukuphila.

I edabukisayo Umdwebo abantu vegetating phambi abafundi lembula Bunin. "Edolobhaneni" Yilona ngokuyisisekelo lokhu kuncipha kwesikhathi sokuphila, okuyinto Uthatha serfdom, lowaya ngehla ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Abantu bahlupheke obishini lokuphelelwa phansi ngokomoya. Ngenxa amanga ezizungezile, umhawu, meanness, inzondo, ukweba ngisho bhá wabo ulahlekelwe ubungqabavu babo, amaphupho, nezifiso. Ukuzama ukwakha ukuphila okujabulisayo abanamandla ukuba sifeze lokhu.

Musa bahlobise, akusho idealize empilweni ongumlimi, akabe ukwethula kuwo i ngokuvumelana yokufakelwa futhi ingeyona engokwemvelo Bunin. "Edolobhaneni" - umsebenzi ngokwethembeka. Le ncwadi futhi yonke indawo engezansi. Umbhali kwesinye isikhathi ebabayo isosha esihlatshelelwayo, kodwa ngokuvamile ngeqiniso nabangenasihawu usetha kithi indaba ukuphila kwabafowabo ababili Krasovo: uTikhon Yebo Kuzma, abahlala edolobhaneni ne isici isihloko - Durnovka.

Umkhiqizo we ekuhlehleni Russia

Lo msebenzi elandelayo yanyatheliswa ngo-November 1910 kwaholela polemics engakaze ibonwe elibukhali umphakathi waseRussia. Ngisho usolwa ngokunukubeza nenzondo eRussia lezwakala Bunin. Indaba "The Village" - umkhiqizo elibi, ngempela zibonisa abangamhloniphi uNkulunkulu ekuphileni Russian. Kodwa iqiniso ngabhala Bunin! abaqambimanga Qotho, okuthiwa populists zehlulekile nokuqalisa uhlelo lwakhe lokufundisa abantu yoshushiso wagan 'unwabu ngokumelene Ivan. Ukuze winner ikusasa Maxim Gorky wawancengela.

Njengoba umlobi kwendaba ngokujulile wazizwa ezicashile umphefumulo wabantu! "Kuyaxaka, thina abantu! Umphefumulo Motley! Lokho inja ungumuntu okumsulwa ke ... Sam phezu kwami ukukhala."

Isifinyezo indaba. abazalwane ababili

Eminyakeni yokuqala nabalingiswa abasemqoka endabeni, bazalwane Kuzma futhi uTikhon, ndawonye wahlanganyela ukuhweba. Kodwa ngeke kuqhubeke isikhathi eside. Kakhulu ezahlukene ukuthi babengobani. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona ingxabano, bahamba ngulowo lalowo sakhe ekuphileni endleleni.

Bobabili babebuye abantu ukhaliphile. Ngokuthatha isinyathelo kuqala ngokuya indaba itulo akuyona nje abadlali, okungeziwe ekubeni ngokoqobo ezizungezile, kodwa futhi ukuba abanike ngokwazisa okujulile.

UTikhon - indoda kwezomnotho. Anakho intando eqinile futhi uyakwazi ukuqhubeka nezinhlelo zakhe: kokukhipha yezihambi, lapho kuhlelwe esitolo futhi ngavula indawo yokucima ukoma. Ngekhono ehola ipulazi Amaholo. Imali okuholela uTikhon wakhonza njengephayona dolobha kokuqala ukuthola izinga ephakeme. Yena uqala ukuthenga umhlaba nesinkwa phezu phezulu kulendawo abangenayo acumen ibhizinisi. Ngenxa abaphathi bayo ezinengqondo futhi okunenjongo uTikhon othenga Manor zasemakhaya Durnovka lapho ngisho kumkhulu wakhe kwaba serf.

Kuzma - ithalente, echotshozwa ubumpofu nokungabi nandaba

abamelene izihlobo ezimbili kusenzo inoveli yakhe Bunin ( "Edolobhaneni"). Isifinyezo umkhiqizo mayelana ezibalulekile imfuno Kuzma ungaboniswa ngenxa yegama elilodwa - Inkinga.

Kusukela esemncane kwaba behlanyiswa isifiso sokufunda. Umakhelwane, uzwela, wamfundisa ukufunda nokubhala. Ajwayelekile ubudala inkositini-bagxilisa kuye uthando izincwadi. Kuzma, ngangifuna ukuba umshumayeli umbhali ke wazama ukuqamba mavesi, ukuze ngokwethembeka ukutshela abantu ngaLowo kungamboza ububi ezizungezile zokuphila ... ngozwela liyakhuluma ngokuphela uhlamvu emsebenzini wakhe Bunin ( "Edolobhaneni"). Ukuhlaziywa kwe-ukunxanela okungokomoya lokhu anarchist ukuzikhohlisa, ekuqaleni imbongi "nadsonovskogo" uhlobo ekwenzeni kwabo Russian nge ezingokomoya nokuzibhaxabula, awukwazi bahlala banganandaba. Kuzma is a esihawulayo, uzama ukuba babe nezingokomoya emphakathini soulless. Yena ekuqaleni dooms uqobo babe ekuhlatshweni, ithalente ne "amaphiko aphulwa," bahlukunyezwa "isiphetho kanye nezidingo."

Ingabe umsebenzi elula etemibhalo

Bhala kubo indaba kwenzakala ongaceli. Khona-ke Kuzma ephethwe ukushicilela iqoqo izinkondlo zakhe.

Nokho, waqaphela ukuthi imizamo yakhe ababuthakathaka ngokuya ezingeni yekubhala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbhali kanye isiphukuphuku uphoqelekile ukuba uchithe amandla engqondo ngaphezulu ukuthola okokuzisekela, kuka ngetemibhalo. Isifiso sakhe ngobuciko ayitholakalanga nokulekelela. Kuzma umatise phansi, beqaphela ayenganqobeki nandaba womuntu. Ukuze mina, le ndoda engenabantu baphelelwa ukholo ezikhonjwe nemibono emibili: Isigodlo noma ukuzibulala.

Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi esibucayi ngaye ukubuyisana mzalwane wabuza uTikhon, ukunikezela abe Akuboshwe impahla kuluthola. Esondela yobudala engamashumi amahlanu-, ubhuti wanquma bakwemukele Kuzma. Wazixolela kuye nomunye uhlamvu, kanye nezinye nezifiso.

Kuzma waphefumulelwa. Ekugcineni u ithuba lokuthola nomholo yangempela. Emini wabahola amabhuku ezimali futhi kuqashwe impahla ebusuku. Kodwa ngokushesha waqaphela ukuthi imizamo yakhe akuvezi inzuzo.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, umnotho wahamba ngakho-ngakho empofu Manor emzaneni Durnovka.

Izinkinga Yokulima

Village timu ku imisebenzi Bunin namaqiniso futhi philosophically kweqiniso: awukwazi ukwakha ukujabula amashwa abanye.

yasemaphandleni ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX ilahlekelwe nokuqina kwayo, ukuzinza, endulo nokubopha lonke wekuba sive Russian. Kuleli amanani ethusayo, wabhala inoveli yakhe Bunin ( "Edolobhaneni"). Izibuyekezo abafundi Cabangisisa ziye zaphawula ukuthi ngenxa babhekane nezinga elikhulu impahla yokungakholelwa ka bakule ndawo ezibhubhisayo, ngizonda wonke umuntu nayo yonke into phezu lumpen Deniska hlobo.

Rustic kakhulu Nouveau Riche uTikhon Krasov kwaba umkhiqizo we nokwahlukana nokubuna. Phela, eqinisweni, wakha ingcebo yakhe enkathini phansi jikelele, ukuthenga umhlaba futhi kuthola izindlu ngendlela efanayo. lalichumile buhlala. Unomuzwa ke iyahlupheka: ngisho ukuthola izandla zabo phezu ingcebo, yena akanamandla ukumisa le ebulalayo, baziphatha ezibhubhisayo kulo lonke elaseRussia, futhi isishiya angalawuleki, futhi futhi abalimi basemazweni ahlupheka kakhulu Durnovka ukuba ngokuwa lonke isimo kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita.

UTikhon futhi uhlulekile kusungula ku impahla yakhe production evamile wezolimo, nakuba wenza eziningi umzamo Uzama ukuhlela ke. Ngo ukwehluleka kwakhe wasola intransigence nentukuthelo amadoda endawo. Kusobala ukuthi kudingeke athengise impahla ngesikhathi intengo okungekuhle.

Sin Thimothewu Krasova

I real, izinqubo yesimanje yezenhlalakahle azichazayo indaba yakhe Bunin ( "Edolobhaneni"). Executive Summary lo msebenzi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uTikhon kwezomnotho azizwa ngokujulile engajabule ngezizathu zomuntu siqu.
Wayefisa umkhaya omkhulu, kodwa umkakhe okukhulelwa intombazane, futhi abazalwanga efile. Okusho ukuthi, umnikazi omusha we Manor, ngaphambi kweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ubudala, wahlaselwa isizungu. Waze waqala ukuphuza. "Ngaphandle kwezingane umuntu - angiyena umuntu, ngakho obsevok abanye .."

Khona-ke uTikhon ithole yena ayethanda umlinyana abasha, Avdotya umpheki, abasebenza izindlu. Wenta lokubi emehlweni naye ngenjongo eyodwa - zokufuna ukuthola ingane. Nokho, lokhu akuzange kwenzeke. Ubudlelwane Avdotya uTikhon sengithola abalimi Durnovka, wabangumkakhe esekhishwa inyumbazane. Ngaya kuyo uthando lwakhe: e isikhafu zemikhosi ngaphakathi.

Lokhu akulona isiqephu kuphela lapho nangobudlova emphakathini yasemakhaya ngawe indaba yakhe Bunin ( "Edolobhaneni"). Ukuhlaziywa ekhiqizwa zakudala, wokuphuthuma ephakanyiswe ekwakhekeni, abalimi imfundo. Umbhali ubiza okungcono Russian izingqondo kuphoqe ingokomoya esiza abantulayo phakathi kwabantu abavamile.

Thimothewu ukuqaphela wecala lakhe

Unonya nobugovu sicebi wangena emzaneni kuyinto enhle mayelana Intombi Avdotya, breaking ukuphila kwakhe ngenxa kokuba yisifiso sokuba izingane. Akazange uyayithanda. Mhlawumbe yingakho, ngesikhathi umfowabo Kuzma, ukusebenza wokuba umabhalane, nezibi, kusukela Avdotya ebengalidluliselanga ithola usizo noma uzwela. Kunalokho, lona wesifazane ushiye izindlu, kusale yena yedwa kudingeka bazibonele wangaba namandla.

Kamuva uTikhon, uzizwa unecala yakhe siqu phambi kowesifazane enquma emva zonke ukuhlela ukuphila kwakhe, ukuba ashade off. Nokho, isifiso sakhe ukwenza ekupheleni ezinhle kanye yinhlekelele Avdotya. The guy kuphela yayenga ngemali uTikhon futhi evuma ukushada, Denis zabonakala abaqalekisiwe. Uyakwazi ngempela lokushaya kuze ngemva kokushona komkayo. Yena uyawesaba ngokweqile.

Umbuzo oyinhloko indaba

Lo msebenzi, naphezu endawo sobala (zenzeka edolobhaneni Durnovka), kwenza umuntu azibuze ngekusasa yezwe lonke. Ngokujulile uyaziqaphela izinselele ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngokwethembeka nabangenasihawu wabhala Bunin.

Edolobhaneni (libuyekeza nezihlakaniphi babe ngazwilinye) USSIAN amabutho engcono emphakathini ukuze sigweme inhlekelele yezenhlalakahle kufanele ngokushesha uqale kabusha. Iqiniso liwukuthi kuze phambi "Isigodi Esikhulu" Bunin kungekho muntu owayengifundisa sina izinkinga abantukazana eRussia. Mhlawumbe-ke, umbhali kanye wakhethwa yilungu zokuhlonipha we-Russian Academy of Sciences.

Ukubuyekezwa anokuqonda kakhulu kule noveli wanika Maxim Gorky. Waqaphela ukuthi ngokubhala kwakhe Bunin azange abhale mayelana abalimi abathile noma isigodi, ungamandla egcwele ithalente lakhe, wacela ngosuku olwandulela owayenecala ngale nhlekelele esizohlasela nomphakathi: "Ukuze noma cha ukuba Russian?".

Lelandzisako imiva Ukwakheka izindlela

Kuyamangalisa ubuqotho umsebenzi Bunin "The Village." Ukwakheka kwalo yakhiwa sebuningini izigaba-plug-in elinezinhlamvu yesibili ezahlukene, elibi esisihlukanisayo imikhuba ukwehla jikelele kanye ukubukeka ekugcizeleleni kazwelonke ezimoshayo. Namathafa ngumlobi kwendaba, ukunikeza ukuphelela, izici ukuphelela yezenhlalakahle kwendaba, "isonto zasendle klebhu", "echibini engajulile zobumba," "ubulongwe edamini", "i-water thick ophuzi." Futhi ngezinye izikhathi e izithombe landscape Bunin ngisho ijoyina mystics isici, ezifana scene in Rain "Wavula black ebumnyameni 'elachithwa" ukukhanya elibulalayo blue ".

motif ezibhubhisayo okukuwo wonke indaba "The Village." Bunin ikhulisa ke yesehlakalo sokugcina. Creepy lomshado rush isihlibhi, edonsa umkakhe - inyumbazane emzaneni da oshiseka nomkhwenyana - phakathi isiphepho esikhulu seqhwa esabekayo. Izivakashi emshadweni, ukushicilela uyahlanya Screams, Creepy ngenkathi dancing.

indlela Creative nombhali

Kulindeleke lo mbuzo: "Kungani zakudala ngakho ayisesemikhulu isihloko incazelo yakhe". Ngempela, kungani bokusungula, ulwazi olujulile Russia iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila kwakhe XX leminyaka akuyona wacosha lifana amaqhawe "Impi Nokuthula"?

yonke into - indlela yokudala, owasetshenziswa Bunin. "Edolobhaneni" kuphendula umbuzo wethu ngokucacile futhi ngamafuphi. Impendulo kuqukethwe indaba ngokwayo. Omunye namaqhawe akhe futhi izinkulumo bebonke oluphelele mayelana Russian elikhulu: "Yebo, konke - emzaneni ...!".

Le ncwadi imayelana Russia

Kumayelana sihlanganisa lonke izwe laseRussia wabhala Bunin! Indaba "The Village" - indaba mayelana lonke lelo zwe, abafowethu Krasova - ngamadoda alo engcono - abasebenzi, usawoti yayo umhlaba, uyakwazi ezingaba, acumen yayo ibhizinisi, talent zemvelo ukushintsha ukuphila emhlabeni. Empeleni ngibabheka njengomndeni ungakwenza. Kodwa hhayi ezweni lapho wonke umuntu - uqobo futhi wonke umuntu - ngokumelene zonke! Anatomy ekubhujisweni, ukungaqaliswa kokusebenza wobuciko woqobo ezingaba omuhle "ukuphila emhumeni" yabo ibonisa Bunin. Izinhloso Ezinhle Krasova abazalwane kancane kancane fade, sebeqala ulandele ukuyekethisa nonembeza wakhe ...

isiphetho

Ivana Alekseevicha Bunina Ingabizwa kufanele ngokuthi i-kolenonepreklonnym indoda. Yena, njengoba kufanele yakudala, umphefumulo wazizwa ukuhlupheka yayo abantu, izinsongo kanye nezinselelo ezibhekene nabo. Ukuyiqonda injongo yangempela yokunikezwa ukuthambekela ezibhubhisayo emphakathini isiRashiya, yena ufana nomuntu ngokuphepha, kungakhathaliseki isikhundla kanye nemibono akuveza waxwayisa Bakwethu.

Ngakho ehlelekile kuye, akekho wabhala mayelana nokubhujiswa omunye izisekelo eyinhloko wekuba sive ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX. izwe ongumlimi ngesikhathi kwekhulunyaka yayihlupheka ngempela, walahlekelwa ubuso bakhe, okuyinto wayeshonelwe isimiso phambili.

emzaneni Russian isithombe Bunin livela kithi ngokujulile futhi ngokucace. On isibonelo emzaneni Durnovka Krasova abafowethu umbhali wakwazi ukubonisa isimo esibucayi jikelele yonke ingqalasizinda emzaneni: kwezenhlalo, ngokomoya, ngokokuziphatha. Classic waba presentiment usongo eza ngokuwa isimo Russian.