Iyini indlela? Imigwaqo nemizila yezitimela.

Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi umgwaqo, lokho zinhlobo kuba. Kuyini ukubaluleka kwezokuxhumana izindlela? Yini imigwaqo ubudala asinda?

I Endulo

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, lapho amadolobha lokuqala namadolobha, abantu baye bakuqaphela ukubaluleka imigwaqo ephephile. Ikakhulukazi funa oluqinile ukuba ubonakele ukuthuthukiswa ubudlelwane ezohwebo kanye ezempi, njengoba kwakunjalo ngesikhathi soMbuso WaseRoma.

Ekuqaleni, zonke imigwaqo eminingi yayimincane, odabuka yemvelo kanye emhlabathini imiswe phakathi kwamanzi nataptyvaniya. By the way, lezi isesekhona emhlabeni wonke. Nokho, aba engasebenziseki lapho izimo zezulu (imvula, ebusika) ushintsho. Futhi ukuhamba ngokwakho akunjalo ngamandla njengoba ezikhathini zethu: endleleni ngokuvamile yene banal. Kusho ukuthini komgwaqo, uma siphendukela isichazamazwi? Kuyini inani layo, ngaphandle kalula ukuhamba? Lapho itshe lokuqala komgwaqo? Yilokhu sizobe ukukhuluma esihlokweni.

Kuyini endleleni: yencazelo

Ngokusho imigomo encyclopedic, umgwaqo - kungcono indlela yokuxhumana abantu noma izimoto, okuyinto isikhathi esiningi nge ingqalasizinda athuthukile.

Ngokwemvelo, owokuqala kakhulu sebhuqu ahlale wahluleka, mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo asazi lutho. Kodwa phakathi yokufakelwa zihlanganisa izindlela itholakala kulokho manje England nase-Aramu Naharayimi, izinsuku zabo eseduze ubudala emuva IV yeminyaka BC. e. Omunye omdala kubhekwa futhi eNgilandi wathola komgwaqo, lapho wathola igama Sweet Track. Mina wayilondoloza, ngoba lakhiwa nokubeka phansi oki imiphongolo, umlotha ne-maple. Manje siyazi ukuthi umgwaqo. By the way, indlela efanayo kwamabhuloho nemigwaqo eMoscow lasendulo. Njengoba ukuwohloka futhi ukubhujiswa, ukuze abeke ungqimba entsha. Kukhona kucatshangwa ukuthi izingxenye ezithile zedolobha kukhona ngenxa yalokhu a amamitha ambalwa ngenhla.

Isidingo imigqa ezikahle zokuxhumana akazange kuphakama ngenxa nje isifiso ukuhamba kulula futhi kumnandi, akafuni ngasezinyaweni zakhe, futhi ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuthutha wagon-. Futhi by the way, sihlola izindawo okwakubulawelwa kuzo umbuzo, yini endleleni, kumelwe kuphawulwe iqiniso ezithakazelisayo. Ububanzi Imigwaqo yaseRoma, okwakhiwa kuso e-Europe, ibalwa inqola yempi, futhi lolu khetho isibe kubalulekile traffic thoroughfares esizayo. Ezinye zazo ezisekhona kuze kube namuhla, ngokwesibonelo, kwi amanxiwa edolobha yasePompeii lasendulo.

Ngemva cishe ezinkulungwaneni ezimbili emva injini umusi kokusunguliwe, indlela enjalo linwetshelwe ukunyakaza, njengoba nojantshi.

izitimela

E-United States ngo-1830, ngemva kwesikhashana eMbusweni Russian yaqala ukubonakala wojantshi bokuqala. Ezweni lethu, umugqa wokuqala ayesuka Petersburg ukuze Tsarskoye Selo. Kodwa yisiphi isizathu okuyisona esikhombisa indlela ebizayo yokwakha?

Into wukuthi ngesikhathi, ngisho namuhla lezi imigwaqo baphakathi enokwethenjelwa kakhulu. Kakade ekuqaleni kwenkathi entsha ku amakhanda lokuqala bakudala abiza yokuthutha izimpahla ngesikhathi ongaphakeme ngokwanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi emsebenzini yilapho uhambo olude angase kwenziwe kuphela izinqola noma ngemikhumbi, ujantshi amathrekhi babe revolution yangempela. Ngakho manje siyazi ukuthi umgwaqo, kuhlanganise steel, futhi yini ukubaluleka kwayo.

Futhi kuze kube namuhla, naphezu ukuthuthukiswa air traffic futhi sithuthukise emikhulu, izitimela ahlale esibalulekile zamasu kanye nezomnotho. Ziyakwazi linesizotha ngesimo fuel, ngisho umusi amakhanda ubudala kutawucala kusebenta uma kunesidingo, okuyinto angenza omunye amalahle namanzi.

Isitimela kuyinto kuwo wonke amazwe, futhi eziningi ampofu kuba cishe indlela kuphela ukuhamba ezweni lonkana abantu abavamile futhi ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla. Futhi e-India, ngasendleleni, abagibeli ukukhuphuka ngisho ophahleni imoto, ngenxa yalokho zijwayele ukufa.

Akwaziwa ujantshi umgwaqo

Mhlawumbe mgwaqo odumile kakhulu ezifana - lokhu sesitimela Trans-Siberian, okuyinto welula yonkana izwe. Kuyinto futhi ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Futhi Kuhle kokusho nokwakhiwa ezinkulu ka BAM - iBaikal-Amur ahlanganisa imigwaqo emikhulu.

Imigwaqo emikhulu

Nge ukuthuthukiswa ebanzi ezokuthutha futhi kwakukhona isidingo eliphezulu nomthamo bushelelezi ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX. Phela, lapho zingase zidlulisele ihhashi inqola, imoto ungase babhajwe odakeni. Futhi Ukusabalala abampofu nomthelela bafake okusheshayo injini izingxenye kanye nokumisa.

Abavakashi ngentambo sisithandele cishe embulungeni yonke, lapho kukhona umhlaba. Kodwa ulwandle - akuyona inkinga, kulesi simo, ukusiza amabhuloho eside.

Imigwaqo futhi eze akhokhe: imali basolwa ukuze zinciphise isibalo "extra" Ezokuthutha kanye njalo silondoloze ngendwangu asphalt sesimweni esihle, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba nokugcinwa kamasipala.

Kukhona division ngumuntu imigwaqo jikelele-njongo kanye nemigwaqo emikhulu. Laba libhekene amaqoqo ambalwa, azikho izithiyo ngesimo tram amathrekhi futhi ujantshi yokuwela.