The main sezulu esihlukahlukene zomhlaba: isihloko, amatafula kanye namabalazwe. Yini izingxenye sezulu khona eRussia?

Isimo sezulu ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene iplanethi yethu njalo kunqunywa zone zezulu. Okunjalo kancane, kodwa Nenkabazwe ngamunye eyodwa noma enye indawo yemvelo has izici zayo siqu. Manje sibheka main nesimo sezulu esishintshashintshayo iplanethi yethu futhi kwathatha, uqaphele izici zabo main kanye nesimo.

A amazwi ambalwa jikelele

Iplanethi yethu, njengoba sazi, siqukethe bemhlaba nemanti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zingxenye ezimbili babe isakhiwo ehlukene (kusezweni kungaba ezintabeni, emathafeni, amagquma noma ehlane, ulwandle kungaba ukugeleza abandayo noma efudumele). Kuyinto ngenxa yomthelela lowo Sun uMhlaba ngesisindo esifanayo, ehluke ukuboniswa ezindaweni ezahlukene. Lokhu kusebenzelana kuye kwaholela yokuthi izwe kwakheka main esishintshashintshayo zezulu inguquko ukuthi kukhona phakathi. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka abe indawo enkulu, libhekene esitebeleni izimo zezulu. Lesi sakamuva imivimbo ewumngcingo ukunweba parallel yenkabazwe, futhi izinga lokushisa ezindaweni zabo ezahlukene kungaba ezihlukahlukene kakhulu.

Umsuka esishintshashintshayo yemvelo

Ngokokuqala ngqá, zokuma kwendawo ukuthi ubani main nesimo sezulu esishintshashintshayo planethi phakathi nekhulu le-19, futhi base ikakhulukazi achazayo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube namuhla kwakunamabandla amane: polar, athokomele, ezishisayo enkabazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi manje ososayensi ukwabelana sezulu polar ezindaweni ezimbili ezihlukene - Arctic nase-Antarctic. Iqiniso lokuthi izingongolo eMhlabeni akuzona ziyalingana, ngoba sezulu kulezi zici lihlukile. Enyakatho, Isimanga siwukuthi, isimo sezulu onomoya omnene ezindaweni ezibandayo, ngisho ihlangabezana izimila, kusukela ehlobo siyeza off iqhwa. Eningizimu, izenzakalo ezinjalo ayikwazi ukutholwa, futhi ukuhluka kwesizini lokushisa lapho NGOPHAHLA degrees 60. Ngezansi ibalazwe sezulu esihlukahlukene zomhlaba, ubuka lapho ungaya ngokushesha indawo yabo.

Equatorial sezulu phezu kwezwe

Indawo kulendawo yemvelo - engxenyeni esenyakatho-Ningizimu Melika; Central Africa kanye Congo Basin, kanye Lake Victoria bese iziqongo iNayile; kakhulu zonke kuleli qoqo leziqhingi Indonesian. Esimweni ngasinye kulezi zindawo usukela kunomswakama kakhulu. Imvula yonyaka lapha ilingana 3000 mm nokuningi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izindawo eziningi ngaphakathi endaweni zasezindaweni bhé, embozwe nasemaxhaphozini. Ukuqhathanisa yonke kwezinye izingxenye zezulu izindawo emhlabeni wethu kusuka yenkabazwe, kungashiwo kushiwo ngokuqiniseka okuphelele ukuthi lokhu endaweni ezimanzi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izimvula zasehlobo lapha kanengi ukudlula ebusika. Bayakhothama ngesimo izimvula iDemo nokukhathazeka kakhulu, imiphumela okuyinto wome emaminithini, futhi ilanga lifudumeza emhlabeni futhi. Kwesizini lokushisa ekushintshashintsheni ayikho lapha - unyaka wonke lokushisa kugcinwa ngaphakathi 28-35 ngenhla zero.

Marine sezulu ashisayo babesuke

I strip, ezisabalele kanye yenkabazwe olwandle, endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi okungenani ashukumisayo. Ingcindezi nansi ongaphakeme esifanayo, njengoba phezu kwezwe, ukuthi kwenza abantu bakuphathe omningi imvula - kuka 3500 mm ngonyaka. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, zinomswakama ngakho sezulu esihlukahlukene nezindawo phezu kwamanzi libhekene amafu nenkungu. Lapha bakha obukhulu kakhulu emoyeni uquqaba ngenxa yokuthi umswakama kanye nomoya, futhi, eqinisweni, ebusweni amanzi. Flow yonke indawo efudumele, ngakho amanzi iyasha ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi inzuzo zayo zemvelo zemvelo kuthatha njalo indawo. Umbuso lokushisa kugcinwa ngaphakathi 24 - 28 degrees ngaphandle ngaphambi kwesizini iyehla iyenyuka.

Izoni tropical phezu kwezwe

Vele uqaphele ukuthi main zone zezulu zezwe lethu zihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye, futhi akuxhomekile uqhele kangakanani nomunye ahlelwe. Isibonelo esimangalisayo lena ezishisayo, okuyilokho, eqinisweni, hhayi kuze kube manje bavela yenkabazwe. Le ndawo zemvelo ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili - nasenyakatho naseningizimu. Esimweni sokuqala, kuthatha ingxenye enkulu ye-Eurasia (Arabia, engxenyeni eseningizimu-Iran, i-nephuzu yeYurophu, eMediterranean Sea), eNyakatho ye-Afrika, naseMelika Ephakathi (ikakhulukazi eMexico). Okwesibili - lena indawo ye ezinye izifunda mpumalanga yeNingizimu Melika, oGwadule LwaseKalahari ngo-Afrika futhi maphakathi ne-Australia-mpumalanga yezwe. Lapha ubusa ezomile futhi ezishisayo, nezinguquko okusheshayo kakhulu lokushisa. kwezulu Lonyaka lingu-300 mm, cloudiness, fogs nezimvula awavamile. Summer kuhlale kushisa kakhulu - kuka-degrees 35, futhi ebusika izinga lokushisa lehla kuya 18. Njengoba ngokucijile futhi izinga lokushisa kuyahlukahluka kungakapheli usuku - usuku kungaba kakhulu ngendlela 40, kodwa 20 kuphela abazokwazi ebusuku. Isikhathi esining impela ukundiza phezu inkathi yezimvula tropical - imimoya enamandla ezibhubhisa amatshe. Ngoba kule ndawo futhi kwakhiwa ezingwadule eziningi kangaka.

Tropical phezu izilwandle zomhlaba

Uhlu sezulu esihlukahlukene zomhlaba kusinikeza ithuba ukuqonda ukuthi ezishisayo ocean anezici ukuhluka. Lapha manzi kodwa kuyabanda, maningi amathuba okuthi kwenzeke ukuletha izimvula imimoya enamandla. Inani kwezulu ngonyaka - 500 mm. Isilinganiso lokushisa ehlobo - degrees 25, kanti isilinganiso ebusika - +15. Isici sezulu kolwandle ezishisayo ezibhekwa zamanje. Kanye olusentshonalanga Melika, i-Afrika kanye ne-Australia yiwona emanzini abandayo, ngoba kukhona cooler njalo futhi uya woma. Futhi ezingwini empumalanga bahlanza ngasemanzini efudumele, bese kutholakala khona imvula, futhi izinga lokushisa komoya kuphezulu kakhulu.

I enkulu endaweni yemvelo: isimo sezulu sisivivi. Ikakhulukazi phezu kwezwe

The main sezulu esihlukahlukene planethi ayikwazi wacabanga ngaphandle zone esipholile owengame okuningi ezintaba zase-Eurasia futhi i-Nyakatfo Melika. Le ndawo libhekene zonyaka ekushintsheni - ebusika, intwasahlobo, ehlobo, ekwindla, okwakuyothi ngaphansi kwawo umswakama kakhulu noma ukuguquguquka kanye lokushisa. Evamile, endaweni yezwekazi sehlukaniswe subtypes ezimbili:

• Marine sezulu esipholile. Le ndawo, ise-West Europe kanye entshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika. Summer lapha cool - hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-23, futhi ebusika kuba efudumele - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-7. Lina ongafinyelela 2000 mm, ngenkathi bewa ngokulinganayo phakathi nawo wonke unyaka. Ngokuvamile kukhona fogs.
• Lokulingene sezulu yezwekazi. Lapha imvula incipha kakhulu - mayelana 200-500 mm ngonyaka. Winter kubanda kakhulu (-30 - 40 noma ngaphezulu) enesithwathwa unomphela, futhi izikhathi zasehlobo zishisa futhi yomile - kuze kube ngu-40, libonisa ngokucacile etafuleni sezulu esihlukahlukene zomhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye iphuzu kunqunywa kusukela elwandle, uya woma, futhi umehluko lokushisa lapho libukhali.

Ezindaweni ezibandayo Zomhlaba

ingcindezi High esishintshashintshayo zitholakala enyakatho kakhulu neningizimu kakhulu kulo mhlaba. Esimweni sokuqala, it Amanzi e-Arctic Ocean futhi konke akhona isiqhingi. Endabeni yesibili Antarctica. Imephu sezulu esihlukahlukene zomhlaba ngokuvamile usibonisa kokubili maqembu lifane sezulu endaweni yabo. Eqinisweni, umehluko phakathi kwayo. Esikhathini North iyehla iyenyuka yonyaka e lokushisa licishe 40 degrees. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa sehliselwe -50, ihlobo sekuqala ukufudumala kuya +5. Ngo-Antarctica, umehluko lokushisa kakhulu ngendlela 60 degrees, abandayo ebusika lapha lulunya kakhulu -70 noma ngaphezulu, futhi ehlobo thermometer kunqoba zero. Sici mkhuba zokuphasa izingongolo ezimbili - ebusuku polar kanye ngosuku. Ehlobo ilanga izinyanga ezimbalwa akusho hamba emkhathizwe, futhi ebusika, ngokulandelana, akazange avele ngaso sonke.

esishintshashintshayo Transitional zezulu planethi

Lezi zigaba zemvelo zitholakala phakathi kwamakhamera ocingo. Naphezu kwalokhu, anezici zabo ukuthi uwahlukanise esixukwini. Ngokuvamile, ezifana ushintsho emikhulu ebusweni bomhlaba kuyimiphumela izindawo lapho kukhona sezulu imnene, umswakama evamile futhi imimoya ngokulinganisela. esishintshashintshayo Transitional zezulu zatholwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, ngezigaba zabo uhlala ingashintshiwe kuze kube yilolu suku. Amagama abo aziwa zonke wesikole - sub-bhé, nakwezifudumele futhi subpolar. Manje sibheka ngamunye wabo.

Ekuhlaziyeni zesikhashana imvelo ezindaweni

• sezulu Sub-enkabazwe. Libhekene yezinkathi ezithile izinguquko sezulu. Ebusika, isiqondiso somoya kuyakuba lapha tropical emoyeni uquqaba. Ngenxa imvula incane kakhulu, emoyeni uthola ezipholile, amafu bahlakazeka. Ehlobo isiqondiso umoya uphambana, lapha kufika iziphepho enkabazwe. Ngenxa yalokho, inani elikhulu yemvula - 3000 mm, kuba kushisa kakhulu.
• Esihle. Kutholwe phakathi ezishisayo futhi ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa elithokomele. Lapha Isimo sithi asifane. Summer umoya ohlabayo kusukela ezishisayo, ngenxa lapho kubonakala khona kushisa kakhulu futhi libalele. Winter ufika zasezindaweni nge zindawo ngokulinganisela kuba ezibandayo, iqhwa ngezinye izikhathi, kodwa hhayi ikhava unomphela kwakhiwa.
• sezulu Subpolar. Zone ashukumisayo ubuncane, umswakama high kanye okushisa aphansi kakhulu - ezingaphezu kuka -50. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngo- ENyakatho Nenkabazwe zone subpolar ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi ezweni, eNingizimu - kuyinto endaweni okuqinile esifundeni Antarctic.

Yiziphi izingxenye sezulu eRussia?

Izwe lethu elise Nenkabazwe futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo eMpumalanga. Isimo sezulu lapha uqala ukwakha emanzini oLwandle i-Arctic nesiphetho ogwini Sea ne eCaucasus. Manje thina bhala yonke amagama sezulu esihlukahlukene main, okuyinto atholakala Russia: arctic, Arctic, athokomele, esihle. Iningi insimu yezwe ibhande athokomele. It is evamile ihlukaniswe yaba ezine izinhlobo: esipholile Continental, Continental, ngokucijile yezwekazi kanye iziphepho. Nomswakama ezingeni lokushisa izinguquko kuxhomeke endleleni shí nezwekazi into ngokwendawo. Ngokuvamile, i-State libhekene phambi kwabo bonke ezine zonyaka, elishisayo futhi yomile futhi ubusika bakhona bushubisa umnkantsha, ne unomphela iqhwa ikhava.

isiphetho

Izici embulungeni kwezincwadi kuncike ezintweni sendawo lapho itholakala. North umhlaba ngokuyinhloko embozwe umhlaba, ngoba kwamiswa khona okuthiwa ashukumisayo zone esiphezulu. waphawula Njalo nemvula encane, imimoya enamandla kanye enkulu eyenziwa ngezinkathi ezithile zonyaka lokushisa ekushintshashintsheni. The main nesimo sezulu esishintshashintshayo we Nenkabazwe - kuba zone polar, alungise, futhi ezishisayo. Eningizimu nezwe amaningi ala masimu amanzi. Isimo sezulu njalo ezinomswakama ngaphezulu, umehluko lokushisa ezincane. Iningi lamazwe nazi e zindawo subequatorial, ezishisayo kanye ezisondelene nazo. Esipholile Belt zaba kuphela icebo encane kakhulu eNingizimu Melika. Futhi, ingxenye enkulu yezwe ithatha indawo Antarctic, esemgwaqweni ezwekazini of the gama elifanayo.