Amagesi akhanya. Properties e-hydrogen, umoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen

Negesi - omunye uthi kwendaba. Akanalo ivolumu ethize, ukugcwalisa lonke esitsheni, itholakala. Kodwa-ke has fluidity kanye kwabantu. Yiziphi amagesi alula khona Ngabe yiziphi libhekene?

Amagesi akhanya

Igama elithi "igesi" laqanjwa emuva lé ekhulwini XVII, ngenxa sifanangwaca ngegama elithi "nezinxushunxushu." Particulate ndaba futhi ngempela kunezinxushunxushu. Athuthela ngendlela engahleliwe, ukushintsha trajectory njalo lapho sibhekene nomunye. Bazama ugcwalise zonke isikhala esitholakalayo.

La ma-molecule egesi wavuma zihlanganiswa, ngokungafani kuya molecule liquid ukudla okuqinile. Iningi zinhlobo zayo kungenzeki ukuzizwa izinzwa. Kodwa amagesi unezinye izici, isib, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, ukuminyana.

inhlanganiso yabo kwandisa njengoba inyuka ingcindezi, njengoba ukwandisa lapho ukwanda lokushisa. Le gesi akhanya kuyinto e-hydrogen, esindayo - uranium hexafluoride. Amagesi njalo elixutshwe. Uma amandla ezisebenza adonsela phansi, ingxube baba heterogeneous. Kulula uphakamise esindayo, kunalokho ukwehla.

Amagesi akhanya - kuyinto:

• hydrogen;
• nitrogen;
• umoya-mpilo;
• methane;
• carbon dioxide.

Izifiso zakhe zokuqala ezintathu ubheke iqembu zero we ishadi lesikhathi, kanye ukukhuluma ngazo ngezansi.

hydrogen

Yikuphi igesi elula? Impendulo isobala - hydrogen. Lona isici sokuqala ishadi lesikhathi, ngiyiphi elula khulu izikhathi 14.4 kuka emoyeni. It is ebekwe H incwadi, amagama Latin Hydrogenium (amanzi gendereth). Hydrogen element luningi kunawo wonke endaweni yonke. He is ilungu iningi izinkanyezi ndaba interstellar.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, i-hydrogen akuyona ingozi ngokuphelele futhi okungezona ezinobuthi futhi ayinakho iphunga ne ukunambitheka nombala. Ezimweni ezithile kungenzeka kakhulu ukushintsha izakhiwo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuxubana oksijini, igesi Kuqhuma kalula.

Kungaba chaza-platinum, insimbi, titanium, nickel futhi ethanol. Kusukela ukuchayeka okushisa aphakeme, iya isimo metallic. i-molecule wayo diatomic futhi Isivinini esiphakeme, esihlinzeka enhle kakhulu conductivity ezishisayo igesi (izikhathi 7 kunakunoma emoyeni).

Eplanethini yethu, i-hydrogen ugxile emalungeni. Ngu ukubaluleka nokuphumelela kwaleso bahlanganyele yezinqubo zamakhemikhali, kuba yesibili kuphela kunomoya-mpilo. Hydrogen eziqukethwe emkhathini, ingxenye yamanzi futhi izinto eziphilayo kumaseli yezinto eziphilayo.

umoya-mpilo

Oxygen kuboniswa O incwadi (Oxygenium). Wabuye akanawo iphunga, ukunambitheka nombala ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, futhi usesimweni gaseous. i-molecule Its ngokuvamile okuthiwa dioxygen, njengoba iqukethe athomu amabili. Kukhona ifomu noma ukuguqulwa yayo allotropic --ozone igesi (O3), ehlanganisa izinhlayiya ezintathu. Kuyinto okwesibhakabhaka futhi enezinto eziningi izici.

Umoya-mpilo Ne-hydrogen - amagesi ezivamile futhi elula Emhlabeni. I uqweqwe yethu umoya-mpilo iplanethi ngaphezulu, kumayelana 47% isisindo salo. Ngo isimo ahlobene emanzini liqukethe ezingaphezu kuka-80%.

Negesi liyisici esibalulekile wokuphila phakathi kwezitshalo, izilwane, abantu nezinto ezincane eziphilayo eziningi. Emzimbeni womuntu kunomthelela ukusabela namachibi zokunciphisa, engene amaphaphu ethu nge emoyeni.

Ngenxa anezakhi ezikhethekile umoya-mpilo, futhi kunenkolelo eyaziwayo esetshenziselwa ukwenza umuthi. Ngosizo lwawo ukuqeda hypoxia, nezifo zesisu, bronchial somoya ukuhlaselwa. Esikhathini umkhakha ukudla isetshenziswa njengendlela igesi emaphaketheni. Kwezolimo, ukuncipha komoya-mpilo esetshenziselwa ekwandiseni amanzi izinhlanzi zizalela.

nitrogen

Njengomhlaba odlule ezimbili igesi, liphethe athomu amabili e-nitrogen, ayinakho ukunambitheka evelele, umbala kanye iphunga. Symbol ukuqoka ke - Latin incwadi N. Ngesikhathi phosphorus kanye arsenic kungokwalabo iqeqebana pniktogenov. Negesi kuyinto inert kakhulu, okuyiwona wathola igama azote, okuyinto uhumusha kusuka French ngokuthi "ezingaphiliko '. igama Nitrogenium Latin, elisho "obeletha nitrate."

Nitrogen eziqukethwe acid nucleic, asinayo i-chlorophyll, i-hemoglobin namaprotheni kuyingxenye enkulu emoyeni. Okuqukethwe kwalo emhlabeni sika uqweqwe humus nososayensi abaningi ukuchaza nokuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo bawuthwale kusukela isiphuku eMhlabeni. Esikhathini igesi yonke ikhona neptunium, kanye nokwe-uranium, ingxenye emkhathini welanga, futhi ezinye interstellar isikhala mafu.

Man isebenzisa Nitrogen ikakhulu ewuketshezi. It is lisetshenziswe cryotherapy, njengoba ophansi iphakeji isitoreji imikhiqizo. Kuthathwa ephumelela kunazo ukulwa imililo, displaces oxygen ne wayencisha "potpitki" umlilo. Nokho, it yakha ne zobumba silicon. Nitrogen livame ukusetshenziswa synthesis compounds ehlukahlukene, isib, udayi, ammonia iziqhumane.

isiphetho

Yikuphi igesi iyona elula? Futhi manje wazi impendulo. Kubhekwe elula-hydrogen, nitrogen ne-oxygen, ezihlobene iqembu zero kohlelo gqwa. Ngemva kwalezi ulandele methane (carbon + hydrogen) ne-carbon oxide (carbon + oksijini).