Isakhiwo lysosomes kanye nendima yabo umzimba yeselula

Iseli kubhekwe njengento ultramicroscopic isakhiwo ephilayo, wanika zonke izici esingokwemvelo emzimbeni. izakhi yeselula ngokuthi organelles, enze umsebenzi kwemigudu yokuphefumula, zokuzala, ekuhlukanisweni nabantu bakaJehova, ukugayeka kokudla. Lysosomes - omunye izinhlobo organelles. Ziyakwazi izakhiwo odnomembrannym nemisebenzi ethize ezihlobene Ukugaya izinto futhi wonke iseli yizakhi cytoplasm. Kuleli phephandaba sitadisha isakhiwo lysosomes nokuchaza indima yabo yokuziphilisa kwamaseli.

Njengoba organelles kwakhiwa

Ukumela vacuoles odnomembrannye ezigcwele ama-enzyme, lysosomes akhiwa emathangini Golgi eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zibizwa ngokuthi primary. Iziteshi bona uphume umshini cytoplasm cell. Uma lysosomes ezilimele cytostructure uqale ukuncela noma ngivule udaba eziphilayo, bathola igama lesibili.

Lezi organelles zigcwele izixazululo enzyme uyakwazi cleavage zishintshe carbohydrate, glycolipids namaprotheni. Lokho lysosomes yesibili equkethe izinto ezinjalo eziphila abakhuthele ezifana proteases, lipases futhi sulfurylase. I internals we organelle has pH ngaphansi kuka-7, kusukela enzyme ngenhla abakhuthele isimo acid. Organelles labo abazokwazi endocytosis noma pinocytosis. Ukwakhiwa lysosomes kuncike kakhulu amaprotheni ethize kuseli kwakheka kwi imigudu luyimbudumbudu reticulum endoplasmic.

I amakhemikhali ukwakheka isakhiwo matrix kanye lysosomes

Ukuqhubeka ukutadisha izici lysosomes, cabanga kahle ukuthi izinto yakha imvelo yabo yangaphakathi. eziyinkimbinkimbi enzyme iqukethe ezibaluleke kakhulu yilezi: phosphorylase (uhlaba amino acid), glucosidase (izenzo ku-glucose, i-cellulose, isitashi) kanye lipase (kuqinisekisa yamangqamuzana ekubhujisweni amafutha, ama).

UQobo organelle ulwelwesi linamandla kuya enzyme eshiwo ngenhla. Kwezinye izimo, kuba ekuthonyweni kungani leso senzo sabo, okuholela autolysis - self-nokuqedwa ulwelwesi, ukuze izinto nolaka-matrix batheleka cytoplasm cell. Lokhu kuholela oziphoqelela ukugaya.

organelle umsebenzi

Kuyaziwa izinqubo ezibalulekile indlela eyingozi umzimba ukugqugquzela indle izinto noma izingcezu izakhiwo amaselula, ezifana mitochondria ubudala, ribosomes. umsebenzi okuphezulu enzymatic of organelles ezibonakala kulabo cell, elibizwa ngokuthi phagocytic. Kuyinto ngaphezu kwakho konke isakhiwo kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni: basophils, ama-macrophage, ama-neutrophil B lymphocyte. lysosomes Primary kulezo amaseli ngokwanele ezinkulu (kufika ku-0.5 microns). Ziqukethe enzyme ezifana ribonuclease, protease, DNase. isakhiwo esinjalo kuchazwe kanje: amaseli uyakwazi phagocytosis, wajinge wanamatsela ngokuyinhloko bacterium igciwane izinhlayiya equkethe amaprotheni acid ribonucleic.

indlela Ngokuthakazelisayo enikezela proteolytic organelles umsebenzi. izinhlayiya Foreign noma molecule kuthiwa ekuqaleni abanjwe vacuole. Ngalo okuhlanganisiwe uHlelo Lwesiqondisi Kungena Esilula okuyinto ukhulula enzyme hydrolytic. Manje lokhu organelle ngokuthi yesibili uHlelo Lwesiqondisi Kungena Esilula iyaqala ngenkuthalo Digest ezitholwe impahla-matrix. Imikhiqizo cleavage okwengeziwe ngokukhukhumala kwentamo ku amaseli hyaloplasm futhi izinsalela undigested egcinwa ngaphakathi organelles, manje ebizwa ngokuthi amaseli asalile. Isakhiwo ngenhla we lysosomes ezihlukahlukene futhi uchaza imisebenzi esemqoka zalezi zakhiwo yeselula.

Indima organelles eyingozi umzimba zomzimba womuntu

Uma ama-enzyme kule lysosomes ekhiqizwa ngokwanele, kunokuntuleka okukhulu kubo, okuholela izifo ezinzima ngofuzo, ezifana leukodystrophy metachromatic. Isakhiwo lysosomes kule zokugula ngokungavamile. Ngo-matrix yabo angekho noma i ngasebenzi isimo sulfatase - sakhathala salokhu sinamathele enzyme cerebrosides. Njengoba imikhiqizo umzimba kumaseli ijwabu sezinzwa, kumele ilahlwe, kodwa yokuntuleka enzyme ezifanele kuholela ekuqongeleleni lezi zakhi ku neuroglia futhi hyaloplasm neurocytes. Lokhu kubangela ubuthi e nezicubu sezinzwa esakha asebuchosheni nomgogodla. Ngenxa yalokho - ukuthuthukiswa kwezinso ngokomzimba futhi retardation engqondo.

Ngakho, odnomembrannye organelle obangela Ukugaya izinto, bafeza indima ebaluleke kakhulu kuseli umzimba. Kulesi umsebenzi esabafundela isakhiwo lysosomes, sithole izindima Inani kuseli umsebenzi wabo futhi wonke umzimba lwesintu lulonke.