"Mistral" - a ... "Mistral" - izici. "Mistral" ukuze Navy waseRussia

Ngo-June 2011, ngesikhathi Petersburg Economic Forum, kwaba khona into eseceleni ngokuphelele eyingqayizivele eziningi nezinye izenzakalo ezithakazelisayo. Ngokokuqala ngqá kusukela eMkhandlwini Wesibili neMpi Yezwe, abameleli iRussia yasayina isivumelwano sokusungula nge amafemu angaphandle isikali inkontileka nokulethwa eziphathelene nezempi. Kwatholakala ukuthi izidingo zabo Navy uthenge imikhumbi emikhulu, indiza zenethiwekhi "Mistral". Lo mcimbi yaba newozawoza, kusese shipbuilding amabhizinisi yasekhaya kanye yabusa ne-oda ngokwabo, ngaphandle usizo angaphandle, futhi ngafunda indlela ukwenza izinto kuyiphi ngezikhathi ezithile e "abangane" yethu entshonalanga baqala ukuqhatha izinwele ekhanda lakho, ezifana missile ngwenya. ingabe isifiso sokuthola kuphi imikhumbi zalolu hlobo?

Kungani ukudala "Mistral"

Mistral - umoya Mediterranean, kuhle abandayo, ngezikhathi ezithile ashaye izikhatha zomoya oshisayo spoilt futhi etotoswayo sezulu esipholile ogwini eningizimu yeFrance. Kungaba esingeke siyithole Ukubhoboza manzi kubanda Arctic emoyeni kwemali, osekuyisikhathi eside abasijwayele abakhileyo Murmansk futhi Severodvinsk, kodwa obucayi amakhala gallic kwakhe kuvela ugibele ukungakhululeki. Njengoba okuningi njengoba isimo sezulu, ezahlukene imfundiso lempi France kanye Russian Federation. Helicopter uhlobo "Mistral" kusala umkhumbi omkhulu, cishe elingenalo ukuzithiba uhlelo antisubmarine, antiship futhi ukuzivikela antiaircraft, okusho ikhono lokwenza kuphela isigaba, lizungezwe wokugada.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubonisa indlela fashion yamuva emashumini shipbuilding umqondo, owawuthi lihlala zitshalwa osogwini olusenyakatho angaphandle njenge "kude". Lokhu kwenzeka ngale ndlela: komkhumbi omkhulu eza uhulumeni nobutha buqamama ophephile nanhlanu noma amabili amamayela ke uqala ngomkhumbi nemishini ekhethekile-isikebhe isikebhe esinesinqe esibanzi sokuthwala impahla, futhi okwamanje ukushaqeka ezokuthutha ezinophephela emhlane kanye amasosha abaqeqeshiwe fly phambili, lithumbe bridgehead futhi ahlinzeke kungekho ukumelana ngesikhathi yonke inqubo. Landing izikebhe ogwini akuyona ngisho ebonakalayo, futhi uyisa ezincane kungalindelekile, ngaphandle-ke, ingxenye, zithi, akukho izindlela lé ukuthola. Yilokho mayelana simo, okuyinto yakhelwe uhlobo "Mistral". Lokhu umkhumbi inzika kakhulu, useduze ogwini akakwazanga ukuza. Ukusekela kwezinhloko zamaviyo ihamba, futhi, wayengakwazi ukwenza lokhu, akudingeki izibhamu ngokwanele noma imicibisholo.

Izici umkhumbi

A indiza emphemeni esikhulu ngokushesha kubonakala kunoma ubani kuthatha sibheke "Mistral". Izici yalesi umkhumbi omkhulu iyamangalisa. It has a ubude kwamamitha angu-200 kanye displacement 22 eziyinkulungwane. T., Nokho, uyakwazi ezihambayo idabule olwandle ngesivinini ifindo 18 kuphela. Amatilosi, kuhlanganise nama-pilot, cishe amalungu ethimba 170. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, umehluko phakathi umkhumbi izindiza yenethiwekhi, okungukuthi, emphemeni nangaphansi-emphemeni lendlu yebhanoyi, it has nezinye izici. Ngokwesibonelo, gumbi ukuthuthwa amathangi amane yesimanje. "Mistral" - umkhumbi othwala izindiza, kodwa okokuqala nokumqoka kungcono ukushaya umkhumbi ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni.

Kodwa amathangi kancane ukuletha ogwini ezweni elinenzondo, kufanele namanje ukuletha izwe bese ethula ogwini. Kuze kube yimanje, ubonelela ubuchwepheshe. Lena kokwehla imikhumbi wethu omkhulu (BDK) umane ukuphumula ngokumelene ekhaleni iqhaza ebhishi, vula kummango, kanye "Phambili ngokuba Motherland!". Army NATO amazwe isinyathelo ehlukile, dodgy okuningi. Kodwa kamuva lesi.

Wing usuphothuliwe, kuncike imisebenzi ingaxazululwa e onogada impi. Helicopter kwi emphemeni kanye lendlu yebhanoyi angazamukela 16 kuya kwezingu-32, kuye ngokuthi isilinganiso ASW, izigubhu kanye ezokuthutha aircrafts Ubukhulu ezahlukene weJiyomethri.

Libuye inombolo ebalulekile Manpower, okuyinto ethatha emkhunjini - 450 amasosha. This Ibutho.

ukulungiswa Okungenzeka neziphuthumayo bomkhumbi esibhedlela elintantayo. Kungase kudingeke ukuba ukuxazulula imisebenzi zezenhlalakahle noma ukuhlinzekwa kwezokulapha kuya amasosha alimele ekulweni.

Futhi "Mistral" - umkhumbi yakhelwe Kuzonyuka eside. uhla yayo ezizimele - ayizinkulungwane 20 amakhilomitha. Lena ingxenye yenkabazwe. Uma udinga ukubuyisela oda amakoloni edlubulundayo, ke - okudingayo. Kodwa umbuzo wokuthi kungani Russia "Mistral", Kusafanele aphule ikhanda lakhe. Overseas, izwe lethu asipheli. Fikile amabutho kuphi e-Australia noma Argentina ibonakala ingekho uhlelo, futhi ngisho noma kwakukhona isifiso esinjalo, imikhumbi kuzodingeka ngithenge ezimbili, noma ngisho ezine ... Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo lokubikezela ngokwawo original kakhulu.

Kanjani kokufika French

French "Mistral" kuwufanele ohlangothini lwayo, njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, amabili nautical miles kusuka ebhishi ashisayo lapho Okwamanje akukacaci ukuthi yini engenzeka, futhi ukhiqiza kusukela isikebhe esinesinqe esibanzi sokuthwala impahla yayo esibelethweni ekhethekile, ku esimelela zempi. Ukuze le nqubo, it has a-dock ezithile, nakho uzozala wathi imoto, zifakwe amathangi yabo nezimoto armored ke ukugcwalisa umhlaba ezingeni olwandle ezizungezile, futhi kuphela ngemva kokuba ukuthi kufanele ushiye umkhumbi umama wabo. inqubo kokwehla likhulu kangakanani futhi isikhathi eside, amahora amaningi. Ngo kweshumi izimoto zethu kuqondiswa ezine - a kwagcizelela ithangi Ibutho, esakhiwa izinkampani ezintathu futhi iyunithi lomyali, okungukuthi impela kancane. Singasho kugcwale umlomo ukuthi uma othize kungubutha kithi ngoba wazama umhlaba kucishe Anapa, eyinkimbinkimbi Ukuvikelwa ugu "Bastion" ukumisa kuso okusheshayo ...

Helicopter

The French babe rotorcraft yabo. Basuke ngenhloso zihlukaniswe amakilasi, ezimbili ezisetshenziswa njengoba emphemeni. Multi-NH-ngemigqomo 90 futhi "Tigers" cishe alinganayo share iphiko, ngaphansi osayizi yabo futhi ebalisisiwe ephakamisa idivayisi for ezihamba imishini labagibeli kwendiza emuva enqabeni, lapho afake ngokumelene iziphepho, amanzi olwandle spray futhi lwahlolwa yesondlo izifo. Vele ezimbili ngamakheshi ephethe namandla bephakamisa 13 amathani, omunye emkhunjini, enye eduze wheelhouse.

The main emphemeni ezinophephela emhlane singabantwana anti-Ka-27M kanye Ka-226, kodwa okubhekene phansi futhi ulwandle Okuqondiwe kuyadingeka futhi "Alligator" Ka-52. Ubukhulu yale mishini zehluke nozakwabo isiFulentshi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngendlela enkulu. "Mistral" eyakhelwe Navy isiRashiya, nge ushintsho olwaludingeka.

imininingwane yesivumelwano

The French ngokuphuthumayo adayiswa. Uhlangothi Russian waphikelela ngokuthi ukwakhiwa ezintathu endizeni ezine kuhlelwe on shipyards ayo usebenzisa yokungenisa imibhalo. isigamu Kuvunyiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, aft ingxenye wawenziwe ngesikhathi Baltic Shipyard shipbuilding umkhakha, okuyinto futhi inciphise intengo le phrojekthi. Of inothi oluthile high bemikhumbi yasekhaya futhi ephelele docking zonke ISIZINDA ngesikhathi inhlangano yokugcina St Nazaire.

ngombandela kwathiwa ngokushesha uvumile ukuthi ohlangothini French sizomisa kwi "Mistral" eRussia we ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zobuchwepheshe obuphambili imishini Ukuqondiswa kwemikhumbi, futhi ngaphansi izingalo ukulungiselela platform obandayo futhi badedele ukuxhumana ikhebula. Zonke missile kanye wezikhali izinhlelo, amaRashiya uyobeka wena uwedwa.

Isici esibalulekile ukusayinwa inkontileka wayesengaba ithuba kahle ubuchwepheshe yakamuva shipbuilding, ngaphandle-ke, amaFulentshi Ziningi ukufunda. Bahlanganyela ezihlobana indlela inhlangano yabantwana izakhiwo ezinkulu, nakuba Baltic Plant kanye United shipbuilding Corporation ngokushesha wathola i-oda icebreakers athomu, akuzona eziyinkimbinkimbi esingaphansi "Mistral". Izindleko yempi ezimbili kwaba 1.2-1.5-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane, plus ruble 2.5 billion ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi kwadingeka ukwenza bemikhumbi Russian.

izinhlelo Izikhali isixwayiso

I-radar main ogibele "Mistral" eRussia, okuyinto ukuba "amehlo" zabo - "Thales" French. Design izici umzimba kwenza kwaba nzima ukufaka nozakwabo yasekhaya.

I paucity yasekuqaleni izinhlelo ukuzivikela okubangelwa izimfuneko Naval Command ku kuhlomisa imikhumbi emihlanu SAM "nezimo", yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa "Lokhozi" kanye pair of ayisithupha barreled esheshayo umlilo wezikhali amayunithi AK-630 30 mm ubukhulu ukubhubhisa ongaphakeme-flying ngesivinini okuhloswe. Ukuvikelwa Antiship inikezwa izakhiwo of leSupersonic cruise ezicitshwayo uyakwazi "umsebenzi" futhi ogwini okuhloswe. ASW kuhlanganisa zonke kungenzeka hardware sonar isiqondiso.

Yekuchumana retrofitting engakaze kabanzi wakwambula, kodwa siyazi ukuthi zonke Russian "Mistral" - Ukuphathwa emkhunjini, kunokuba nje indiza futhi izimoto ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni, ngakho saturation kolwazi nobuchwepheshe on-ebhodini uhlelo lwekhompyutha futhi ibe yinto engathi sina.

sekulinganisa

Helicopter uhlobo "Mistral" - komkhumbi omkhulu, ezinkulu-umthamo futhi abadinga okulinganisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza yayo ngaphansi kwezimo yiziphepho ezinzima. Three umkhumbi wawusengozini isevisi ye-French Navy, ifakwe uhlelo ngokuzenzekelayo Norwegian ukukhiqizwa «L3Marin», okuyinto unomthwalo ibhalansi. Inhloso ukulishintsha eyakhelwe izinkantolo Russian balancer isiFulentshi, ihlolwe kwi corvettes okuningi ukukhanya frigates, okubangelwa ukuphikisa ikhasimende. Ngaphandle kwalokho, "Rosoboronexport" enentshisekelo eqondile kulesi simiso, ngokushesha nje lapho inkontileka kuyabiza ngakho. Russian indiza navigation ukuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba wakhe ukuze ulondoloze.

Izinkinga kanye nezixazululo

Unezinkinga Manning kwezimoto umkhumbi Shuttle. French catamarans kabili hulled izikebhe kusukela ekuqaleni kunqatshelwe, kanye ezifuywayo ngesivinini wezokuThutha i isiguqo emoyeni sigibele wezimpahla akuyona ibekwe. Savumelana ukuthi ikhambi elingcono kakhulu bekusayoba ukuthenga ezifuywayo ithangi-lokubikezela izikebhe "Dugong" futhi "negogo", abanesimo ubude 45 no-26 amamitha ngokulandelana.

Iyokhushulwa futhi sikebhe ekilasini ice, njengoba inkontileka lithole oda ngesisekelo ezindaweni okungenzeka ukuthunyelwa lwemikhumbi entsha. Ngokungafani nozakwabo isiFulentshi, endaweni wabo wemfanelo abutholakali amanzi ashisayo, futhi ethekwini, isibonelo, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky kuyinto nesithwathwa kakhulu. Phela, Russian umyalo asolwandle ngesikhathi ukusayina yesivumelwano wayengenasiqiniseko ngalomsebenzi lapho ukuba indiza based. It isinqumo kamuva.

Experience bokusebenzisa indiza

Soviet Navy wayevele enkonzweni enkulu izindiza aphethe antisubmarine impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu - "Leningrad" futhi "eMoscow". Helicopter Wing yempi okuhloswe ukuthola ezingaba ngwenya isitha. Ngemva lokuphelelwa yisikhathi futhi lobuchwepheshe ukuwohloka izinyembezi, athathwa aphume abasebenzi Navy, kufakwe endaweni yawo is kuhlelwe, ngoba ngokuvamile babengakwazi kangcono kakhulu kunokuba ukufuduka le BOD kancane, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ishibhile kokubili ekukhiqizeni futhi lisetshenziswa. Nomthelela lokuphelelwa yisikhathi abangaba low ukuguqulwa, okuyinto sabonakala ukungabi nakwenzeka kwento ukuguqulwa hangars ukuba izindiza ezinophephela emhlane yesimanje. Ngokuvamile, isipiliyoni nemave emhlaba kukhombisa kutsi abathwali izindiza ayilutho uma kulondolozwa, kufanele inqolobane, benethuba retrofitting e inqubo ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zokulawula, izikhali, ukuxhumana, navigation kanye ukuthola. Kulokhu, imikhumbi ezibizayo ongakhonza emashumini. Ngokwazi uhlobo indiza yenethiwekhi "Mistral" okuhambelana nalokhu umbandela, umbuzo obalulekile.

"Admiral Kuznetsov" kuhleliswa ayilona "Mistral". Lokhu umkhumbi othwala nemisebenzi ehlukahlukene, amandla ngoba indiza akusayikubakho nezakhi ezihlukene ngokuphelele ukushayela.

ukuphendula International

Imikhumbi angakafakwa kuphelile, njengoba isivele yamemezela ukuthi main itheku Far Eastern Military iba indawo besekela entsha Russian indiza yenethiwekhi "Vladivostok", elaklanywa "Mistral". Lezi zindaba okubangelwa ukukhathazeka esemsebenzini Government of Japan, uglyadevshego ukuqinisa indlela yokwakheka Pacific Fleet izinhloso ezithile nolaka. Yiqiniso, aqondisa nakwezombusazwe umakhelwane wethu empumalanga kukhona kakhulu nezepolitiki futhi angena izimangalo jikelele isilinganiso kuya "izindawo enyakatho", umbuzo okuyinto ephakanyiswe ngezikhathi ezithile, ngobusuku bangaphambi kukhetho oluzayo. Ucabange ukuthi elihamba Russian asolwandle kuyoba amahora ambalwa ukuze umhlaba nebutho ithangi endaweni ethile esiqhingini Hokkaido, akuzona ngisho nesibindi kakhulu yokushisekela izwe eqanjiwe Japanese. Isithombe "Mistral" ubukeka umxhwele, kodwa ngisho nangemva ukuhlonyiselwa ship imicibisholo missile impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu, ngeke ujike, slug kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile, hhayi ukuze, wakha futhi ithengiswe. Futhi lokho?

Serdyukov uchwepheshe lempi

Kuwukuhlakanipha ukubuza ngalokho akuyona, futhi kungani, futhi kungani. UNgqongqoshe wezokuVikela Owabe AE Serdyukov ezindabeni zamasu, kusobala, wayenolwazi oluncane. Kude bacebe kakhulu wayenekhono kulowo ne nobuciko yemvelo (Yiqiniso, it has ezazidingeka umqondisi ngempela okuhle ifilimu). Mhlawumbe Waphupha kanye, njengoba uyobheka ulwandle futhi ezisongela ezokuthutha omkhulu kanye kokwehla izikebhe ngaphansi flag of St Andrew. Futhi ngaphandle sokunconywa kwezobuciko, uMnu Serdiukov ngokusobala possesses isango ethile commercial. Kodwa lokhu kungamampunge nje kuphela.

Bona ubuze besimo yokwenza "Mistral" uhulumeni waseRussia, kungenzeka, nje ngathi ungakhululekile. imikhumbi emibili ( "Sevastopol 'futhi" Vladivostok ") kakade, kungaba bazitshela nomyalo Navy wamukela, nasemseni wokuba into engelutho yabo ngenxa yokuthi ukwakhiwa kwenye pair of ohlangothini Russian cishe wenqaba, nakuba ngokuqondile ngale iye uzwakalise kuze kube manje. Vele Wanquma ukulindela.

Kulungile, eqinisweni, kwenzeka lutho. Vertoletonesuschie imikhumbi ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni dock uhlobo awuhambisani ngokuphelele ne imfundiso wezempi Russian, kodwa ngezikhathi ezithile kukhona yezinkinga ngamazwe, lophocelela kimi izindlela ngaphambilini athuthukile. Mayelana enjalo inkantolo ungasho ukuthi 'bayizinto ohlangothini oluphephile uma. "

On yempi izimali zisetshenziswa, ayisebenzi ngendlela engcono, kodwa ungasebenzisa indiza e yokugcinwa imisebenzi, okuyinto, njengoba izenzakalo Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, kungenzeka ngempela.