Abakhethiwe ePhalamende kanye yendima yayo ekuqhubeleni kumiswa isimo eyodwa

Ngemva wokubusa Vasiliya Shuyskogo kwaba umbuzo yokuqinisa united state Russian. Kwakudingekile ukuze wenze ezinye isinyathelo esiwujuqu - ukuqeda ekuhlukanisweni kuze kube sekupheleni ukwakha iyunithi kazwelonke futhi andise insimu yezwe. Vasily III wabeka kuphela ekuqaleni kwale nqubo, futhi ukuxazulula izinkinga washiya indodana yakhe u-Ivan, naye owayenabo emithathu kuphela ngesikhathi ukufa kukayise.

Ngo-1546, ikusasa u-Ivan IV safinyelela nanhlanu (ngalesi yobudala kwafika yobudala esemthethweni), futhi amandla unina ngokuphelele lidlule kuye. Ngo-1547 wathatha isiqu esithi wenkosi. Wokugcotshwa owawusedolobheni Assumption Cathedral. Ngawo lowo nyaka kwaba khona uchungechunge imililo kanye kwaba nesiteleka ethandwa, ayebonisa ukuthi emphakathini kukhona udweshu phakathi kwabantu kanye boyars. U-Ivan IV waqala ekuciniseni kulwa uhulumeni boyar, ngokuletha abantu abavela kwezinye izigodi. umbuthano Inner ngokuthi "Rada Okukhethiwe", okuyinto lalinabafundi abantu ezifana Andrei Kurbsky, Metropolitan Macarius umpristi Sylvester, u-Aleksey Adashev. Bona kwenziwe izinguquko ezilandelayo okuye uyakhazinyuliswa wokubusa Ivan:

1. 1550 wakhishwa okubizwa ngokuthi Ikhodi Law - iqoqo imithetho ukuthi waqinisa isikhundla senkosi.

2. Ibutho kwakukhona Strelets amabutho.

3. Kube uhlelo lwezimali ngilunge.

4. Ukuphatha zendawo central kukhanselwe bondliwe futhi wethula uhlelo oda.

5. Kube isonto ngilunge.

Izinguquko eziye zaholela yokuthi ngesikhathi esifushane kuleli zwe khudlwana amandla negunya. Rada ekhethiwe kanye nohlelo lwayo kahulumeni babe ephumelela kunazo. Zonke izinqumo ezithathwe ngowokuqala 50 iminyaka leminyaka, abangu okuhloswe ngaso centralizing igunya lenkosi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iPhalamende akhethwe guqula yayo ngiyoba nethonya elihle ku isimo kanye nokuqinisa igunya lobukhosi, kwathiwa ziyoncibilika 1560. athile Izizathu zalokhu. Inkosi ayisekho omethembayo nabasizi bakhe kubantu, ikakhulukazi uma esolwa okuvukela uMbuso ngemva ukweqa kwakhe ePoland Andreya Kurbskogo. Futhi wakhula umehluko ngomhla inqubomgomo angaphandle kanye ezifuywayo.

Ngo 1565, u-Ivan IV esungulwe ifa entsha eNgophezukonke sika - oprichnina, ezazihlanganisa ekuthuthukisweni komnotho ezindaweni. Lapha, inkosi kwakhiwa emizimbeni bakhe uhulumeni - umcabango, inkantolo, ama-oda, futhi ibutho oprichnina, okuyinto kamuva yaphenduka ithuluzi lokwesaba zezombusazwe. Rada ekhethiwe futhi oprichnina banikwa imisebenzi ingajezisa, kodwa uma ajeziswe lokuqala kuphela boyars, le oprichnina unamandla ngaphezu kuka wonke amakilasi. Ngenxa kwekubuswa oprichnina esimweni ukusungula i ezicindezelayo umbuso iziphathimandla u-Ivan IV. Inkosi wathola isidlaliso "lo esibi" Kule minyaka engu-ezinzima.

Nokho, ukubusa konya kwaba kancane ngempumelelo ngaphandle Rada ekhethiwe nezinqubomgomo zayo. Ngenxa yalokho, inkosi kukhanselwe oprichnina ngo-1572. Ngemva kwalokho, izwe liye laba nezinxushunxushu zezombusazwe kanye nezibhelu ezilandela lokhu kwezomnotho of the 70s-80s. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwaba khona ukubhujiswa amapulazi, okwakukhona kulo womnotho wezwe - base egxile ekhethiwe Rada. Oprichnina kakhulu kwaholela esimweni esibucayi jikelele gunya Isikhathi oluzayo of Nezinkinga.