Abakhethayo RCD: isimiso isinyathelo nezinhlobo

RCD (asalile kudivayisi lamanje) eziklanyelwe ukuvimbela imiphumela eyingozi ku kubantu nasezilwaneni lapho kagesi othintana naye wamanje izingxenye bukhoma namanye amadivayisi kagesi nangaphansi voltage. Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile kudivayisi ukuvimbela imililo lapho wamanje ukuvuza emhlabeni. Umthelela okuvikela unqamule amapayipi ngaphansi kwalezi zimo:

• isekhethi lisebenze umzimba amandla, ngomzimba emhlabathini;
• zamanje esithwele contact izakhi emhlabathini izingxenye efile ukwahlukanisa kagesi okuholela ekulimaleni;
• ukushintsha isisekelo (PE) futhi singathathi hlangothi (N) Abaqhubi yesifunda kagesi.

RCD futhi ivikela inethiwekhi emandleni yokwanda kwama. Ukuze lokhu kokungathathi hlangothi ngesikhathi input idivayisi iphinde esigabeni okukhipha ixhunyiwe ukumelana non-eqondile. Ukwahlukaniswa zamanje kugeleza lapho ukwanda voltage ngenhla 270, ngemuva kwalokho RCD kukhutshaziwe.

amadivaysi Avikelayo ziyehluka uhlobo izimiso ukusebenza. Omunye esiwusizo kakhulu kuyinto abakhethayo RCD, ukunikeza target off amaqembu umthwalo. Sici Its is phansi isivinini ezisebenza isici (uhlobo S noma G). It efakwe eduze umthombo, it has a umehluko okuzisholo ezithothene zamanje 100 ma noma 300 futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi cisha kulandela RCD lokuqala ezivamile othambekele umthengi.

Ngakho, ukuvikelwa yesimanje kwamandla grid kusekelwe ukuthola amaphutha vimbela amasayithi ngabanye ukuthi isebenze ikumodi izinhlelo ezivamile.

owenza RCD kanjani?

RCD futhi ngokuthi asalile zamanje wesifunda full. Injongo uhlala: vala wesifunda lapho ukuvuza zamanje. Isici esiyinhloko zedivayisi kuyinto transformer toroidal nge Windings eziningana esigabeni futhi zero babashayeli kuhlanganisiwe esiphikisayo. Umphumela kazibuthe e operation evamile idivayisi uhlala zero. Ukuvuza emhlabathini kunikeza ukulinganisela yesibili emazombezombe zinamandla, okuyinto lapho lafinyelela ezidlula ezithile isicimile wesifunda nge asibambe actuator.

Ukuze RCDs akudingeki isisekelo wesitimela PE. Uma kungenjalo, uma angaba namandla okwamanje umzimba lisebenze ngenxa ukwahlukanisa ezilimele, akukho ukuvuza, futhi touch kanye lusekelwe metal izingxenye (Ukushisa kurediyetha, amapayipi amanzi) kungenzeka ukushaqeka appreciable. Kulokhu, kwethuluzi lesivikelo izosebenza, kodwa kungaba ngcono uma angena singene phansi.

Ukuze operation okuthembekile zedivayisi ukuphepha kufanele badedele phansi. Ngo ekusebenzeni besifunda RCD wesifunda ikhefu ngaphambi kokuthinta imishini noma ikhaya bezinhlamvu metal zikagesi.

izinhlobo RCD

RCDs ihlukaniswa by umsebenzi:

• AU - Ukusabela livela ngokuzuma noma kancane kancane variable okwandisa ukuvuza zamanje.
• A - okwengeziwe isebenze ngumuntu umehluko njalo ejabhile zamanje ezingasetshenziswa zavele noma ukwandisa kancane kancane.
• B - ephendula AC kanye onesigqi ukuvuza zamanje.
• S - RCD abakhethayo nge ezengeziwe ezithothene isikhathi imisiwe.
• G - iyafana S, kodwa ukubambezeleka kancane.

Yini RCD ukukhetha?

Lamanje yezwakala imvelo yasekhaya livela kusukela imishini yokuwasha, ukukhanyisa dimmers, amathelevishini amakhompyutha, amathuluzi amandla abanye. Amadivayisi ukushintsha segezi. Ukungabi sokuzihlukanisa transformer endaweni amadivayisi thyristor-elawulwa baye khudlwana amathuba AC ukuvuza zamanje ejabhile. Ngakho-ke, uma ekuqaleni kwaba ngokwanele ukumisa uhlobo izikhulumi, manje kudingeka uhlobo A noma B.

Lapho ukufaka RCD?

1. izindawo zomphakathi ezakhiweni lapho kungekho ingozi lelitfutfukile abanjwe ugesi.
2. Ukuxhumana ngogesi ne ingozi kungenzeka umuntu abanjwe ugesi (ezindaweni nge ephakeme kunaleyo okuqukethwe evamile umswakama, esidayisa iqembu, usule izinto zikagesi eziphezu nokunye. D.).
3. On the input esiyinhloko isivikelo umlilo ingozi. Ngokuvamile kukhona abakhethayo isethi RCD.
4. I amabhodi ukusatshalaliswa phansi izihlangu yokuhlala, emakhaya ngabanye.
5. Ngo osabalalayo amandla izinhlelo: RCD jikelele sokukhohlwa ethize diverter imigqa, sikhethe ongakhetha ukuqinisekisa ezithothene zikhethe.
6. On amazinga Ukuvikelwa Inner, isib, 10 no-30 ma, futhi 30 ma-40 m. P. selectivity RCD Engalindelekile zamanje ngenxa ngesivinini impendulo. Ngenxa yalezi amagugu it unikezwa, uma sithathe abakhethayo RCDs 100mA, ukuthi kwakukhona namanje isikhathi ukubambezeleka.
7. Ngenxa ukuguga ukwahlukanisa is hhayi njalo kukhona ukwenyuka kancane ukuvuza zamanje.
8. Lapho i ukwanda leso sikhathi of ukuvuza zamanje ngenxa ukwahlukanisa ukuwohloka ongaqhuba iyiphi RCD ezivamile ngokulandelana lapha. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa overruns okusheshayo futhi okuphawulekayo emazingeni eziningana sokuvikeleka.

Isidingo ukusebenzisa RCD abakhethayo

RCD ngokukhetha wenza ukuvikeleka ukuguqulwa umsebenzi umlilo lapho isicelo nge ukubambezeleka isikhathi - S noma G. Lezi izimfuno anda ukumelana izifunda okufutshane, ukushintsha ikhono, futhi ashukumisayo ukuzinza ezishisayo, njll ...

Ngokuvamile umlilo main ngokufaka ukukhwezwa ngokukhetha RCD kwi ukuvuza wamanje elikhulu.

RCDs ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ezifundeni ukuthi awuvunyelwe ukuvala ngokuzumayo, ngoba lokhu kungase kuholele eziphuthumayo izimo (umlilo noma alamu umgqekezi, ingozi kubasebenzi, nokunye. P.).

Ngaphandle RCD, ukubandlulula zamanje kumelwe kube nemihlangano oluseduze. Esokuqala isebenze eduze indawo ye-sindisa noma nesifunda esincane. Kulokhu, la magagasi wesifunda libangelwa phambi zamanje iphutha isifinyelele umkhawulo. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze avimbele nokulayishwa izingxenye zilandelana ixhunyiwe, kusukela wamanje odabula oxhumana amadivaysi zokuzivikela.

Izinhlobo RCDs abakhethayo

Ukuze abakhethayo RCD misa isikhashana ezibalulekile, iye kwadingeka isikhathi ukusebenza uhlobo idivayisi jikelele ngokufanele ngezansi isikimu. Idivayisi ne uhambo isikhathi ukubambezeleka sidlula uqobo zamanje ukuvuza ayicushiwe. Isikhawu ukubambezeleka zingahluka kusuka onobuhle. Ukuze imikhiqizo ifakwe ilebuli S 0.15-0.5 ngayo, ngokwesibonelo, 100mA RCD 63a ngokukhetha, benethuba ukubeka retardation. Kukhethwa kuyoba kuhle uma efakiwe emnyango ikhebula amandla efulethini. Abanye onobuhle angaphandle kukhona isikhathi kubambezeleka ngisho ephakeme. Ziklanyelwe ukuba vala wesifunda lapho isenzeko umlilo ingozi. Uma uqhubeka ukukhubaza Ukuvikelwa, aba maningi amathuba okuba ukuthungela lokwehlukaniswa.

Lapho wokugubha kudivayisi G osebenza basukela 0.06-0.08. Idivayisi ngokwanele ukusabela okusheshayo yezinkinga zenethiwekhi. Kufanele ukufakwa ngezansi RCD uhlobo S zikhethe. Lapho Ukuvikelwa ezimbili isigaba ke ingafakwa okokufaka main, kusukela RCD isivinini exhunywe ngezansi namanje ngenhla.

Uma kukhona inethiwekhi amaqembu amaningana imithwalo, idivayisi Ukuvikelwa ahlukene exhunywe phambi ngamunye, futhi kokufaka - abakhethayo umlilo RCD. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho ngeke uyeke lingakunika amandla lapho iphutha omunye imigqa, kanti bonke abanye izohlala axhunyiwe. Uma uhlelo ezinjalo kulula ukubona ukuxhumana okuyiphutha. Uma RCD ezivamile unephutha noma akasabeli inkinga circuit ke ukusebenza RCD abakhethayo (300 ma noma 100 MA) uphinde ukhubaze inethiwekhi.

Ukuqinisekisa selectivity ezidingekayo ezilandelayo zomculo ukubeka:

• Ukusetha isikhathi Ukusabela RCD abakhethayo, nangabe ubonelela kwakungenzeka lokhu;
• setha oyifunayo uhambo imingcele kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu wamanje ukuvuza.

RCD ezithothene izici isinyathelo abakhethayo kumele singeqi kwekulu asele okungenani izikhathi 3. Kuphela kuleli cala, idivayisi iyophinde isebenze.

amapharamitha RCD

Ababili isikhathi RCD ipharamitha kuchazwe ngezindinganiso Russian:

• ukuvala isikhathi - isikhawu kusuka indawo okuvela kuyo ukuvuza zamanje Δi ngabodwa kuze yokuqothulwa we arc;
• umkhawulo wesikhathi amadivayisi ukwehluleka ezifana S - isikhawu esiphakathi kokuqala nesenzakalo Δi noxhumana nabo ukuvulwa.

Umngcele we-zokugcina ichaza selectivity isenzo RCD. umkhawulo Inani layo 0.5 s. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuze kuvikeleke abantu ukuvula kufanele lwenzeke ngaphakathi ayi-10-30 ms, ukuvimbela umlilo ukwahlukanisa - kuze kufinyelele ms 500. S abakhethayo RCD oyibhalayo kabanzi lapho kudingeke khona ukuze kuqedwe positives bamanga ethonyeni isiphazamiso noma amandla okhuphuka ngokungazelelwe.

Ngokusho inethiwekhi ukuvala shaqa isivinini RCD zihlukaniswe ngale ndlela:

• ukusetshenziswa Jikelele - ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka;
• thayipha G - 10-40 ms;
• uhlobo S - 40-500 ms.

Imisinga ukuvuza zihlale ekhona izifunda kagesi. Isiphetho siwukuthi, akufanele futhi iyophakama kuno-1/3 zedivayisi okuzisholo Δi. Kukholakala ukuthi A 1 babe umthwalo 0.4 ma ukuvuza umthengi samanje, futhi 1 m ubude umqhubi isigaba - 10 uA. lesivikelo ulungisa ubukhulu bale Imininingwane wamanje ukuvuza zemvelo. Uma ungaphenduki, kungase kube njalo ukuhlatshwa komkhosi oyiphutha. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi iyunithi nge Δi = 100 ma ngeke ukuvikela umuntu abanjwe ugesi.

Uma kuhlelelwa amandla grids ayikwazi ukucacisa uhlobo RCD, kuyilapho izazi asidingi. Kodwa sona sithanda ukuzithetha abalithandayo kusengaphambili kuyadingeka. Kubalulekile ukuthi wamanje ukalwe zedivayisi lalilide kulabo kulindeleke umthwalo lamanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, RCD ifakiwe kuphela bhanqa ovamile wesifunda-full. Ungakwazi ukufaka omunye umshini yiwona esikhundleni amadivaysi amabili umehluko. Yena kuyoba eshibhile, kodwa nemingcele kufanele kushintshwe ngendlela efanele kuleli cala.

Ukuvikelwa RCD ukuze wire amanethiwekhi, lapho kungekho khona umqhubi zokuzivikela. Kodwa kuyasiza kuphela ngemva kokuthinta leyingoti.

Yini ukukhetha umlilo RCD?

Okukhethwayo RCD 63A, 300mA ngokuvamile efakwe itheku njengoba umlilo.

Abantu abaningi basebenzisa evamile imodeli ejwayelekile ngokufaka amadivaysi Ukuvikelwa endlini at 30 ma. Lapha umsebenzi selectivity "khetha" ngokwezwi wenziwa ngenxa umehluko omkhulu phakathi imisinga iveni. Kulokhu, kukuthenga umehluko intengo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, RCD ezivamile kuvikela kangcono ngenxa ukusabela ngokushesha lapho ukudoba ukuvuza imisinga. Umehluko ukuziphatha sensimbi ukuthi idivayisi abakhethayo icishiwe lapho umehluko yokuqala zamanje esilingana noma mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 300 ma. Lesi simo isivele ngaphezu kokuvamile, futhi akukho nokuncane ukungabaza mayelana yini noma cha ukuya control panel, okungase elise esibondeni emgwaqweni. With zamanje elikhulu kangaka, mhlawumbe ukusebenza ngisho RCDs evamile, uma kwenzeka khona ingozi emgqeni. Lapha futhi ngakho-ke kuyoba sobala lapho ukubheka inkinga.

Ngakho, umlilo RCD lingasethwa njengoba sokukhohlwa ezivamile.

abakhiqizi RCD

Legrand Group nomkhiqizi emhlabeni owaziwa amasistimu kagesi izakhiwo. isikhundla Oholela inikeza amazinga aphezulu ukukhiqizwa kanye nokutshalwa ezinkulu e imikhiqizo emisha kagesi. Ukuze Russia, i-Group uyabanikeza lonke uhlu zikagesi, esukela enethiwekhi kanye wokushintsha eziyinkimbinkimbi zokulawula.

Okukhethwayo RCDs Legrand kuyinto ngogesi futhi electromechanical (uphawu phambi panel). Kuye ngokuthi iyiphi inguqulo, lifakwe kuthabathela ecaleni noma phansi wesifunda oluseduze. ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi kuyinto adjustable (nge 0-1,3) futhi ukuzwela. Ngokuhlanganyela izibhamu ezisetshenziswa njengeziwusizo iyashesha ukuzwela noma eziyisisekelo amadivayisi ukuphepha.

kwamanani RCD ahlale eziphakemeyo njengokwenza nezinye brand.

ABB RCD ngokugcwele inikeza uchungechunge F 200 - kusukela 16 kuya 125 A. Okwesikhathi 63A inethiwekhi ekhaya RCD ngokwanele, 100mA zikhethe. Ngu ukuvuza imisinga i zasendlini okuvame ukusetshenziswa idivayisi 30 ma. Njengoba abantu bavikelekile ezingozini zomlilo lokungena eziyimfihlo zase khaya uwasebenzisa ngokukhetha RCD ABB (63A, 300mA) okwesikhathi ezine-pole ezintathu okhombisa inethiwekhi, njengoba omunye enokwethenjelwa kakhulu. Wayengekhona eliphansi in izinga imikhiqizo Legrand brand. Ukuze amafulethi nge owodwa esigabeni input yidivayisi okuguquguqukayo. Isithombe ngezansi ikhombisa RCDs abakhethayo ABB 63A, 300mA.

Umkhawulo wamanje okuyinto umshini uyakwazi ukumelana uhla kusuka 3 kuya ku-10 KA (eziboniswe phambi panel). Kuyinto wesikhathi esifishane, kunokuba wamanje yokusebenza. RCD uyakwazi ukuba ume kuze umshini amvalele phansi circuit.

I eqinile ingenye ekuholeni, kodwa amanani entengo aphezulu kakhulu. Abathengi bavamise kucasha amamodeli we ABB, ngoba ukuphepha kuyinto eqolo. Ikhishwa iyunithi umehluko ABB DDA200 AP-R uhlobo A no-AC. Inikeza lag nesikhathi 10 ms, nakuba akusiyo abakhethayo RCDs ABB. Tripping ijika izici itholakala phakathi RCDs ezivamile futhi zikhethe. I-apharathasi ikhuphukile amasosha omzimba ukuba ubala uma iqhathaniswa kumadivayisi jikelele-njongo.

Amaphesenti ukukhubazeka ngesikhathi abakhethayo RCD ABB, kanye neminye imikhiqizo, ngo-% 2 kuphela, ukuze izinkinga emsebenzini is akubone. amadivaysi electromechanical kakhulu ephephile ngogesi futhi kuzo zonke lokhu kunobuhle obuthile, ngaphandle intengo. Sebeqala kakade avele RCD nge actuator electronic, hhayi eliphansi in nokwethenjelwa lokukhanda.

Emakethe ungathola imikhiqizo at isigamu intengo, kodwa izinga akuyona kunabayeni ABB. Le nkampani futhi ukhiqiza uchungechunge FH 200, okuyinto inenani kancane, kodwa alahlekelwe kakhulu emazweni izinga lemikhiqizo F 200. Ikakhulukazi, akuyona ukuxhumana okunjalo okunokwethenjelwa phakathi fixing, okuyinto ngokushesha baqala hang out, njengoba kubonakala izinga lomsebenzi.

Uma uba abakhethayo RCD ABB, kumane okukhethekile ezitolo, hhayi ezindaweni ezingabazisayo. Manga kuyingozi ngoba asikwazi ukuvikela umuntu ngendlela efanele. On imishini Modular, uhlu ephinde efika samopalschiki RCD akhokhe eningi ukunakwa ngoba zibiza.

iqembu Patriotic izinkampani IEK ukhiqiza ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 7. Amagama imikhiqizo ukuhlangabezana namazinga omhlaba kanye ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza onokwethenjelwa amandla grids.

Ukuze RCD ukuhlangabezana nezidingo okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kudingeka usebenze thembeke, ukuvikela abantu abavela umuntu abanjwe ugesi, kanye wiring - kusukela ukuthungela izingozi. Kodwa ngaleso amadivayisi efanayo efakwe emazingeni ahlukene izifunda kagesi, ukwenza ngokukhetha ukukhubaza amasayithi ngabanye. Lezi izimo, kanye GOST 51326,1 okuhambelana abakhethayo uhlobo RCD IEK VD1 63S.

iqembu Mkhiqizo emelelwa abakuzuzile imisinga ngokulinganisa of 25-80 A, futhi umehluko imisinga 100 MA kanye 300 ma. Imikhiqizo ezishibhile brand big-igama zibizwa kabanzi njengendlela amadivayisi okokufaka lomlilo. Uma lokhu Ukuvikelwa inikezwa yi ezinkulu eziningi selectivity cutoff imisinga nokulibaziseka isikhathi ezithothene izifunda.

Ukukhethwa amadivayisi zokuzivikela

Uma amandla kagesi sokudliwa wesifunda elula zamanje sinusoidal odabula wesifunda. Ukuvuza sasiyofana ifomu bese ungasebenzisa amadivayisi AC-hlobo.

zesimanje ezenza ngokwethukela kuyafakwa ukulawula wesifunda asikiwe isigaba. thayipha kudivayisi isikhulumi ukuphendula kubo ngeke lapha, kungcono ukusebenzisa RCD uhlobo A, okuyinto uyakwamukela nokuphenduka wamanje sinusoidal. Amadivayisi ingasetshenziswa ndawonye, isibonelo, esikhipha ukukhanyisa uhlobo ezifanele isikhulumi, futhi izindawo ezithengisa okungase exhunywe kwi amadivayisi nge control ungacabanganga - uhlobo A. Kodwa uma udinga ukushintsha ukukhanyisa ukuba izibani energy-saving nge control ukugqama by esigabeni asikiwe, baye esikhundleni AC lwedivayisi A. Uma kungenjalo ngeke isebenze.

Ukuze ukwehlukanisa amazinga actuation izifunda kumele afake isicelo kumadivayisi zikhethe. Lapho bengena main uhlobo isethi S, ezingeni lesibili - G, bese leso amadivayisi ezithothene.

RCD akhethiwe isinyathelo esisodwa ngaphezulu ukalwe wamanje kuka axhunyiwe in tandem nalo ngesishintshi othomathikhi ukuthi ongasebenza isikhathi eside lapho esingeqile umthwalo. Uma ufaka umshini imi 50 A, ke kufanelekile abakhethayo RCDs 63A.

Ngokusho nezidingo namazinga, ngezihluthu yomculo iphaneli kubonisa ukubaluleka okuzisholo we voltage isikhathi futhi ukushintsha Δi zamanje. Uma kukhona ukuqokwa wave sine - uhlobo isikhulumi. Ukuba khona ngaphansi ezimbili nengxenye omuhle umjikelezo kuyinto Uhlobo A. okukhethwayo RCD kuyinto S futhi G. izincwadi short circuit ukalwe lwanamuhla luboniswa in the ifremu. Idivayisi kumele ukumelana kwakhiwe-kuze kufike, kuze umshini icishiwe. Ngokuvamile, lamanje akanayo isikhathi ukufinyelela umkhawulo. RCD wesifunda ikhubaza kusengaphambili engaphelele ayikafiki namanje, futhi ukwahlukanisa Ukushisa umqhubi ayizange luvutha.

isiphetho

Ngo kagesi amanethiwekhi yasendlini isicelo selectivity nesikhathi samanje. Ngenxa yale njongo, kwethuluzi lesivikelo aboshelwe uchungechunge emudwebeni esihlahleni, lapho omunye switch kuyinto evamile. Ngesisekelo isimiso isinyathelo ukunciphisa isikhathi ukugeleza zamanje ngomzimba ukuthintana ngqo noma ngokungaqondile ku izingxenye kagesi okuyizinto ngaphansi voltage. RCD okukhethwayo efakwe ngasekungeneni futhi yenza umsebenzi umlilo.