Submarine "Lada", iphrojekthi 677

imisebenzi Military olwandle abe mass izici yasekuqaleni. Shono inkonzo asolwandle bezilokhu kubhekwa ikakhulukazi wabhekwa njengonodumo, futhi isihloko "Admiral" aziswa ephakeme kunaleyo ojenene cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Omunye izici impi phezu kwamanzi ukuthi ungahlala ulinde i kuhlasela hhayi kuphela ingxenye isitha ebusweni imikhumbi nezindiza, kodwa futhi kusukela ngaphansi kwamanzi.

ngwenya German babe okwakwenzeka mbamba letimayelana nalesihloko oMfelandawonye ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, ukuthumela izigidi zamathani wezimpahla izinkulungwane imikhumbi phansi Atlantic. ESoviet Union wayezazisa umnikelo German ekuthuthukiseni ngoxhaxha ngwenya, kusukela ngawo-enkathini engemva kwempi ukuthuthukiswa eziphambili kulesi siqondiso.

Lapho ukuphimisela igama elithi "ngwenya" kubantu abaningi kanye kukhona inhlangano nge umkhumbi ngwenya omkhulu ethwele wezimpahla ezesabekayo ibhodi ngesimo esindayo ezicitshwayo ballistic, uyakwazi ukuletha elikhulu inkinga abaphikisi kungenzeka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo abantu abavamile ukhohlwe ukuthi Navy yesimanje kungekho ingabi yigugu kukhona ngwenya encane ingenakukwazi kagesi. Ziyakwazi esisemqoka eqinisweni bangamavukela-mbuso, i-kokwehla esikhoselweni ku isitha ogwini.

"Lada" omunye wemisebenzi yimpumelelo kakhulu kwaba ngwenya. Mayelana-ke namuhla futhi sizokutshela.

Uhlolojikelele

667 iphrojekthi Court okuhloswe ukuba afeze kwesimo endaweni futhi ukuketula imisebenzi ngokumelene ebusweni imikhumbi-ngwenya lesitha, ukuvikela izindawo ezisogwini ukushaya isitha, kanye ukwenziwa minefields nezinye izinkinga ezifanayo. Ngakho, umkhumbi-ngwenya "Lada", okuyinto unesithombe esihlokweni wukuthi ngokufanele ofanele imisebenzi kuba kwezimpi zanamuhla, okudinga ukuhamba esiphezulu futhi ngobuqili.

Isici se-ngwenya salolu chungechunge kuyinto icebo ukwakhiwa yabo, ngokuthi "emithathu ikota". Iqiniso lokuthi umzimba (ezenziwe ngensimbi AB-2) has ububanzi efanayo bonke ubude bayo. Ngokungafani ngwenya enkulu zenuzi, bakhothame nengemuva abe kahle ichazwe ukuma eyindilinga. Ngenxa bulkheads we sikebhe kuhlukaniswe emihlanu ehlukene. Onezitezi emkhunjini ezintathu.

Umxhwele izici hydrodynamic kuhlinzekwe yinkampani umzimba eziklanyelwe kulayini ikakhulukazi kahle. Ekhabetheni amayunithi abe nesiqeshana boom efanayo eyayiba khona imikhumbi iphrojekthi 877, kodwa empennage umsila wenza crosswise, futhi amasondo phambi ogibele kocingo. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ukuze adale okungenani ukuphazamiseka okungenziwa e imishini sonar, okuyinto ifakwe ngwenya. I "Harmony" kulo mqondo uphawu lokuma real: kuba ezithule ngokwedlulele, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola esebenzisa sonar futhi umsindo kwamanzi.

ukwakhiwa kwezikhali ngwenya

Iyindlela eyinhloko yokuthutha wezokuVikela attack kukhona izimoto eziyisithupha ukuqalisa torpedoes osezingeni 533 mm, ngeziqhumane ezimbili kwi emphemeni ongaphezulu zenzelwe kokudubula Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe eqondiswa. I izinhlamvu standard ifakiwe torpedoes 18. Ngokuvamile, umkhumbi-ngwenya "Lada 677" isebenzisa uhlobo ejwayelekile nezinhlamvu (SAET-60M, UGST), torpedoes ekhethekile ukubhubhisa ngwenya isitha. Esikebheni kwakuneqembu kungenzeka cruise kweminsalo, kanye 22 ezimayini DM-1 imodeli. Kungenzeka ekunqandeni ukusetshenziswa anti-uhlobo micibisholo "Squall."

kokudubula uhlelo ivumela kokubili isibhamu esisodwa futhi volley kokudubula ezimayini eziyisithupha kanyekanye. Phakathi ashona torpedo izimpendulo eziyinkimbinkimbi "Murena", okuyinto eyenza wonke ukusebenza kumodi othomathikhi ngokugcwele. Yonke inqubo kulawulwa ngokuphelele kusukela umyalo amaphuzu induna, okuyinto ifakwe ngwenya. I "Harmony" waba ngowokuqala eSoviet Union ukuthuthukiswa ngwenya-non-zenuzi emkhunjini, eyayizoba ngenombolo ezishintshayo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ukusebenza okuphezulu.

Ukusiza ukuvikela isikebhe kusuka izindiza ukulwa isitha, amatilosi ingakwazi onobuhle eziyisithupha MANPADS "Igla-1M". Coordination ngokubhujiswa kwazo zonke izinhlangano ukulwa kuqinisekiswa ngokusebenzisa "Lithium" uhlelo. Ngakho, umkhumbi-ngwenya "Lada", izikhali ukuthi ziye zaveza, nge Ubukhulu bayo encane okwaziyo ukukhulula inkinga enkulu kunoma abaphikisi.

sonar ububanzi

Ukuze ukuhlola sonar ihlangabezana eziyinkimbinkimbi "Lira", ehlanganisa izimpondo enamandla ebucayi. Iyunithi siqukethe antenna ezintathu nje, enye yazo sise Iminsalo ngwenya, kodwa ezimbili - ogibele ohlangothini wakhe ngamunye. Onjiniyela ububanzi esiphezulu ngokunemba anda nesilinganiso umsindo kwamanzi. Ngakho, phambili antenna ithatha cishe sonke isikhala ngesikhathi Iminsalo ngwenya. Esimeni umonakalo on-ebhodini imishini bukhicite imishini sonar ukuthi ngwenya "Lada" (Project 677) kungaba zathi emva kwakhe kule mashi.

navigation system

Navigation uhlelo - uhlobo inertial. Ingabe banesibopho sokuzinakekela idatha indawo esiqondile umkhumbi, kanye nokuzimisela ijubane elikhulu lapho on-ebhodini izikhali eyayingase isetshenziswe ngempumelelo enkulu.

Njengengxenye uhlelo has a imishini periscope ezifana Criminal Procedure Code "Span-98", okuyinto yakhiwa izakhi ezilandelayo:

• Ifinyelela inhliziyo periscope lomyali, "Span-98KP". It has usuku iziteshi eliphansi (optical ne-TV). I degree of ukwanda kuhluka 1.5 ukuze 12x, can ukuqoshwa waphawula idatha.
• Mast PHC, okungezona eyenza umuntu acabange eseZwini uhlobo "Span-98UP". Empeleni multi-function periscope jikelele. Njengengxenye design - iziteshi ezimbili (esigcwele futhi eliphansi), izinga ukwanda - efana induna isibonakude, kukhona ukusebenza okuphezulu laser rangefinder.

Ngakho, umkhumbi-ngwenya "Lada", esizokhuluma kafushane TTX ngesineke, kungaba ngokulinganayo kahle lisetshenziswe imini nobusuku izimo. It uhlala ayibonakali isitha njalo.

Okunye izakhi kohlelo navigation

Abantu yibona ababaluleke kakhulu iyona radar uhlelo radar imodeli KRM-66 "Kodak". Kufaka ekhatsi isibalo samalungu alo amashaneli omsakazo yekwentiwa kungenziwa eziqhutshwa imodi elihlangene. Lapho wokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo isebenze ikakhulukazi evikelwe ezifihliwe siteshi. Inikeza isithombe esiphelele isimo ezungeze ngwenya (kuhlanganise ngenhla amanzi), kodwa akazange unmask umkhumbi. Ngalo mqondo, umkhumbi-ngwenya "Lada" (Project 677) kuyinto ngezindlela eziningi into eyingqayizivele, okuyinto ngempela akudingeki analogue emhlabeni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi trite inkulumo ethi umsindo.

Digital zokuxhumana uhlelo "ibanga" imodeli. Kuvumela exchange of ulwazi umzila ephephile Imininingwane bidirectional yokudlulisela ukuze aqinise umyalo okuthunyelwe, imikhumbi nezindiza (i Kuncike at periscope ukujula). Uma udinga ukuthumela umlayezo ophuthumayo ukubaluleka ukujula okukhulu, usebenzisa qeda towed lukamakhalekhukhwini. Lokhu imishini ungaphakathi imagebhugebhu kakhulu, nekhono layo lokuvikela ngisho esimweni impi. Uma sikubeka kalula, "Harmony" - Lo mkhumbi olukhuni kakhulu.

Ekugcineni, iqoqo imishini navigation "Appassionata." Iqukethe uhlobo inertial navigation system GPS satellite navigation module / GLONASS. Ukunemba ekutholeni indawo ngesikhathi ukusetshenziswa iphezulu kakhulu, kodwa kuncike ukusondela base esiteshini izilungiso a "umhlinzeki" oluthile.

amandla plant

"Inhliziyo" the ngwenya kuyinto ingenakukwazi kagesi amandla plant, wenziwa ngokuvumelana isikimu ohlinzekela ukunyakaza kuphela ithuba kagesi. Loku kuyehluka angaphandle analogue ngwenya "Lada". TTS (ezokuthutha kanye nezinhlelo lobuchwepheshe), imikhumbi yangaphandle yayingavunyelwe ukusebenzisa alesi sigaba anganikeza ukunyakaza kuphela injini diesel.

Injini udizili itholakala kuleli gumbi engangikulo lesine. Ukuze ugesi generator kukhona izimpawu ezimbili 28DG conjugate nge rectifiers ukalwe nganoma 1000 kW ngamunye. Amandla lilondolozwe la maqembu amabili amabhethri. Ngo ngasinye salezi zici kuyinto 126 (basuke linezingxenye wokuqala nowesithathu). Inani umthamo kuhlanganiswe lonke uhlelo zisesimweni isiqongo - 10580 kW / h. Ukusebenza injini - kagesi, ezazivuswa odonsa unomphela. Mark SED-1, amandla ethize kuyinto 4100 kW.

Ekhethiwe injini amandla kanye nomthamo amabhethri akuyona ngephutha. Iqiniso ukuthi kule ubuhlobo sezivuma ukulayisha esasizosheshisa amabhethri, okuyinto cishe kabili kunciphisa khona ngwenya at periscope ukujula. Njengoba ingxenye generator akuyona ukushelela shayela iyunithi, ukugcinwa kanye nokusebenza kwezimiso lonke ukufakwa lula kakhulu futhi kuphephile kakhulu. Kulesi sici, "Lada" - isikebhe, ngokuyinhloko bangaleso sikhathi.

ukusebenza Basic wesifunda izinjini

Variable speed isimiso sokutshuza kagesi udlala Umhambisi main kuzo zonke izimo nokuhamba ngaphandle komkhumbi. Ngomqondo onabile, siye kakade wakhuluma iqiniso lokuthi ukunyakaza kwenye udizili kuphela ngesikhathi esinikeziwe ku isimiso. I bendiza has izindwani eziyisikhombisa, ezakhiwe ekhethekile, ongaphakeme umsindo ubuchwepheshe. Lokhu eziyimbangela ngokwezinga elikhulu sasishaywe izuzwe sibonga ngendlela saber izindwani, oveza umsindo sakugcina lapho ushayela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhumbi-ngwenya has amamaki amabili RDK-35 akude eziqondisa ikholomu.

Umkhawulo Isivinini okumele izuzwe phezu ifinyelela 21 ifindo. Ngo ngwenya kwamanzi hhayi bahlakazeka phezu 10 ifindo. Cruising sicishe sibe 6,000 amamayela, kodwa uma ushayela intuthuko kwezomnotho kungandisa ukuphila inkonzo ngomunye 650 amamayela.

Mayelana esahlala futhi esebenza nemibandela crew

Amatilosi kuhlanganisa abantu abangu-35. Ukutakula abantu uma wokutakula eziphuthumayo enikeziwe KSU-600 ohlelweni. Luhilela othomathikhi akude ukukhululwa liferafts imodeli PSNL-20. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange izingcezu ezimbili, ukuthi akuphi ku superstructure amadivayisi beya.

Sqm phezu ngwenya itholakala kuleli gumbi engangikulo lwesithathu. Ngokungafani ebusweni imikhumbi ye-USSR futhi Russian Federation, amatilosi wenza izimo ezinhle kakhulu eziphilayo. Ukuze abasebenzi kukhona kumakhabheni double. isikhulu ngasinye ukubeka ekamelweni elihlukile.

Ukudla senzeka egumbini lokudlela nge ithala izindawo. Izitoke ukudla, kuye ngezindlela zazo nezimfuneko isitoreji ahlelwe kwawokugcina izimpahla selehlile futhi uncooled. Eminyakeni yamuva, i-submarine salolu chungechunge efakiwe imishini abagwedli imodeli entsha: izilinganiso icwecwe kakhulu ihlinzeka ukulungiswa okugcwele ezihlukahlukene isabelo sawo sokudla nezisebenzi.

amanzi ahlanzekile, lilondolozwe amathangi insimbi engagqwali. ukudla gcwalisa amanzi ahlanzekile kungaba ngokuqondile izimo mkhakha. Ngenxa yale njongo, izitshalo kungeyona zinikezwa, ezisetshenziswa for ezisebenza yokushisa okuvela diesel. Ngokuvamile, lapho ukugeleza njalo izimpahla amanzi umkhankaso kwanele ukuqinisekisa yasekhaya hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi izidingo lobuchwepheshe. ukulayishwa ngokugcwele zonke ngwenya ezidingekayo ezizimele izinsuku 45.

ukusebenza eyengeziwe umkhumbi namathemba

Njengoba ngokuvamile kwenzeka, umkhumbi-ngwenya "Lada" hhayi babhekana kakhulu ngempumelelo evelile. Iqiniso lokuthi izici zayo Awuhlangabezani nezimfuneko yesimanje ezisebenza lesi sigaba lwemikhumbi. Ngakho, ngaleso sikhathi kukhona umsebenzi olunzulu lokuphathwa ukudalwa ngamandla anaerobic. Ekupheleni 2012 isifiso ukuthenga ngwenya eziyisithupha Project 677 "Lada" waveza India, uzakwethu ongumakad 'ebona amasu wezwe lakithi.

Uma sikubeka kalula, lelive lidzinga ngwenya enjalo ingenakukwazi kagesi, okungase kube imikhankaso yezempi ngangokunokwenzeka isikhathi eside, ngaphandle kwesidingo ephakamisa ngisho at periscope ukujula. Submarine "Lada", airindependent isitshalo amandla okuzokwenza bayokwenziwa baphelele, uzokwazi ukwenza izinyanga eziningi "heats". Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ucwaningo kule ndawo iyaphumelela ngempela.

Kuyini okusha?

Innovations ekuklanyweni umkhumbi efakazelwe zizokwenziwa eziningi. Umthuthukisi izenzo inkampani abadumile CDB ME "Rubin". Phakathi no-2013 kwathiwa ekugcineni wanquma ukuthi ngwenya "Harmony" Uzoqhubeka enkonzweni nge Navy Russian. I olwesimanje, yebo, ifomu.

ukunakwa okuningi sakhokhwa sesimanje ochwepheshe zendawo on-ebhodini izinhlaba. Ingabe uhlaziywe ngokuphelele ukufakwa okuzenzakalelayo torpedo iguqulwe cishe ngokuphelele (okusekelwe ukusetshenziswa zanamuhla technology) Mechanics amandla kagesi isitshalo.

Ungahlali "indiva" kanye navigation: ukucabangela indlela izixazululo eziningi ezintsha adidiyelwe ke, singasho ukuthi uhlelo kabusha esungulwe. Akumangazi ukuthi umkhumbi ezinjalo "Lada" nakanjani ikhanga amakhasimende angaphandle.

Okokuqala esitokisini uyakwehla "Kronstadt". Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa wangaphambili "izintokazi ubudala" abazimisele ukubhala off, namuhla waba omunye ngwenya eziphambili kakhulu ze-non-zenuzi emhlabeni. Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi ngenkathi sigcina ijubane emsebenzini bayokujabulela ukuthola hhayi kuphela ekhaya we Navy, kodwa futhi amakhasimende amaningi angaphandle, ukusekela isabelomali wezwe.

Nokho, izikebhe eziningi Project 677 "Lada" Namuhla Russia kuyadingeka, ngoba le mikhumbi ayindlela ukuvikela imingcele zasolwandle kanye nemida, izwe lethu likwazi ngokuchichimayo.