Isikhathi eside impela eLeningrad, abantwana bakwa-nokuvinjelwa. Umlando ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe

Isikhathi eside impela eLeningrad, abantwana bakwa-nokuvinjelwa ... la mazwi ezwa ngamunye. Omunye ophakeme kunabo bonke ngesikhathi esifanayo Amakhasi edabukisayo endaweni yokugcina ka ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Lezi zenzakalo ungene emlandweni njengoba ende futhi okubi kunakho nemiphumela yayo kuya Ukuvinjezelwa komuzi. Izinto ezenzeka kuleli dolobha kusukela 09.08.1941 ku 27.01.1944, emhlabeni wonke baye babonisa umoya esikhulu sabantu, bayakwazi ukuphanga ngokuya indlala, izifo, abandayo nasekubhujisweni. City basinda, kodwa inani elikhokhiwe lokhu kunqoba laliphezulu kakhulu.

Ukuvinjelwa. ekuqaleni

Hlela "Barbarossa" - kangaka okuthiwa isu isitha, owawuthi ekuthatheni kwenziwa zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Elinye lamaphuzu we plan kwaba ukunqotshwa okuphelele futhi bamba ngesikhathi esifushane eLeningrad. Hitler wafuna ukuthola edolobheni kungakapheli ekwindla 1941. Amacebo we umqali okwakungafanele abe kuyo. Umuzi, nginqume emhlabeni, kodwa akazange athathe!

Limise nokuvinjelwa eqoshiwe Septhemba 8, 1941. Kwakuphakathi nalesikhathi usuku ekwindla, amabutho aseJalimane ethumba Shliserburg futhi sivinjelwe ngokuphelele Leningrad umhlaba ukuxhumana lonke izwe.

Empeleni, kwenzeka kancane ekuqaleni. AmaJalimane ehlelekile isehlane edolobheni. Ngakho, kusukela ngo-July 2, izindiza-German ngamabhomu wojantshi njalo, ekuvimbeleni supply kwemikhiqizo ngale ndlela. Agasti 27 uxhumano emzini ngamasango indlela yensimbi iphukile ngokuphelele. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-3, idolobha siphukile ngenxa kagesi izitshalo amandla. Futhi ngo-September 1, wayeka zonke izitolo commercial.

Iqiniso lokuthi isimo sibi, ekuqaleni cishe akekho babekholelwa. Nokho abantu wazizwa kukhona okungahambi kahle, saqala ukulungiselela babi. Izitolo akhishwe ngokushesha. Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala emzini sethule namakhadi ukudla, ivaliwe izikole kanye izinkulisa.

Abantwana bakwa emzini ovinjezelwe

Usizi okukhulu isiphetho ngabantu abaningi sihleli nokuvinjelwa Leningrad. Izingane ukuvinjelwa - isigaba okhethekile abakhileyo kulo muzi, lapho izimo aye alahlekisela ebuntwaneni, baphoqwa ukuba zikhule ngisemncane kakhulu, futhi ukulwela sokusinda ezingeni abadala abavuthiwe e isipiliyoni abantu.

Ngesikhathi sokuvalwa indandatho phama, ngaphezu abadala, edolobheni izingane ayizinkulungwane 400 bobudala obungefani. Kuyinto ukunakekela izingane kweLeningrad wanginika amandla engeziwe: anakekela, baziswa, benikwa imibhinco, bazam nokucashela amabhomu, ukunakekelwa olunzulu. Wonke umuntu wayazi ukuthi izingane azikwazi ukulondolozwa kuphela kulondolozwe edolobheni.

Abadala bahluleka ukuvikela izingane yindlala, abandayo, isifo nokutubeka, kodwa konke okungase kwenziwe kubo.

abandayo

Ukuphila Leningrad ovinjezelwe sasinzima, babulawa. Shelling wayengeyena okubi kakhulu ukuthi kwenzeka ukuze usinde abathunjwa edolobheni. Lapho ivaliwe konke amandla nobumnyama wasibekela edolobheni, yaqala inkathi enzima kakhulu. Kwafika iqhwa, abandayo ebusika.

City embozwe yiqhwa, isithwathwa ka-40 degrees kwaholela yokuthi ezindongeni amafulethi unheated waqala ukuba angayisibekela indaba ne frost. Abantu kweLeningrad baphoqeleka ukufaka isitofu ezindlini zabo, okuyinto kancane kancane nokushisa, kwashiswa yonke into: ifenisha, izincwadi, izinto zasekhaya.

enkingeni okusha lapho simisiwe amapayipi. Manje, amanzi zingafundwa kuphela 2 izindawo: kusukela Fontanka futhi iNeva.

indlala

Izibalo sad sithi isitha esikhulu kunazo zonke izakhamuzi zedolobha isanda elambile.

Winter 1941 kwaba uvivinyo lwangempela sokusinda. Ukuze ulungise ekuhlinzekeni abantu abane-isinkwa, isabelo amakhadi kwangena. usayizi isabelo unqabile kancane kancane, ngo-November Wafinyelela ubuncane bayo.

Izinkambiso e Leningrad ovinjezelwe okulandelako: kulabo ababesebenza - bekumele 250g. isinkwa, ezempi, izicishamlilo namalungu amayunithi fighter wathola 300 g, kanye nezingane, kanye nalabo baba ezokuvikela akwamanye amazwe -. 125 gr.

Noma yimuphi omunye imikhiqizo emzini wayesehambile. 125 amagremu isinkwa ovinjezelwe zifana kancane nesethu, abavamile, ukudla ajwayelekile okunesitashi. Le piece, okungase wathola kwaba kuphela ngemva kwamahora ngimi emgqeni emakhazeni, ehlanganisa i-cellulose, ikhekhe, lodonga unamathisele, ixutshwe ufulawa.

Kwakuba nezinsuku lapho, futhi lokhu ucezu athandwayo zabantu awukwazi ukuthola. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuqhuma kwamabhomu we izimboni hhayi babesebenza.

Abantu bazame ukusinda ngendlela engcono kakhulu ababengenza. izisu engenalutho wazama ukugcwalisa ezingase ezokugwinywa. Ngokuhamba aya: akhishwe kits (ukuphuza uwoyela ocolisekileyo, badla Vaseline), wadabula sangemuva ukuze bathole izinsalela nokunamathisela upheke okungenani nesobho, uthathe yizicucu futhi abilisiwe lesikhumba nezicathulo, ukhuni glue okulungiselelwe jelly.

Ngokwemvelo, izingane ngesikhathi isipho esihle kunazo zonke kwaba ukudla. Basuke njalo ecabanga okumnandi. Leso sidlo, okuyinto ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile becikekile manje khona okufezwayo.

Holiday izingane

Naphezu enyantisa igazi, izimo ezisongela ukuphila lempilo Leningrad ngentshiseko enkulu nokukhuthala wazama izingane, abangu wathunjwa abandayo nedolobha elambile, waphila ukuphila okwanelisayo. Futhi uma ukudla kanye ukushisa wayengekho endaweni ethile ukuthatha ke ukwenza iholide kungenzeka.

Ngakho, ngesikhathi ebusika esibi, lapho kwakukhona nokuvinjelwa Leningrad, ukuvinjelwa izingane ayegubha unyaka omusha omuhle. isinqumo abaphakanyiselwe ekungeneni ekomidini eliphezulu Leningrad City Council ayehlelwe futhi baqhuba uNcibijane amaholide abasha abahlala emadolobheni.

Zonke amathiyetha komuzi wathatha ingxenye esebenzayo. izinhlelo iholide abadonsekela up, ezazihlanganisa umhlangano izinduna kanye bomlilo, ukubingelela kwezobuciko, uhlelo umdlalo nomdanso isihlahla sikaKhisimusi, futhi okubaluleke - kwasemini.

Ngezinye mikhosi ke kwadingeka konke ngaphandle imidlalo kanye umdanso izicucu. Zonke ngenxa yokuthi izingane obuthaka abanawo amandla ukuzijabulisa okunjalo. Izingane akudingeki kumnandi - base elinde ukudla.

Dinner kwakuba obuncane isinkwa imvubelo isobho, jelly and patties wenza kusukela okusanhlamvu. Ngazi indlala izingane badla, kancane, ukukha ngokucophelela nsuku imvuthuluka, ngoba wayekwazi ukubaluleka okukhulu isinkwa ovinjezelwe.

isikhathi esinzima

Izingane kulesi sikhathi, wawesinda kakhudlwana kakhulu kunalokho umuntu omdala, usazi kahle emphakathini. Indlela uchaze ukuthi kungani phakathi nesikhathi sokuqhuma kwamabhomu ukuhlala sela emnyama, futhi kungani kungekho ukudla kuphi, izingane? Mayelana nokuvinjezelwa kweLeningrad kumemori abantu usalokhu eziningi horror izindaba mayelana izingane ezilahliwe, guys olulodwa ayezama ukusinda. Phela, ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi eshiya isabelo babezazisa, Izihlobo zale ngane nje wafa endleleni, akafikanga ekhaya.

Inombolo amakhaya ezingane leli dolobha liye lakhula sisondela ngokungenakuvinjelwa. Ngonyaka owodwa, inombolo yabo selingaphezu amadijithi 98, futhi eqinisweni ekupheleni 1941 kwakunabamemezeli Duzane ayizinkulungwane 40 izintandane 17. kuphela obuzama aqukethe nokulondoloza kulezi zokukhosela.

Njalo isakhamuzi kancane emzini ovinjezelwe has a iqiniso esabekayo. Izwe lonke baba Diaries abadumile Leningrad yesikole Tani Savichevoy.

Symbol yokuhlupheka Leningrad

Tanya Savicheva - manje igama elifanekisela horror nokungabi nathemba, okuyinto kwadingeka alwe abakhileyo emzini. Yini ke ngasinda Leningrad! Tanya Savicheva Tshela umhlaba lo ngendaba ebuhlungu ngokusebenzisa iphephabhuku yakhe okufakiwe.

Le ntombazane ingane encane ka Maria Nikolaya Savichevyh. Ngesikhathi iJerusalema livinjezelwe, ezaqala ngo-September, obekumele ube umfundi Kwekilasi 4. Lapho lo mndeni mayelana iqala impi, kwenziwa isinqumo kuphi komuzi hhayi ukuhamba, kodwa ngacabanga ukuhlala futhi unikeze konke usizo kungenzeka impi.

Umama intombazane bathunga izingubo amasosha. UMfoweth 'Lech, ngubani wayengaboni kahle, lingenyuswanga empini, ayeyisebenzela Admiralty Shipyard. UDade UTanya, zhenya noNina, babe babambe iqhaza elibonakalayo ekulweni nesitha. Ngakho, Nina, kuyilapho kwakukhona onamandla, wahamba wayosebenza, lapho, kanye nezinye izisebenzi zokuzithandela ukumba imisele ukuze uqinise sokuzivikela salo muzi. Zhenya, ecashele noninakhulu, banikele ngasese igazi zabashokobezi kwabonayo.

UTania, lapho emzini matasa ekuqaleni kuka November futhi wathola esikoleni, waya ukufunda. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwatholakala izikole 103 kuphela, kodwa kanye ukufika yesithwathwa ezinzima baye kuyekile ukusebenza.

UTanya, intombazane encane, kakhulu, ayihlali lutho. Ndawonye nezinye izingane, wasiza umbe imisele, acime "umentshisi".

Ngokushesha entabeni sangqongqoza lomndeni. Eyokuqala akazange abuye, uNina. Le ntombazane yayingazi ukuthi ukuza emva amabhomu abanolaka. Lapho kuba sobala ukuthi Nina abakaze ukubona, umama angibeletha uTanya udade notebook. Yilapho-ke Intombazane kamuva enze entry yabo.

Impi. Ukuvinjelwa. Leningrad - emzini ovinjezelwe, lapho imindeni yonke safa. Kwaba njalo Savicheva umndeni.

Eugene bafa ngemva ngqo kule mboni. Wasebenza, ukugaya behambe 2 ukuqhela ilandelana. Wanika igazi. Lapha ukuphoqa nangaphezulu.

sizi wehluleka ugogo, kwakulele owesifazane wangcwatshwa emathuneni Piskarevskoe.

Futhi isikhathi ngasinye, lapho intaba ishaya ngamandla phezu emnyango wendlu Savicheva, uTanya wavula yakhe yamaphuzu ukumaka ukufa komunye abathandekayo. Ngokushesha wafa Leka, ngaye ukuba abe intombazane ezimbili omalume, umama wafa ke.

"Savichevs bonke sebafa. Tanya wasala yedwa "- lezi imigqa abesabekayo idayari uTanya aqukethe umonakalo babebone abakhileyo emzini ovinjezelwe. Tanya wafa. Kodwa wayeshaye eceleni, wayengakwazi ukuthi wayengumuntu ephilayo phakathi kwayo Savicheva. Kwaba udadewabo, UNina, kugcinwa phakathi amabhomu bayiswa ezingemuva.

Yilokho UNina, wabuyela izindonga lwakubo ngo-1945, ngeke Ukubloga nodadewabo ukutshela umhlaba le ndaba esabekayo. Umlando we-abantu wonke, ngesibindi onilwelayo lakubo.

Izingane - amaqhawe ukuvinjelwa Leningrad

Zonke izakhamuzi zedolobha, sasinda futhi wathandwa ukufa, zokulungile kufanele ngokuthi namaqhawe.

Ikakhulukazi heroically baziphathe iningi lezingane. Little enkulu izakhamuzi zezwe kungukuthi ehleli elinde, lapho kuyofika wenkululeko; alwa for Leningrad lwakubo.

Cishe noma yimuphi umcimbi emzini akazange athathe indawo ngaphandle iqhaza kwezingane. Izingane njengoba abadala wathatha ingxenye ekubhubhiseni amabhomu incendiary, welula imililo, lihlanjululwe tram amathrekhi nemigwaqo doti assorted emva ngamabhomu.

Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa nokuvinjelwa Leningrad. Izingane baphoqeleka ukuba esikhundleni ukuvinjelwa eduze imishini imboni abadala abashona, eseshonile noma baya phambili. Ikakhulukazi izingane owayesebenza izimboni, zakhiwa wakha ukuma ekhethekile sokhuni, ukuze bakwazi, njengoba abadala, ukusebenza lapho kuvezwa izingxenye for izibhamu, wezikhali amagobolondo izibhamu.

Entwasahlobo and ekwindla izingane ayematasa ukusebenza emasimini kanye nesimo ipulazi Amasimu. Phakathi kuphangwa isignali uthisha wakhonza kubantwana, ukuthatha off izigqoko, wawa ngobuso emhlabathini. Ukunqoba ukushisa, ukungcola, imvula, isithwathwa lokuqala, namaqhawe abasha kweLeningrad ovinjezelwe eqoqwe isivuno irekhodi.

Izingane izibhedlela wayevame: bahlanza khona, babungaza abalimele, wasiza ukondla ugula ubangwa nezibi.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amaJalimane bénza konke okusemandleni abo ukuze abhubhise Leningrad, edolobheni ezazihlala. Waphila zawo futhi wasinda. Ngemva bephakamisa nokuvinjelwa izingane ayizinkulungwane 15 wathola indondo "Ukuze wezokuVikela kweLeningrad".

Umgwaqo emuva ekuphileni

Lake Ladoga - okuwukuphela kwendlela, okwakunginika okungenani abanye ithuba uhlale uthintana lizwe. Ehlobo kwaba uvele ubusika - imoto ihambe phezu eqhweni. Ngaphambi ebusika ngo-1941 kuya edolobheni uhambo tugs nge izikebhe, kodwa Front Military Council wayazi Ladoga nqabela bese yonke indlela uzovimbelwa. Waqala imfuno entsha kanye nokulungiselela ngcono nezinye izindlela zokuxhumana.

Ngakho indlela yalungiswa ukuze Ladoga ice, lapho ekugcineni kwaqalwa ngokuthi "The Road of Life." Emlandweni nokuvinjelwa Save the Usuku, lapho ihhashi ezinqoleni kuqala kwaholela le ndlela sawela ice, kwaba Novemba 21, 1941

Ngemva kokusho lokhu, izimoto 60 waya, yayiyini injongo okuyinto ukulethe ufulawa edolobheni. Omuzi aqala ukuthola isinkwa, intengo okwakukhona ukuphila komuntu, ngoba intuthuko kule endleleni kuye kwahlotshaniswa kubafake engozini enkulu. Machines awakwenzi ngaphansi ice zashona phansi, ukuthatha phansi abantu echibini kanye nemikhiqizo. Umsebenzi njengoba umshayeli wemoto enjalo ibilokhu ebulalayo. Kwezinye izindawo ice kwaba zintekenteke kangangokuba ngisho ambalwa izikhwama zithwesiwe okusanhlamvu noma umshini ufulawa lalingabulawa kalula ibe ngaphansi eqhweni. indiza ngayinye lidlule ngale ndlela kwaba nobuqhawe. AmaJalimane empeleni wayefuna ukuba ngikukhiphe, nokubhonywa Ladoga babe njalo, kodwa isibindi ubuqhawe we izakhamuzi zomuzi wakubo babengavunyelwe yenzeke kuyo.

"Umgwaqo wokuphila" ngempela wagcwalisa umsebenzi walo. ELeningrad, waqala ubuyise sokudla futhi imishini ezathathwa izingane futhi onina. Hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi ngale ndlela esasidiniwe. Ngemva kwempi, lapho behlola phansi amathoyizi Lake Ladoga Leningrad zezingane zitholakale ukuthi ugwilize ngesikhathi zokuthutha ezinjalo. Ngaphezu enobungozi incibilikiswa eqhweni komgwaqo, amaloli ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi zivame ngaphansi ayebulawe nezikhukhula.

Abantu abangaba ngu-20,000 kulo mgwaqo. Futhi kuphela sibonga isibindi sabo, amandla omoya kanye nesifiso ukusinda bomuzi bevuka lokho okudingekayo kunazo - ithuba lokusinda.

Ukuze sisinde edolobheni-iqhawe

Summer 1942 sasishubile kakhulu. AmaNazi bandisa ibambene ngezihluthu izimpi kweLeningrad. Okuphawulekayo anda sokuqhuma kwamabhomu nokungabi amabhomu komuzi.

Emhlabeni edolobheni kwakunababesanda wezikhali ibhethri. Izitha kuyizinto izifunda idolobha, futhi izingxenye ezibalulekile amabhomu nsuku zonke.

Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa nokuvinjelwa Leningrad. Abantu baphendukela umuzi wabo ibe inqaba. Ngakho, edolobheni ngezithukuthuku 110 amasayithi isivikelo esikhulu, imisele nemivimbo ezahlukene lalibukeka kungenzeka esikhoselweni regrouping lempi. Lezi zenzo babe yokuthi kakhulu kwanciphisa inani efile futhi elimele.

Januwari 12 Army of Leningrad futhi Volkhov izimpi lasungula okuhlaselayo. Emva kwezinsuku 2, ibanga phakathi kwamaqembu amabili kwaba ngaphansi kuka-2 amakhilomitha. AmaJalimane inkani ngenkani, kodwa ngo-January 18 amaviyo ka-Leningrad futhi Volkhov izimpi axhunyiwe.

Lolu suku kwaphawulwa esinye isenzakalo esibalulekile: ukuqedwa nokuvinjelwa kwakubangelwa ukukhululwa kwe Shlisselburg, kanye yokuhlanza ephelele isitha elisogwini oluseningizimu ye-Ladoga echibini.

Ngasogwini Ubuyisé ngapha nangapha-10 amakhilomitha, nguye abuyiselwe uxhumano izwe ezweni.

Lapho kwakukhona bephakamisa ukuvinjelwa, lomuzi lwalunezisekelo abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-800.

usuku Obalulekile Januwari 27, 1944 wehlela emlandweni njengoba usuku lapho nokuvinjelwa edolobheni isusiwe ngokuphelele.

Ngalolusuku lalibe nesiqalo esihle, eMoscow udliwe Leningrad ngakwesokudla ngemva bephakamisa iziqhumane ukuvinjelwa imikhiqizo ukugubha yokuthi edolobheni ngasinda. I-oda ibutho, ukuthi ubani owinile, usesayine hhayi Stalin, kodwa ukukhuluma. Inhlonipho enjalo i awuzange ukhishwa iyiphi umkhuzi inhloko yazo zonke izimpi ka ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe.

Nokuvinjelwa yayithatha izinsuku 900. Lona olunegazi kakhulu, ezinesihluku futhi akunabuntu ukuvinjelwa emlandweni wesintu. ukubaluleka kwalo ngokomlando nawo njengomnyango mkhulu kakhulu. Likhinyabeze ibutho elikhulu amabutho aseJalimane Phakathi naso sonke lesi sikhathi, izakhamuzi Leningrad enikeziwe usizo olungenakuqhathaniswa ukuqhuba imisebenzi yezempi kwezinye izingxenye phambi.

Angaphezu kuka-350 amabutho ayizinkulungwane-abahlanganyeli kweLeningrad Defense wathola izindondo zabo. abantu 226 baklonyeliswa isihloko Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa isihloko zokuhlonipha. 1.5 million abantu yaklonyeliswa ngendondo "Ukuze wezokuVikela kweLeningrad".

Umuzi ngokwawo ukuze ubuqhawe futhi siqine wathola isihloko zokuhlonipha ka Hero City.