Art okokuhloba. Master Jewelcrafting

Ubucwebe art - is akha imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene, ngokuvamile izinsimbi ayigugu usebenzisa amagugu. Ekuqaleni, izinto zase hhayi nje ngenxa yobuhle, kodwa futhi ukuze agcizelele isimo sezenhlalo okusezingeni eliphezulu lomnikazi noma umnikazi. Futhi imigexo ngokuvamile okuthiwa ashiwo umsebenzi imilingo. esetshenziswa Basuke, isibonelo, njengoba izintelezi zokuzivikela futhi nama mascots. Umlando ubucwebe kuhlehlela emuva ezikhathini zasendulo. Ekuqaleni, ukudalwa imigexo akusho yiluphi uhlobo processing kwaba. Ukusuka ekudaleni nakakhulu umhlobiso eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi eyinkimbinkimbi phakathi namakhulu eminyaka phelelisa ubuciko, izingcweti. Ake ukulandelela futhi bakubize ngokuthi amakhosi kakhulu umlando wokukhula imigexo izikebhe.

eGibhithe lasendulo

Okokuhloba art yasungulwa eGibhithe lasendulo kahle ngokumangalisayo. Imihlobiso wadala khona, namanje ngimangaliswe yobuhle balo nokuhlala eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngesimo ngokuvamile uthanda izithombe lonkulunkulu basendulo. AbaseGibhithe lasendulo babekholelwa ukuthi umhlobiso wenziwa imisebenzi imilingo: ukuvikela isifo kanye iziphonso okubi, isixhumanisi indoda emvelo.

Gqoka imigexo wancika ezingxenyeni ezithile zomzimba. Okokuqala, kwaba esifundeni inhliziyo (kubhekwa enkulu kakhulu). Ukuze avikeleke, esifubeni egqoke umkhiqizo ngendlela scarab. Beetle lifanekisela amandla, umsebenzi, uvuko. Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile kwaba maphakathi esiphongweni. amakhosi Lasendulo, enza imihlobiso for wakhe, usebenzisa izimpawu amandla nokuhlakanipha, efana nomfanekiso inyoka. Ukukhuluma mayelana nobuchwepheshe yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo, kungaba kuqashelwe ukuthi ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa nokufuna futhi oqoshiwe, futhi bethandwa izinto abaseGibithe kukhona igolide, isiliva, obsidian ne-amethiste.

eGrisi lasendulo

Finesse Mikhulu ubuhlakani ezahlukene ubucwebe lasendulo art eGreece. A inqubo ozithandayo eenkhulwini kwaba filigree - enze iphethini eyinkimbinkimbi mncane noma isiliva izintambo, soldered ukuba ingemuva metal. Ngokuvamile esetshenziswa kule design ezimibalabala: umbala isithombe, amahlamvu, umvini.

Kusukela izinto ngenhla zonke zegolide lwesayensi - kwensimbi AmaGreki asendulo kuchasiselwe izakhiwo imilingo. Ngokuvamile, imigexo kugcizelelwe isimo umnikazi, ngakho mancane futhi abe nzima kwaba yomsebenzi, ezibizayo kuwufanele. abesifazane ngesiGreki Rich egqoka ezihlukahlukene ubucwebe. Ngo nodumo kwakubaluleke imikhiqizo nenhle izinwele nentamo, kanye namasongo. Ukukhethwa mhlawumbe ukuthi Sparta - abesifazane bendawo imigexo aluhlaza futhi fancy, zikhetha metal imigexo elula.

Jewelcrafting Renaissance

Ubucwebe Renaissance ababetelekile ngo obugagu zabo, ubuhle nokuba yinkimbinkimbi. Masters wasebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise embossing, ukuzisika kanye koqweqwe lwawo. Basuke ithonywe Nokho, ngo-ngamasiko asendulo, kuye kwenziwa, futhi esivamile iminyaka lezo zimfanelo.

Ngakho, amagugu okuhloba alikho ngempela zibonisa isimo umnikazi, njengoba ugcizelela ukunambitheka elicwengekileyo umcabango. Ziyakwazi eliyingqayizivele futhi ehlukile. amatshe Semi-eziyigugu, amaparele nezingxenye esihle eyigugu ukuhlobisa hhayi kuphela ubucwebe, kodwa futhi izingubo izintokazi aluhlaza '. Kuyanda futhi omkhulu ukumiswa izindandatho.

EJalimane, i-amakhosi esetshenziswa ngendlela izinto engavamile kakhulu: kakhukhunathi amagobolondo, amaqanda nentshe Shell.

Jewellers sidilizwa Rus

Russian imigexo art inomlando omkhulu. Ubufakazi balokhu kuyizinto zesimanje abavubukuli: ikhwalithi ubuhlakani umsebenzi wezingcweti lasendulo hit manje. Ubucwebe ubuciko ERussia yasendulo wathonywa amasiko zaseScandinavia, abaseMpumalanga WaseByzantium, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo atehlukaniseki namasiko abantu kanye namasiko.

Ochwepheshe kusukela wonke amagumbi Kievan Rus 'babe amakhosi amasu eyinkimbinkimbi, kuhlanganise art Ukusakaza, filigree negolide umlilo. Novgorod wayedume ubucwebe kwaso kwenziwe of amatshe ayigugu. Kiev Jewellers nge ikhono okungavamile ukusingatha amagugu. Imihlobiso ezivamile okubizwa ngokuthi izindandatho ethempelini, okuyinto kuxhumene izinwele noma hung kusukela headgear. Abesifazane wayegqoka ezihlukahlukene namasongo imigexo kanye namacici.

ERussia XIV - eminyaka XVII

Njengoba sekunama-lwesiTatar-Mongol izindimbane imigexo ibhizinisi ke uvele bekhohlakele ecishe ibe ikhulu. amakhosi abaningi babulawa noma bayiswa umsebenzi ababusi zidlamlilo. Kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu XIV iqala ukubuya kancane kancane ubuciko lasendulo. Ubucwebe izikebhe isikhungo iba eMoscow, okuyinto inqubo ethandwa kakhulu ngesiliva filigree.

Ngo XVI - XVII eminyaka imigexo art ngenkuthalo lisebenzisa koqweqwe lwawo futhi amagugu. Jewellery le nkathi ukujula esingokwemvelo, brilliance umbala ukugcwaliswa. Amatshe nazo ukugqama ezahlukene - behlonipha ngamasafire, ngeyamarubi futhi emeralds. Manje ngokuthi sokuthuthwa kwempahla blackening imiklamo. Amadolobha amaningi ayizikhungo iSilversmithing.

Jewellery European kusukela ngekhulu XVIII

Ekhulwini XVIII babe izitayela evelele Baroque futhi Rococo. Lokhu kusebenza futhi ubucwebe. Iba quirkiness imfashini, ubukhazikhazi kanye nemibala egqamile. Kulokhu, ukuma phambili ubuciko lo othengisa French sika. Labe atholwe umhlobiso injalo yesimanje. Udumile ukuba kancane kancane zihlanganisa imigexo ensembles, lidumile abantu abacebile zisebenzisa ibhroshi ezinkulu. Amatshe ozithandayo kakhulu kukhona amadayimane anemibala aphuzi, Pinkish futhi bluish, futhi asetshenziswa abesilisa e imvunulo zabesifazane.

Russia ekhulwini XVIII

ERussia ku XVIII leminyaka imigexo art iqhakazile na. Lokhu kubangelwe izinguquko kaPetru I. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ibhizinisi imigexo kuyinto ngenkuthalo iboleka Amathrendi European, kuyilapho esaziwa bangobani. ERussia Sivamile ukwehlelwa amakhosi kwezilwandle. Phakathi kwabo - edumile Zheremi Umfanekiso owayesebenza kule nkantolo iminyaka engu amathathu idale yobuciko yobuciko lo othengisa beqiniso. Umsebenzi wakhe engcono ubhekwa Omkhulu-Imperial Crown, esenzelwe uCatherine II. Umkhiqizo eyingqayizivele has amadayimane cishe izinkulungwane eziyisihlanu. Manje lokhu esifuze ivikela ngokucophelela Museum unique ubucwebe - Diamond Isikhwama eMoscow.

Ngokuvamile, ukusetshenziswa namatshe ayigugu iyaduma ngalesi sikhathi. Elikhazimulayo, elikhanyayo, ezihlotshiswe kahle futhi lusetshenziswe, bona ngokuphelele umphelelisi nihlobise ubucwebecwebe izintokazi esihle noMbusi wababusi.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi igama elithi "abakhandi" ngokwayo nayo eziphendulwa umoya zaqala ukusetshenziswa ekhulwini XVIII. It bafaka igama kunalokho omude "igolide kanye wesiliva."

EYurophu ekhulwini XIX

Ngo phakathi imigexo ibhizinisi XIX leminyaka isiba zisabalele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo zaqala ukusetshenziswa amatshe kancane eziyigugu kanye izinto: aquamarine, idwala crystal, Malachite, amadayimane yokufakelwa. Ubuciko Jeweled amashifu futhi isitayela jikelele - kuziwa esikhundleni Rococo classicism, ngokulandelana, imihlobiso seziqine khulu futhi eziklanywe kahle. Imikhiqizo ngamatshe ayigugu kancane kancane ayeka ukuba lisetshenziswe amasudi zabesilisa, kodwa fashion kuhlanganisa namasumpa ngoba izinti ukuhamba futhi isinemfu ezibizayo.

Kusukela abaculi abaziwayo ungabahlukanisa enkantolo ngamagugu of Napoleon Mina Martina Giyoma Bienne. Ekhulwini XIX ziya abasafufusa zindlu adumile njengo Cartier futhi Tiffany.

Isimo eRussia ngekhulu XIX

Izinga eliphakeme ubucwebe art eRussia safinyelela ekhulwini XIX. Ngalesi sikhathi, kakhulu ekushintsheni isiqondiso umsebenzi, amakhosi ozama ungasuki amasiko European bese ubuyela wakudala isiRashiya, enika imikhiqizo flavour kazwelonke. Ikakhulukazi imfashini iba amapharele amanzi.

EMoscow Petersburg kukhona amabhizinisi enkulu isiliva negolide kuqhubeka icala. amafemu Ikakhulukazi eyaziwa Ovchinnikov, Postnikov, bazalwane Grachev futhi, yebo, noKarla Faberzhe. yekhono laKhe emangalisayo ukuyinqoba singagcini nje ngokwazi isiRashiya, kodwa futhi Ezigodlweni eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Nokho, imikhiqizo yabo umthengi iyatholakala futhi abavamile - sikhuluma kunjalo futhi silverware.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ekupheleni XIX - ekuqaleni XX leminyaka iyona yokuchuma Russian imigexo art.

IKHULU lamashumi amabili

Ekhulwini wokugcina ubucwebe akha inqwaba izindawo. Emashumini eminyaka lokuqala isitayela oqavile kuyinto yesimanje. Ubuciko ubucwebe ithonya lakhe lagcwaliseka esikhathini eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu womumo ehlotshiswe ngemihlobiso. Ngezenzo esetshenziswa platinum, palladium, aluminium anodized. Nalapha kuyanda amadayimane. Fashion ubucwebe bese uba, lapho ukusabalala kwaba nethonya abadumile Koko Shanel.

Phakathi nempi futhi ngemva kwempi kweminyaka, imikhiqizo babe ngaphezulu elula, igolide ngokuvamile indawo ngethusi. Engxenyeni ekhulwini bedle non-conformist imibono amakhosi wesibili uqale ukusebenzisa izinto engavamile, ngaphambili engacabangeki ibhizinisi imigexo: ipulangwe, ipulasitiki, insimbi kanye nabanye. With ukuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe eyinkimbinkimbi avele ubucwebe ngamatshe chameleon ongashintsha umbala kuncike okushisa noma isimo umnikazi. Uba ethandwa amapharele cultured anemibala ehlukene.

Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, izinkampani imigexo Russian ukukhiqiza kakhulu ekukhiqizweni. Kodwa ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule amakhosi yesimanje wakhulelwa ukuvuseleleka Guild of Jewellers Russia kubuyisela art ubucwebe enkazimulweni yakhe yangaphambili.

yobuciko wesimanje

Namuhla, imigexo izikebhe, mhlawumbe ngisho kunakuqala, iba kuyikhono. Imihlobiso kukhona ifomu eyodwa yokukhuluma zokudala. amabhizinisi Modern usebenzisa amathuluzi professional kanye izinto ezazikhona. Nokho, imikhiqizo eminingi kwenziwa zokwenziwa izinto. Futhi nakuba abakwazi beat ubuhle nekupheleliswa amatshe zemvelo, kodwa njengabakufanelekelayo ukuncintisana nabo.

Contemporary ubucwebe art ukuqhubeka uyakufanelekela emasikweni ezindala. Futhi ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha ikuvumela ukudala imihlobiso engavamile futhi ezithakazelisayo.