Ukuvuthwa - yimuphi uhlobo lwenqubo?

Iningi labantu abaningi emhlabeni jikelele amaphupho okuhamba, adventure, isipiliyoni sokuphila okucebile. Njengoba kungase kubonakale kunesibindi, kubalulekile ukuba "ukulungiswa" okuthile kwamaphupho kufezeke. Akukwanele ukuthi ube nepasipoti noma amathikithi ephaketheni lakho - kuneminye yemingcele okufanele ilandelwe. Omunye wabo angabizwa ngokuthi i-inculturation.

Iyini iphuzu?

Ngokwemigomo jikelele, ukuguquka komsebenzi kuyinkqubo yokufundisa umuntu othize emithethweni yokuziphatha nemibono yezwe elithile noma isizwe.

Eqinisweni, lokhu kungenye yezinto ezisemqoka ezidingekayo hhayi kuphela ukuhamba, kodwa futhi nentuthuko yomuntu siqu. Isibonelo, ezinye izenzo namazwi emiphakathini yezizwe ezahlukene zingahluka kakhulu kunencazelo. Ngaphandle kolwazi oludingekile, umuntu angamcasula i-interlocutor ngokungenhloso futhi alahlekelwe ithemba lakhe kuze kube phakade. Inqubo yokwenyuka kwezenzo kuleli cala yenza njengendlela yokufiphala ngokumelene nezimo ezinamahloni umuntu angabhekana kalula ngenkathi ehlala phesheya noma ngisho nasezweni lakubo.

Ukunciphisa inani

Esigabeni esandulele, inqubo ye-inculturation ichazwe kwifomu ejwayelekile kakhulu. Ukuze ujoyine lolu hlobo lokuqeqesha, umuntu akadingi ukuqoqa amaswidi futhi athenge amathikithi emazweni ase-Asia. Ukuvuthwa kunalokho, inqubo yokuqonda isiko lomuntu siqu. Kulolu cala, sisho ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu zokuziphatha kanye nokubuka umhlaba ezweni langakini. Lokhu kuyakheka komuntu ngaphakathi komphakathi othize, ngokucabangela isipiliyoni, amasiko kanye nokuthambekela kwamasiko azuzile.

Ubuhlobo benkampani yezihloko

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi inqubo ye-inculturation yindlela emibili. Ihlanganisa ama-vectors amaningi. Ubuntu njengommeleli womphakathi othize unomthelela othize kumasiko. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, esimweni sokukhula nokuba umuntu, ngumphakathi kanye nemikhuba yawo yamasiko enquma ukwakheka komuntu ngamunye.

Izingxenye zokuqeqesha

Ngokucacile, inqubo yokwenyuka komnotho ihlanganisa izinto eziningi ezidingekayo ukucacisa ubuntu njengommeleli womphakathi othize, ubuzwe obuthile. Okokuqala, lawa angabantu abanobonke, amakhono ayisisekelo, isici sabo bonke abaphethe isiko esithile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izici zokuziphatha, ukusabela emisebenzini ethize noma engekho amazwi, ukuqwashisa ngamanani athile, izindlela zokuziphatha ezimweni ezithile.

Ngokuyinhloko, umqondo wokukhukhumeza ngokuphathelene nokuqonda izici zokubuka umhlaba kwamanye amazwe kuhlanganisa nenani elifanayo lezinto, umahluko kuphela ukuthi inqubo eyenzeka ngokwemvelo ensimini yezwe lakithi.

Eqinisweni, umuntu ezweni lakubo akanezikhethelo endabeni yokwazisa isiko. Kusukela ebuntwaneni uhlangane naye, uyayithatha futhi ihlanganisa impilo yakhe yonke.

Ngokuqonda isiko kwamanye amazwe, izinto ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu: lokhu kudinga isikhathi esiningi, izindleko zomzimba, ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo, ngoba ukubuka kwethu umhlaba akugcini nje kuphela, kodwa futhi kuguqulwa ngokuphelele.

Okuqukethwe komqondo

Ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele okushiwo yileli gama, iziphetho ezincane kufanele zenziwe kulokhu okushiwo ngaphambili. Ukunciphisa ukutholakala kolwazi olubanzi, amakhono namakhono ahlobene nenqubo yokusekela impilo emasikweni athile. Kulesi simo, asisho imisebenzi kuphela yobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi nomsebenzi wasekhaya, irisidi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ezihlukahlukene kanye nezimpahla. Esinye sezikhathi ezibaluleke kakhulu enkambisweni yokuhlaziywa komuntu kungathiwa ukuthuthukiswa komuntu siqu : umbono wakhe wezwe, isimo sakhe sengqondo ngaye, ukwakheka kwemisebenzi yakhe eyintandokazi, izintandokazi ezenzweni zobuciko, izindlela zokuzilibazisa noma, isibonelo, ukubukwa kwenkolo.

Yiqiniso, ukuhlaziywa kwe-inculturation kuyinto yokuthola amakhono okuxhumana nomphakathi ozungezile, ukusebenzisana nayo. Kulokhu, sisho noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuxhumana phakathi komuntu ngamunye kanye nezwe elizungezile.

Okokugcina, ukwakheka kwesisekelo esiqondile solwazi kanye nemigomo mayelana nokuphathwa komzimba wakho, ukubukeka noma izingubo. Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga ngalezo zinsuku lapho kungokwesiko ukufaka khona izindandatho zamasongo abesifazane. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lomphakathi othize, lolu hlobo lwezenzo luzobhekwa njengento evamile, kuyilapho emhlabeni wonke lokhu kuzobhekwa njengesimo sobudlova futhi kuzobangela ukulahlwa.

I-Socialization kanye ne-Inculturation

Ekuboneni kokuqala, incazelo yale migomo emibili ingabonakala, uma ingafani, okungenani ifana kakhulu. Eqinisweni, ahluke kakhulu. I-socialization kanye ne-inculturation yizinhlobo zezinqubo ezihambisanayo, okuyisisekelo esiyinhloko, kodwa zihamba ngezimo ezihlukahlukene. Kukhona umehluko omkhulu emkhakheni walezi zindinganiso.

Lo mthelela ubonakala ngokukhethekile uma ukungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona kuyinkqubo yokutadisha isiko somuntu noma lomunye. I-socialization kuleli cala izokwenza njengemfundiso ebizwa ngezimiso zokuziphatha zezwe. Ukwakhiwa komnotho, ukukhukhumeza isingeniso samasiko, umbono womhlaba, okuyizinto eziphawulekayo zokucabanga kwabameleli bamasiko angaphandle, ukuqwashisa nokwamukela amanani abo.

Inqubo yokuxhumana nabantu ihamba njalo ngokushesha futhi impela ngokwemvelo. Akudingi umzamo owengeziwe futhi kungase kusekelwe ekuboneni okulula. Konke okudingekayo kumuntu yikhono lokubona izici ezithile zokuziphatha nokuziphinda ngokuzikhandla.

Ukwenyuka kwezifundo zamasiko kuhlinzekela izindleko ezinkulu kakhulu, futhi kuvame ukudinga imizamo eyengeziwe edingekayo ekutadisheni okuzimele kokukodwa komunye wemvelo.

Ukuzibandakanya komphakathi kanye nokungasebenzi komuntu, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, hamba ku-parallel, kodwa kuholela emiphumeleni ehlukene.

Izinyathelo eziyisisekelo zokwenyuka kwe-inculturation

Njengasendabeni yomphakathi, indlela eyinhloko yokwenza amasiko amasiko ukulingisa, ukuphinda ulandele abathwali bemasiko. Isibonelo esicacile sezenzo ezinjalo ukuziphatha kwabantu abangekho emithethweni yokuziphatha ngesikhathi sedili. Ukuze kungabonakali kungabonakali, bavele benze okufanayo nabanye, abanolwazi oluthe xaxa kule ndaba abantu.

Izindlela zokuzikhukhumeza, empeleni, zilula: ukubuka nokuphindaphinda. Futhi lokhu akusebenzi nje kuphela emibhalweni eyisisekelo njengemigomo yokuziphatha emphakathini, kodwa futhi nezinye izinto eziyisisekelo: ifa lezimasiko zemikhosi, ukukhumbula ngezimpawu ezamukelekayo noma ezivamile, nokudluliswa kwento yokwaziswa.

Isithiyo kuphela kumuntu endleleni eya ekukhulekeleni okugcwele kungaba ukugxila kwakhe nokwesaba ukwenza iphutha, futhi lokhu kuholela ekusongeni nasekungafuni ngisho nokuzama ukujoyina esinye isiko noma esinye isiko.

I-socialization kanye ne-inculturation zidinga ukusebenzisa enye indlela - inkhulumomphendvulwano eqondile nomuntu ophethe isiko. Kulokhu, sikhuluma ngokuthi umuntu onolwazi olwanele, uba umeluleki ofuna ukujoyina lokhu noma isiko. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lokhu akudingeki ukuba kube umuntu othize oyoletha ulwazi oludingekayo enhloko yomqeqeshi. Kulokhu, kuyinkqubo yenkhulumomphendvulwano, ukuchazwa kwemithetho ethile, okuyisisekelo. Lokhu kungenziwa ngamalungu omndeni, iziqondiso zokuvakasha noma abadluli abavamile.

Uma sikhuluma ngokungafani okuyisisekelo phakathi kokukhukhumeza nokuzibandakanya komphakathi, kufanele siqaphele umehluko emiphumeleni etholakalayo. I-socialization yinqubo yokuba nokuthuthukisa emphakathini, ngenxa yalokho umuntu eba ngumuntu. Ukwakhiwa kwe-inkulturation yinkqubo yokuhlanganiswa nomkhuba womphakathi, futhi ngenxa yalokho - ukwakheka komuntu ohlakaniphile.

Izinhlobo zokuhlaziya

Ngaphambi kokuba ukhulume ngezigaba ezithile zenqubo yokuhlaziywa kwempahla, kuzomele kwenziwe ezinye izichibiyelo: isiko singaqondwa. Kulokhu, lolu hlelo luzokhula ngokuvumelana nesimo esisodwa - masibize ngokuthi i-inculturation yangaphakathi. Inqubo efanayo kodwa engavumelani - ukuqonda kwamasiko amasiko kwamanye amazwe - yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukungcoliswa kwangaphandle.

Izici zenqubo

I-inculturation yangaphakathi ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: okuyisisekelo nesekondari. Le nqubo iqala cishe kusukela ekuzalweni kwengane. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, abazali, amalungu omndeni, othisha, othisha bafundisa izingane izindlela ezithile zokuziphatha, ukuqaphela izimo, isimo sengqondo ekuphileni nokunye. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ebuntwaneni kakhulu umuntu uba ngendlela yokuqonda isiko labantu.

Isigaba sesibili ukuqwashisa kwabantu abadala. Kudinga ukusetshenziselwa imizamo ethile - umuntu engasenayo njengeponji yolwazi nokuzwa, yena ngokwakhe uza kubo, uzitholele yena. Kungathiwa, lokhu kuyindlela yokuthuthukisa, ukwandiswa kohlaka. Ngakho-ke, kungashiwo ukuthi umqondo wokukhukhumeza uhlanganisa izikhathi ezimbili ezifanayo kodwa ezingafani.

Ukunemba okukhulu

Ukuqokomisa ngokugcwele lokho okushiwo umqondo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo ezifundweni zamasiko kuyindlela yokuqonda isiko labantu bakhona. Ukuvumelanisa kwamanye amasiko wesayensi kubizwa ngokuthi i-acculturation. Noma kunjalo, abacwaningi abaningi abenzi ukuhlukana okunjalo futhi basebenzise igama elilodwa, belinganisa incazelo yalo.

Imiphumela ye-inculturation

Ngokuvamile, ukuqonda okuqhubekayo kwemigomo ethile yomuntu kuholela eminye imiphumela. Okokuqala, kungokwesiko oluthile olwenza ngokuyinhloko ubuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo ayinaso isiqalo noma isiphetho, ngakho-ke inqubo yokwenyuka kwabazali ihlinzekela inqubo efanayo yabantwana, eyenza ukudluliselwa kwememori yomlando, imigomo yamasiko kanye nezici zokwakhiwa kobuzwe obuthile. Lena inqubo engapheli yokugcina nokuthuthukisa isiko lezwe kanye nabantu.

Yinkqubo ye-inculturation evumela umuntu ukuba athole okuthile okuzomhlukanisa nakho konke okusemhlabeni, kumenze abe okhethekile. Yingakho isiko lamaShayina lihluke kakhulu kuMelika, yingakho izinsuku zokugubha uKhisimusi zihluka phakathi kwamaKatolika nama-Orthodox, namaSulumane akakho nhlobo.

Ukuvuthwa ukuqoqwa okungapheli kokuhlangenwe nakho kwesizwe sonke ngokusebenzisa i-prism yomuntu oyedwa, okwamukela izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, eziyisisekelo kunazo zonke zesiko lomuntu siqu. Ukuqoqwa njalo, ukudluliselwa kanye nokwengezwa kwesisekelo solwazi kanye nemibono mayelana nokuphila, umhlaba, uNkulunkulu, umphakathi omakhelwane, umlando, izincwadi kanye nezinye izinto zangempela.

Kungatjho ukuthi ukukhutjhulwa kwaba yinkqubo yokuba umuntu kumuntfu, okhethwe njengengxenye yabantu.