Izimpawu isithuthwane ezinganeni. Izimbangela, uphethwe, ukuphathwa

Igama elithi "isithuthwane" ochwepheshe shayela isifo ubuchopho libhekene Ukuvutha disordered womsebenzi amaseli ayo. Ezinganeni, kwenzeka kaningi kakhulu isifo kunabantu abadala. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuthi kuziveza ngesimo nokuquleka.

izimbangela

Akukhona njalo kungenzeka yokuthola ngokuthé ngqo ukuthi kungani ingane unesifo sokuwa. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi izingane akukho mqondo ukuze ayihlole. Kuye ngalokho izimbangela isithuthwane ezinganeni, futhi ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo zesifo.

Kuvuse eziningi ucingo ukuhlukumezeka, izilonda zaso. Futhi bathi kuba isifo sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba. Le nguqulo kuqinisekiswa yokuthi egazini kweziguli autoantibodies neyroantigenam itholiwe.

Izingane avuse ukuqala isifo kungenzeka ngezizathu ezilandelayo.

1. Ufuzo. Kodwa ososayensi bathi akulungile bagomela ngokuthi isithuthwane idluliselwa. nezici ezithile Ukubambezeleka ingatholakala kuphela ukubukeka kwayo. Umuntu ngamunye izinga elithile umsebenzi kokuquleka, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isithuthwane ozokhula, kuncike eziningi ezinye izizathu.

2. Brain Disorders. Amaphutha isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko zenzeka ngenxa umphumela embungwini izinto eziyingozi isifo komama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Futhi, bona zibangelwa izifo ezibangelwa ufuzo.

3. izilonda ezithathelwanayo. Lesi sifo, zingaba khona ngemva ukuhlupheka meningitis noma encephalitis. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ingane osemusha, ayanda amathuba wokuthuthukisa nokuquleka esikhathini esizayo, kwakuya kuba nzima kuyoba. Nokho, uma ingane okusezingeni eliphezulu ezingeni esingokwemvelo womsebenzi kokuquleka, lesi sifo avuse uma unesifo.

4. Ukulimala. Noma yimuphi uthuthumele kungacupha ukuqala isithuthwane. Kodwa ubuhlobo akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukusungula, ngoba isifo kungaqali ngokushesha.

Ukwazi yiziphi izimbangela isithuthwane ezinganeni, kungaba azimisele ne amacebo ka ukusihlola kanye nokwelashwa.

Ukwahlukaniswa izifo

Ochwepheshe ukukhomba subtypes eziningana lesi sifo, kuye ngokuthi yayiyini imbangela nokuquleka.

Uma inkinga eyaba khona ngenxa yokulimala ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo zobuchopho, khona-ke kungaba isithuthwane lingaze. Kungenzeka ngenxa ukwakheka izinhlumba, izimila nokopha emzimbeni. Mayelana isithuthwane idiopathic kuba lokhu ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho kungekho ushintsho kubonakala kobuchopho, kodwa ingane yofuzo ukuthuthukisa isifo.

Kodwa kukhona izimo lapho izimpawu of isithuthwane e ingane liphinyiselwe futhi imbangela yalesi isimo akukwazi ukusungulwa. Lolu hlobo sifo kuthiwa cryptogenic.

Futhi, ochwepheshe ukuhlukanisa ifomu ehunyushelwe futhi generalized lesi sifo. Esimweni sokuqala, izikhungo womsebenzi ebuchosheni ayokhawula kanzima. Basuke kwakhiwa njalo ezindaweni ezifanayo ijwabu ingqondo. Futhi uhlobo generalized enqubeni sokugembula abathintekayo bacishe bayifunda yonke cortex.

Eceleni walulama okufana okuxubile. Ekuqaleni, ukuquleka uqale njengoba ehunyushelwe, kodwa yilokho esigxila kukho lapho excitation is lubhebhethekise sonke cortex.

I izinsimbi lokuqala

Zonke abazali basuke bedinga ukwazi ukuthi izimpawu isithuthwane ezinganeni. Phela, inkinga ezitholakele 3% izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-9 iminyaka. Ngo izinsana kungaba kudidaniswe umsebenzi evamile ngokomzimba. Ingane uphendulela ikhanda lakhe, ngenkuthalo ihamba ezingalweni kanye nasemilenzeni. izingxenye Convulsive awayona ekhona.

Ukuhlaselwa zingaphinde zivele noma ubudala. Kodwa ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho ubuchopho futhi isimiso sezinzwa akuyona wavuthwa ngokugcwele. Ukugxila zokucabanga okubangelwa isifo excitation ezimweni ezinjalo avele kulula.

Ezinye ukuhlaselwa zingase zingabonakali kwabanye. Abakwazi banake nasezinganeni abazali. Zivela "hang-up" uthi, okuyinto kuhlale imizuzwana embalwa nje. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lesi sifo izingane iyona isithuthwane ukungabi (piknolepsiya). Ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa ingane ngaquleka retropulsivnye ukunyakaza lubonakale ikhanda, amehlo angaya ngaphansi phezulu. Ekupheleni kuhlasela ngokuvamile kubonakala ngokuzenzakalela pharyngo-temlomo ezinyakazayo. Lokhu kungase ikhotha izindebe, smacking, abancela. ukuhlaselwa okunjalo ivame hhayi ningi than amasekhondi angu-30. Kodwa kungaba liphindwe izikhathi eziningi, ngisho usuku olulodwa.

Abazali kufanele uqaphele ukuthi lokhu izimpawu of isithuthwane ezinganeni. Kwangathi avuse ekuhlaseleni unenkinga, kwehle noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umsebenzi kakhulu asebenzayo zobuchopho, ukukhuthazwa photic.

izinhlobo isifo

Ochwepheshe bona hhayi kuphela zendawo amafomu generalized of isithuthwane. Kuye ezicini avuse kuqala lesi sifo, amafomu engayodwa:

- Primary: kwenzeka ngokumelene isizinda anda kokuquleka umsebenzi ebuchosheni;

- yesibili kwenzeka ngenxa ukutheleleka noma ukulimala kuhlasimulise;

- reflex: kuphakama ngenxa yokuphatheka ukuze umfutho, kungaba some noise, Ukubhanyaza, nephunga.

Kuye yobudala lapho izimpawu zokuqala zesifo nezibonakaliso emitholampilo ejwayelekile ukuhlukanisa lezi zinhlobo nokuquleka:

- ngamandla ezincane, zingabantu nobuntu usewusana;

- myoclonic - ifomu ezisanda kubelethwa;

- ngokuphamazela, kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuthomba;

- lengqondo - zingase ephelezelwa Ukudlikizela noma iya ngaphandle kwabo, kungase kube sezinzwa, sokuzwa, adversivnye ukuhlaselwa, isifuthefuthe uhleko.

Kuye nobuningi isigqi ukuhlaselwa, ukwaba zalezi zinhlobo isithuthwane:

- ngokimbalwa (ngaphansi kuka-1 ngenyanga), njalo (izikhathi eziningana ngesonto) ukuhlaselwa;

- ne bokungafani kanye nokuquleka okwandisa.

Ngesikhathi ukubukeka ukuhlukanisa lezi zinhlobo isithuthwane:

- ebusuku;

- Awakening;

- generalized (ukuhlaselwa kwenzeka nganoma isiphi isikhathi).

Isibhadalala excitation ube occipital, cortical, yesikhashana, diencephalic nezinye kwezingxenye zobuchopho.

Izimpawu main

Kuye ingxenye lesion main kuzohluka izimpawu of isithuthwane ezinganeni. Phela, isifo ngaso sonke isikhathi wabonakaliswa Ukudlikizela. Ababongela abadlali kufanele kube ukulahlekelwa okwesikhashana ukwazi, ukunyakaza neziyaluyalu, disorientation, ukuphazamiseka okuqonda (ukunambitheka, umsindo noma ezibukwayo), ulaka, ukushintshashintsha kwemizwelo. Futhi, izingane ezindala zingalandisa ndikindiki izitho ezithile emzimbeni.

Lezi izimpawu of isithuthwane e ingane akuyona into ebonakalayo kwesinye, ngakho abazali musa njalo unake kubo. Ezinganeni ezindala, bangakwazi siwathathe isiphazamiso ejwayelekile. Kodwa zikhona izimpawu ezithatha abantu. Lokhu ukumisa ukuphefumula, imisipha ukungezwani komzimba, okuyinto kuhambisana yokuthi ingane ukugoba futhi unbend nasemilenzeni, waphawula ukusikwa convulsive, sokuzikhulula okungalindelekile, ukuchama. Isiguli kungase uthule bakhe, abanye ukumemeza ngesikhathi nokuquleka.

Kwesinye isikhathi abantu ngesikhathi nokuquleka kungabonakala nasemkhakheni kuphela shake ngekhulu, wamshaya ikhanda emuva, sibheke iphuzu elilodwa. Abezweli ezintweni ezenzeka ngaphandle. Kodwa abaningi abakwazi ukubona izinhlobo zesifo sokuwa, uma kungukuthi ephelezelwa Ukudlikizela kanye jika phansi.

Sidinga ukwazi ukuthi nokuthi amasosha omzimba nabanesithuthwane ibuthakathaka. Bavame uhlushwa ezihlukahlukene iziyaluyalu psycho-ngokomzwelo. Futhi kungase kube ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka uqalile. Basuke izimpawu imvelo encane ngomqondo futhi bahilizisane, ngokuvamile izikhathi kokuziphatha ngobudlova. Abantu abanesifo sokuwa libhekene ngokweqile ukhetho, yokuziphindiselela, rancor. Ochwepheshe bakubiza ngokuthi uhlamvu sokuwa.

sitholakele isifo

Lapho iqaphela nezikhathi yomntwana wokudamba noma nomqwayiba ukunyakaza, kumelwe ngokushesha ukuya kudokotela. Kuphela ukuhlolisisa okugcwele Ukukhethwa impatho efanele ungabuyela ukuphila kwabantu okuvamile.

Udinga laboratory akhethekile Luhlolo wezinsimbi, ukuze nge 100% iqiniso ukuxilongwa "isithuthwane". iqembu ukukhubazeka Kumiswa kanye phambi yobudala. Ngemva ukuqala nesishiyagalombili kuyodingeka ukuba kudlule perekomissiyu.

Eyodwa yezindlela esemqoka ye inhlolovo kuyinto electroencephalography. Nokho, cishe isigamu iziguli esikhathini phakathi nokuhlaselwa ayikwazi ukuba noma yiziphi izinguquko. Lapho efeza ukuhlolwa obusebenzayo (hyperventilation, ukungalali ngokwanele, ukukhuthazwa photic) e-90% eziguli zikhona izimpawu nobuntu isithuthwane.

Ngaphezu Bheka, LESIKHOMBISA futhi wasebenzisa. Lokhu ukuhlola okuthile kwembula ukulimala kobuchopho, uphethwe, onalesi sifo futhi ukunquma okwengeziwe isu ukwelashwa. Lezi zindlela zibandakanya computer futhi magnetic resonance tomography. Futhi, iziguli ukuthatha ukuhlaziya umchamo futhi igazi. Kutholakale izinga immunoglobulin, ayisiza, ama-enzyme, albumin, i eletrolitov, i-calcium, phosphatase ane-alikhali, magnesium, i-glucose, insimbi, prolactin, ama-hormone egilo nezinye.

ucwaningo engeziwe uyalandisa ECG zokuqapha, Doppler brachiocephalic imithambo yegazi, i-cerebrospinal ukuhlaziywa uketshezi.

Inqubo ukwelashwa

Kujwayeleke isimo somntwana kanye nokunciphisa ukuvama ukuhlaselwa, uma kungekhona uziqede kungenzeka yokwelapha akhethwe kahle. Nokho, alindele ukuqeda izinkinga ngenyanga yokuqala akusilo zinkulu. Ngezinye izikhathi kufanele uthathe amaphilisi kuphele iminyaka zingathengwa izinto isithuthwane engqondo esebohlile, kanye nokuhlasela saphela ngokuphelele.

Ukwelashwa kufanele kube olunzulu. Ngaphezu ephoqelelwe ukuba imithi, kwezinye izimo kubalulekile ukwelashwa neurosurgical. Kunzima ukukwenza ngaphandle ukwesekwa psychotherapeutic. Nge efanele ingafinyelela ukuthethelelwa esitebeleni 75% seziguli ezisencane.

Ngaphezu imithi, odokotela belulekwa ukuba ukusungula imodi ocacile kosuku ingane awubeka uhlobo olukhethekile lokudla. Le ndlela yokuphila kufanele kube umkhuba. Ngemva imodi kwehlisa ematfuba excitation foci ebuchosheni. Odokotela ngikuveze yokuthi imiphumela emihle etholakala ngokuzikhandla Ukudla ketogenic. essence yayo itholakala iqiniso ukuthi udinga udle ukudla nge lokucuketfwe fat okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kubalulekile inciphise carbohydrate.

Ikakhulukazi yokwelapha izidakamizwa

Nquma indlela yokuphatha isithuthwane esimweni ngasinye, udokotela kufanele kuphela nesipiliyoni. Phela, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhetha imithi bekhulisa benzuzo ngemiphumela sakugcina ezingezinhle. Ukwelashwa isiqalisile kuphela ngemva uphethwe Kumiswa. Ukwabela umuthi othize, udokotela kufanele anqume uhlobo sokuwa ukuba uhlole izici zalesi sifo. Nendima eyadlalwa yobudala olwaqala kokuhlasela, imvamisa yabo, ubuhlakani lesiguli, khona izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa. Futhi acabangele ubuthi kwemithi kanye amathuba okuba nemiphumela engemihle. izidakamizwa Ukukhetha (engabelwe isithuthwane ikakhulu anticonvulsants), udokotela kufanele ngonanzelelo ubunjalo sokuwa uhlobo lesi sifo uma asibalulekile kangako.

Ngenhloso zokwelapha ngokuvamile iziguli kuyabekwa umthamo ubudala. Nokho, udokotela kufanele zithole upende isikimu. Phela, ukuqala ukuphuza imithi antiepileptic umthamo ephansi. Uma umphumela reception yabo aliveli, noma kuzoba kancane obonakalayo, kubalulekile ukuba kancane kancane ukwandisa umthamo. Isici ekwelapheni lesi sifo nje iqiniso lokuthi izidakamizwa ukushintsha kuyinto engathandeki. Uma umzimba akasabeli, wena nje ukwandisa isibalo izimali-isikhathi esisodwa wathola. Nakuba cishe 1-3% eziguli ukuthethelelwa ingafinyelelwa ukusetshenziswa Isikali oseqinile encishisiwe.

Ukukhetha izidakamizwa

Kukhona amacala lapho ukuqokwa izidakamizwa akusizi. Kuleli ubufakazi ukuntuleka ngcono phakathi nenyanga, inqobo nje uma leminyaka eliphezulu umthamo abayifunayo. Esimweni esinjalo kubalulekile ukushintsha imithi. Kodwa lokhu kunjalo elula cha. Kukhona wesifunda ethile, ukwelapha isithuthwane usebenzisa imithi ehlukahlukene.

Okukushoyo esikhundleni ekwakhiweni yesibili esiqokiwe iqondiswa kancane kancane, kanyekanye ukukhansela sangaphambilini. Kodwa lokhu kwenziwa kahle. Ngezinye izikhathi ushintsho zomuthi imisiwe amasonto ambalwa. Uma isiguli sine-ukuhoxiswa evelele, kuyinto efiselekayo ukunikeza ihlanganiswe yokwelapha benzodiazepines futhi barbiturates.

Ezimweni eziningi, ungakwazi ukwelapha isithuthwane. Doctor ngamunye ukhetha anticonvulsant futhi izidakamizwa antiepileptic. Ngokuvamile okunqunyiwe "Diazepam", "Phenobarbital", "carbamazepine". Oluthandwayo kuyinto efiselekayo ukunikeza izindlela lapho izidakamizwa esebenzayo ikhishwe kancane. Phela, ukusetshenziswa kwabo kunciphisa ingozi nemiphumela engathandeki yalawo maphilisi. izidakamizwa ezinjalo zihlanganisa amagama ahlobene of valproic acid kanye carbamazepine. Lezi zihlanganisa amaphilisi "valparin XP", "Konvulsofin", "Enkorat", "Konvuleks" "Depakine Enterik 300", "Finlepsin", "Apo-Carbamazepine."

yezinkinga kungenzeka

Kahle ukwelashwa akhethwe izimpawu of isithuthwane e ingane isuswe eminyakeni embalwa ngokuphelele. Kwezinye izimo, monotherapy ezilandelanayo akuyona wayeka ukuhlaselwa. Lokhu kungenzeka nge yokumelana nomuthi. It is kakhulu ngokuvamile kubonakala kulezo ziguli owaqala ukuhlaselwa ekuqaleni ngenyanga ingaphezu 4 ukuhlaselwa, kube khona ukwehla intelligence futhi dysgenesis palsy. Ezimweni ezinjalo, isikimu kancane ezahlukene kufanele aphathwe ubuchopho isithuthwane. Udokotela angase akunikeze imithi reception ngesikhathi esisodwa izidakamizwa ezimbili.

circuit ezifanayo kufanele kuthathwe iminyaka eminingana, futhi ngisho nangemva ukumisa okuphelele nokuquleka. Kuye izinhlobo yisithuthwane ngokulandelana kwawo, le nkathi kungaba kusukela eminyakeni emi-2 kuya ku-4. Kodwa ukuhoxiswa nisebancane zomuthi kungabangela ukuwohloka. Ukuquleka kungaba waphinda uqhubeke. Ngisho nangemva kokuphela kwalesi sikhathi, ukwesulwa kwesikweletu izimali okufanele kwenziwe kancane kancane phezu izinyanga 3-6. Kubalulekile ukuqapha njalo isimo usebenzisa Bheka. Kwezinye izimo, ayikho indlela yokuyelapha impilo yonke.

Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ngaphambili lesi sifo uqala, lubucayi kakhudlwana imiphumela isithuthwane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi esemncane, ubuchopho bomuntu namanje beya futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ibe sengozini. Abazali kudingeka sisithathe ngokungathi sína ukuphathwa enqunyiwe, ngoba uma ungenawo ukunamathela eziyalezweni ukwelashwa akhethiwe, weqa amaphilisi noma ukhansele bebodwa, ingane ingase uqhube ukuhlaselwa kwaze kwaba yilapho kufika isimo epilepticus. Lesi simo libhekene yokuthi nokuquleka kwengane enye ngemva kwenye ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, ingqondo akwenziwa ocacile phakathi kwabo.