Zmiivska ugongolo Rostov-on-Don (isithombe)

On endaweni Russian Federation zikhona eziningi izindawo, ukukhumbuze yamakhasi ebuhlungu ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Omunye wabo Zmiivska ugongolo Rostov-on-Don. Lapha ngehlobo lika-1942, amaNazi wabhubhisa abazihlelele angaba yizinkulungwane 27, ngaphezu kwesigamu owawungumnyaka bonke abantu abangamaJuda balowo muzi. Beam saba yindawo elikhulu nokuqothulwa kwabantu abantu ukuthi ubuzwe emhlabathini Russian lonke nesikhathi sempi. Ngo-1975, endaweni yayo, savula yesikhumbuzo ikhumbuza esintwini yezinto ezinyantisayo we abahlali lamaNazi ezifundeni ezinabantu.

Izenzakalo ezandulela nhlekelele

Ngemva kuhlaselwa eSoviet Union abahlaseli German esikhathini esifushane yesikhathi wakwazi ukuthutha zingena ngokukhululekile kuleli zwe. Okokuqala bafika Rostov-on-Don ngo-November 1941, kodwa emva kwezinsuku 11 ngaphansi ukuhlaselwa we iRed Army, kwakudingeka nginikeze izikhundla zabo. Re amaJalimane lasungula okuhlaselayo ngokumelene nomuzi ehlobo lika-1942, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi ngo-July 24, bakwazi walithumba. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, amaNazi ngaphambilini nokubhaliswa wonke amaJuda wendawo, owaphenduka engu-14 ubudala. Ukuze ukuqashelwa baphoqeleka ukuba agqoke timphawu of the hexagram (eziyisithupha-wakhomba Star of David).

Ukulungiselela ukuba kuqothulwe abantu bamaJuda e Rostov-on-Don eyingoduso ayzanttsgruppa (ukufa squad) «D» eliholwa Commander W. Walther Bierkamp. ekubulaweni kwenqwaba yabantu kwaholela Obersturmbannführer K. Christman. Beka ukubhujiswa kwamaJuda Zmiivska ugongolo sikhethwe. Ukumba ngaseziseleni ezijulile Kwakungijabulisa ethunjwa amaNazi ebuthweni lempi laseSoviet. Ngemva komsebenzi badutshulwe futhi aphonswe emgodini owawugujwe kubo.

Ukubhujiswa umphakathi wamaJuda

Agasti 8, amaNazi kwanda edolobheni oda, owawuthi amaJuda abesilisa nabesifazane futhi bonke ubudala ayalwa ukuba beze ekuseni 11 amaphuzu emhlanganweni, lapho kuyomelwe uthuthele endaweni ehlukile ngaphandle komuzi. Futhi lapho uya khona kumele lifike kumalungu imikhaya yamaJuda, ngisho noma babengabameleli bezinye izizwe. Labo bangalokothi beze, wasabisa. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange 6 iqoqo amaphuzu, umuntu eyinhloko itholakala ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo Bolshaya Sadovaya emgwaqeni Budonovskim lemininingwane. Manje kukhona somculo edolobheni.

Ngosuku lwalo mhlangano emigwaqweni Rostov labetibambile ezinkulungwane zamaJuda asebekhulile, abesifazane nezingane. Ngesikhathi lapho kuqoqwa senziwe uhlu isheke weza, bese abantu baqala siyixazulule. Labo wayengasakwazi ukunyakazisa ngokuzimela, ayifake amaloli, abanye ezakhiwa kukholomu abangamakhulu amaningana abantu. Izixuku lamaJuda sizungezwe Gunners submachine nezinja kwaholela Zmievskoy udonga, lapho bebehlala khona elinde umgodi asanda kumbiwa. Abantu abakhubazekile, olimele futhi ubudala bathathwa bayiswa esikhungweni esinobuthi, nempahla izinqola kwemfucumfucu enobuthi ngaphakathi-carbon dioxide.

Abantu bazi kahle ukuthi bazofa, kodwa ukubaleka amaNazi abulala babengenamduduzi ithuba. On-site amaJuda omdala zazifakwa ukubulawa bemba ngaseziseleni ivulela ngenhlamvu. Izidumbu aphonswa emgodini. Izingane zabulawa ngenye indlela: bona ezigcotshwe izindebe okusheshayo-esebenza ushevu. Izakhamuzi imizana eseduze wezwa izibhamu umlilo kusukela ohlangothini ugongolo ubusuku futhi ngosuku olulandelayo. Ngokusho umlando, lapho kwabulawa 13,6-15 ezinkulungwane zamaJuda nemindeni yabo. Kamuva, amaJalimane aqala ukudubula okwamanje iziboshwa yaseSoviet yokuthuthela impi, komhlaba, i-Komsomol, abantu abagula ngokomqondo, iziboshwa, abantu abawuhlupho. Lokhu umzimba ofanayo elahliwe wabulala amaGypsy, Kurds, abase-Asiriya, Armenia. Ubude Zmiivska ugongolo Rostov-on-Don uye lwaba ithuna abantu ayizinkulungwane 27.

Kuvulwa eziyinkimbinkimbi yesikhumbuzo

Izakhamuzi zedolobha ngasilibala angabhekani nosizi lokukhulelwa 1942 sihlonipha inkumbulo yabantu abafileyo ababekulo. Kanye emva kweminyaka engu-30 ngemva kokunqotshwa eJalimane lobuNazi, Meyi 9, 1975, esizeni ekubulaweni kwenqwaba yabantu we zamaJuda sivulwe eyinkimbinkimbi ayisikhumbuzo "Zmiivska uvumelanise" izithombe ongawabona ngazo kulesi sihloko. It sidalwe abaklami N. Nersesyantsem futhi R. Muradyan, Okugweda noB E. Lopke Lopke, N. Avedikovym. Memorial kwakuba ebaziwe, amahholo umngcwabo, ezitolo ezinkulu usizi, sibhekile, emlilweni ophakade, pylons futhi ingena sibalelwa zasemazweni landscape.

incazelo ebaziwe

Isikhumbuzo "Zmiivska uvumelanise" wenziwe grey ukhonkolo. Kuyinto Ukwakheka omkhulukazi sculptural, ibekwe emhlabathini ingenasisekelo esisekelweni. Ngo isikhungo salo lalowo wesifazane-unina, yithemba vskinuvshaya izandla phezulu. Kolunye uhlangothi ke kukhona ingane ethukile, futhi ngakolunye - ngamadolo akhe ixhegu ngezandla eyeluliweyo nakanjani phambi kwakhe. Eduze ixhegu ikhombisa sibalo sabantu ababili, omunye okuyinto umzamo wokugcina uzama uvuke ezandleni zakhe kanye nezinye okukhulu wamboza ubuso bakhe.

I okunye isiphetho eziyinkimbinkimbi

Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union Memorial "Zmiivska uvumelanise" kancane kancane saqala ukwehla. nomsebenzi wokuvuselela umhlaba ngemva wenziwa kuphela ngo-2009. Ukuthi namuhla indawo elalakhiwe yesikhumbuzo wayengomunye walaba main ezikhangayo Rostov-on-Don. Abantu beze lapha ukuhlonipha inkumbulo izisulu lwamaNazi njengoba abantu bendawo kanye izivakashi ezivela kwamanye amadolobha kanye namazwe.

Umbhalo Kulolu qwembe lwesikhumbuzo

Ngo-2004 Zmievskoy ugongolo efakwe uqwembe ofundeka kanje oba esizeni yisikhumbuzo angaphezu kuka-27 eziyinkulungwane abameleli ubuzwe wamaJuda, futhi iyindawo enkulu Kwesizwe kuleli zwe. iminyaka 5 kamuva umbhalo oqoshiwe okushintshiwe ngokususa kuwo ekhuluma ngamaJuda. Lokhu wayeshukunyiswa yokuthi e ethuneni elilodwa elikhulu labantu bezizwe ezihlukahlukene bangcwatshwa. On the ilebula olusha equkethe ulwazi mayelana yokungcwatshwa kwa ugongolo ayizinkulungwane 27 izakhamizi elinokuthula nelilondekile iRed Army iziboshwa zempi.

Ngo 2013, ingcindezi evela izinhlangano zomphakathi ukuthi ukuvikela amalungelo amaJuda, kwanqunywa ukuba ushintshe umbhalo futhi. Namuhla, amazwi aqoshwe Kulolu qwembe lwesikhumbuzo ubukeka ebucayini ngaphezulu. essence yayo yangempela yokuthi endaweni yesikhumbuzo ngo-1942 amaNazi abulala khona abangaphezu kuka-27 eziyinkulungwane ezisetshenziswa umphakathi labantu Rostov kanye iRed Army. Phakathi kwabo kwakuno-abameleli bezizwe ezihlukahlukene. Isikhumbuzo iyindawo ye eziningi kakhulu kuqothulwe Russian yamaJuda phakathi nayo yonke inkathi yempi.