Inhloko-dolobha yokuqala Japan. Umlando Omkhulu Empire Japanese

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi yesimanje inhloko-dolobha yaseJapane - Tokyo. Nokho, akubona bonke uyazi kwathiwa kanjani ngokuthi inhloko-dolobha yokuqala. Siphakamisa ukuba enze uhambo oluncane ku umlando futhi uthole ukuthi yini kwaba ezweni ilanga liphuma ngoba emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule.

Nara (Japan) kumephu jikelele - nje iphuzu elincane. Nokho, ukubaluleka kanye waba mkhulu. Namuhla-ke encane edolobheni Japanese ise Kansai esifundeni. labantu bayo ayizinkulungwane 365. Man. Nokho, lokhu akukhona nje edolobheni. Nara - inhloko-dolobha yokuqala Japan. Igama layo ngaphambili Heydzo-kou. Inhloko-dolobha yokuqala Japan Yakhiwa, efana kangaka kuleli zwe kusaqalwa yentuthuko isimo, in the ngomfanekiso Chang'an, inhloko-dolobha yaseChina ngaleso sikhathi. Impucuko of China lasendulo babeba nethonya elikhulu kubantu kumiswa inkolo, izincwadi kanye isimo lapho ilanga liphuma. Okuningi usefunde Japan wakhe. Kumephu jikelele, lezi uthi endaweni yakini, ngakho ungamangali.

Buddha Golden iwuphawu Nara. Inhloko-dolobha yokuqala Japan yasungulwa ngo 710. Nokho, ukuba khona e Nara inqwaba amathempeli Buddhist, kanye umthelela omkhulu empilweni emzini izindela ezingamaBuddha zenza kwaba usongo kuhulumeni. Ngakho-ke, uye wanquma ukuthola inhloko-dolobha entsha. Ngo 784, wayiswa esikhathini esithile Nagaoka, bese Kyoto.

Indaba le dolobha Japanese

Indaba into inhlokodolobha Japanese kubenzima futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi. imithombo Esemthethweni ecacisiwe kwesikhathi esithile noma ukuthi muzi wawuyinhloko-dolobha. Nokho, naphezu kwalokhu Eqinisweni, kwathiwa ngokuphindaphindiwe adlulisiwe. Ngisho e Nara inkathi, washukumiseleka ukuba iminyaka 740-44. e Kuni-Kou (namuhla Kamo). Ngo-745, inhloko-dolobha kwaba kwelinye idolobha - Naniwa-Kou (namuhla Osaka). Ngemva kwalokho, waphinda waba inhloko-dolobha Nara.

Nara kwesikhathi

Ngakho kuyinto inkathi emlandweni Japanese, lapho inhloko-dolobha okwakuseduze layo umuzi Nara (kusuka 710 794 ngonyaka). Ikakhulukazi wakhe - yashesha umphakathi Sinification, isiko elichumayo, ikakhulukazi izinkondlo nobuBuddha, ukudalwa kwe-Japanese zemihla zomlando kuqala.

Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini lesi-8-Japanese ngokuthi isimo sabo Yamato. Nokho, ngo-702, okokuqala kwakukhona indawo-igama "Nihon". Avakashelwe China Avata-kodwa Mahito, inxusa Japanese, okuthiwa njengoba izwe lakhe. Ngaphambi ukwamukelwa of Taiho (main Ikhodi nezomthetho) ngonyaka 701 kwakuyinkambiso, ngemva kokufa zombusi inhlokodolobha washukumiseleka ukuba isimo esisha. Ekhulwini lesi-8 eqala izinguquko emphakathini waseJapane. igunya eyodwa, ine apharathasi yokuphatha kahle yadalwa. Ngenxa yalokho, lo munye zonke eJapane. Konke lokhu kwakudinga ukudalwa isikhungo esikhulu ixazululwe. Inhlokodolobha kuqala 710, futhi yaba isikhungo lesi.

Nara kwaba quadrangle, ngalo lahlukaniswa laba kwesokunxele bese kwesokudla "dolobha." Ngaphezu kwalokho, dolobha lalihlukaniswe eziningi izindawo ezincane. izakhiwo Uhulumeni abangu bagxila engxenyeni esenyakatho Nara. Kukhona esigodlweni sombusi. Emaphakathi idolobha onguthelawayeka, eyaziwa ngokuthi i- "Red Phoenix Street", enwetshiwe kuwo. Efika esangweni main, itholakala eningizimu.

Inani labantu base-Japan ngesikhathi Nara

Nara isikhathi yaponistike uthathwa njengoba phambili izinguquko kuqalile ngekhulu 7th. Baye zihlotshaniswa wokuboleka bese nakho civilizational of China. Inani labantu base-isimo, ngokuvumelana ukulinganisa abacwaningi Russian, babalelwa ezigidini ezingu-6 abantu. Empire of Japan ngalesi sikhathi khona kakade isimo eyodwa. Labantu lahlukaniswa laba 2 izigaba: romin (abantu abalungile) kanye cheonmin (abantu sneaky). Izikhulu kwakungekaNkulunkulu esigabeni sokuqala (base elite laseJapane ngaleso sikhathi), kanye abakhululekileyo nabayizigqila kanye netingcweti temsebenti kwakuxhomeke egcekeni. Onogada babengasekho cheonmin amathuna yaphenduka izigqila kanye nokukhulula izaphulamthetho kanye nemindeni yabo, izigqila ezizimele. Zonke izikhulu, ngokusho amakhodi zomthetho kwekhulu 7th Japan, ihlukaniswe yesifundazwe kanye namaphethelo. Isimo abakuso uhlelo esinqunyiwe 9 kwababusi. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, basuke wahlukanisa ibe junior and esicongweni abaphezulu. Than endaweni ephakeme kulesi simiso uye wabambelela esemthethweni, ayanda iholo ayenakho amalungelo xaxa kanye nezinzuzo.

isimo Umnotho

Umnotho kwalesi sikhathi Sasinjani isimo kuhlelwe. Inethiwekhi ye imigwaqo eya dolobha, lenziwe ngoba iqoqo iyashelela intela. Ngenxa wakhe, waqala ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo of Japan. Ngesikhathi inkantolo kubalwa zemali wesiliva nethusi. Ngonyaka wokuqala, 708 babe zemali Japanese. Imali wawutholakala ikakhulu olwalusetshenziselwa ukukhokha amaholo abasebenzi nezikhulu. Njengoba ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi Japanese kwaba ngaphandle kwenkululeko lezimpahla-imali kwegazi. 90% sabantu abanengi gade babalimi khulula. uhlamvu Yemvelo ababefaka umnotho.

Naturalization kanye nokuqhakaza Buddhism Art

Isici esibalulekile salo kule nkathi iyona Naturalization Buddhism. inqubomgomo uMbusi Shomu kwaba nomthelela kule nkinga. Yena uqobo iguqulwe ukuze UbuBuddha, kwathiwa "umvikeli" yezwe, ngamanye amazwi, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi inkolo isimo. Nara isikhathi - lena ngenkathi bachuma ubuciko eyenzeka ngesikhathi uMbuso of Japan. Kuze kube namuhla iningi imisebenzi yobuciko ezigcinwe Shosoin (Repository Imperial), etholakala ensimini ka Todai-ji Temple. Phakathi kwabo ungathola izinto ezivela eNdiya nasePheresiya, okusikisela ukuthi Japanese asendulo ayehileleke ukuhwebelana phakathi kwamazwe.

Isikhathi lapho Nara laliyisikhungo lonke izwe, khona inkathi oluvelele emlandweni Japan kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa intuthuko yobuciko kanye izakhiwo. Isizathu salokhu khona Ukuhwebelana olubanzi amazwe nge Korea China. base bamukelwe kakade kwakheka isisekelo isiko kanye nezombusazwe e-Japan ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokwanele ukuba nobuntu izici wakhe. amathempelana abaningi namathempeli ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi kuyabonakala namuhla inhloko-dolobha yokuqala, babuyela emuva eminyakeni engu-1,300 ubudala, ukuzizwa emkhathini leyo minyaka.

labantu Nara e-nenkathi yokudlondlobala kwawo

Kukholakala ukuthi sokuthuthwa kwempahla emzini Nara laba likhulu. Kukhona abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-100. Nara kwaba yokuhlala Schomu (Sema), i-emperor 45th of Japan. Yena waqala ubani owayephambili ovamile ukuba abe umkakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhloko-dolobha yokuqala Japan yayiyisikhungo zezombusazwe kanye nezokuphatha nezikhulu eziningi. Kukulo muzi lapho, ngokuvumelana inganekwane yasendulo, owehla evela ezulwini egibele inyamazane uJimmy, umbusi wokuqala eJapane. Ngakho-ke, kuleli zwe, futhi ikakhulu enhloko-dolobha yalo yokuqala, izinyamazane yizilwane engcwele, okuyinto zenzelwe ukuvikela idolobha kanye isimo.

Nara isiphetho emva ngokudlulisela inhlokodolobha

Ngemva Nara saphela inhlokodolobha, ukukhula kwawo isikhathi esithile kumile. ezikhumbuzo Abaningi yezakhiwo kuleli dolobha phakathi nezimpi zombango, okuvame kangaka zenzeka eJapane futhi yathatha isikhathi eside, ngokuba silishiyile izwe, ngokuba iningi izakhiwo ngaleso sikhathi zazakhiwe izinkuni. umhlaba wokulima zaqala ukusetshenziswa inhloko-dolobha yokuqala umhlaba. Uma idolobha ngokubabazekayo wafika kumile ephelele. Nokho, amathempeli enethonya emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva wamelana. Nalapha yaba inhloko-dolobha Nara amathempelana Japanese namathempeli.

Ukubuyiselwa edolobheni

Buyisela kwakungelula ngakho - ezikhumbuzo eziningi kwabhujiswa. Futhi ukuze kabusha Suzakumon, amasango ngokubabazekayo phoenix obomvu, ethempelini main e Nara, wayentula ulwazi ngisho eziyisisekelo. Akwaziwa for oluthile mayelana babheka kanjani. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wokwakha kabusha okwenziwe ngesisekelo onobuhle wenza ngenxa yokwemba, lokuhlela kanye ukuhlaziya amabanga phakathi amakholomu kanye izingcezwana bayakwazi ukubona. Ngo-1998, isango kabusha. Namuhla isakhiwo omangalisayo ukuphakama 25 m. Akhiwa ngokhonkolo zamafiri. Lapho lokwakha kubo ku-akhawunti isimo seismological esifundeni, kanye namakhono athile asetshenziswa, okukuvumela umgomo ukuma eminye iminyaka 500.

izingadi Nara

Ngesisekelo imivubukulo yehlulekile kabusha futhi izingadi, ukubuyisela ukubonakala endaweni lasendulo. Ngo Nara engaphezu kwenkulungwane, evimbela ahlabayo kwamahlathi, elitholakala entabeni engcwele Kasugayama. Futhi namhlanje basuke kubhekwe acwebile. Basaqhubeka sikhule imisedari Japanese futhi ehlathini ukuze izilwane eziningi ezingavamile ekhaya. Ziyakwazi ngokwabo semvelo. Kuyinto eyisimanga ngempela ukuthi la emahlathini lasendulo isondelene emzini. Ziyakwazi ebalulekile ngoba hambo izivakashi. Lezi amahlathi angaba ukufinyelela kwamahhala nsuku zonke. Kube ikhula 175 zezihlahla, 598 zezimbali, 60 zezilwane nezinyoni futhi 1180 zinhlobo izinambuzane.

Nara namuhla

Inhlokodolobha elisencwadini yasendulo Nara namuhla endaweni ethandwa kwezokuvakasha Japanese. Tours lapha unyaka wokugcina wamaqembu esikoleni kanye enkulisa yizona ezithandwa kakhulu. Ukuze abahambi angaphandle, zikhona izinkambo, kubalwa njengoba umthetho ngosuku olulodwa. Uma uhlela ukuba nihlale lapha namuhla ebusuku isikhathi eside, kufanele banakekele kwamahhotela njengoba yabo kuleli dolobha kakhulu. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka inhloko-dolobha yaseJapane - yezindawo engcono lapho ungajabulela izimbali entwasahlobo cherry kanye autumn ukuba bagcine amahlamvu ubuhle mimidzhi.