Amandla lens lens

Kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona yokukhanya kabanzi kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene optical: amakhamera, omabonakude, izibonakude, izibonakhulu. Esisemqoka futhi ingxenye enkulu kakhulu zalezi amadivaysi iyona lens. Futhi amandla lens - elilodwa lamanani eziyisisekelo esibonisa iyiphi yomculo we-optical.

I-lens optical noma ingilazi optical - ingilazi umzimba ukukhanya permeable okuyinto iphahlwe nhlangothi zombili eyindilinga noma amakhabethe nokunye ngomuthi agobile (omunye evele okubili kungenzeka flat).

Ukuma evele okubhayindiwe kungenzeka eyindilinga, cylindrical noma ezinye. Lenses ukuthi abe phakathi mkhulu kunokhalo emaphethelweni, ngokuthi ayizindunduma; nge maphakathi emaphethelweni mkhulu - ngilugweda.
Uma ake ugodo okucishe kufane nalokhu imisebe yokukhanya ku lens convex, futhi ubeke isikrini wakhe, khona-ke olisunduza liye isihlobo lens, sikuthole ndawo kancane elikhanyayo. Akezwa breaking imishayo wakhe falling, ngiziqoqele. Ngakho, ubizwa ngokuthi collect. I ngilugweda lens refracting ukukhanya, lisabalalisa ke esandleni. Ibizwa ngokuthi kusakazeka.

maphakathi lens ibizwa ngokuthi isikhungo salo optical. Noma yimuphi umugqa sidlula ke, iwine kwamagama eksisi optical. A-eksisi intersecting emnyombweni le eyindilinga ebusweni yezokubona ibizwa ngokuthi uthishanhloko (core) ka-eksisi optical lens, abanye - ohlangothini-izimbazo.

Uma ziqondiswe ukubuthwa lens -eksisi ugongolo parallel axis awo, wasidlulisela, lokhu ugongolo ngeke aphambana eksisi kude ezithile kuwo. Le libanga libizwa ubude ebalulekile futhi iphuzu empambana ngokwayo - umnqopho wayo. Zonke ma-lens amabili focus, okuyizinto nhlangothi zombili. Kususelwa imithetho kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona yokukhanya, kungenzeka ngemcondvo ukufakazela ukuthi zonke imishayo Axial noma imisebe esondela nesehlakalo-eksisi optical oyinhloko collective lens parallel eksisi bukhomba ku-focus. Experience kuqinisekisa lokhu ubufakazi theory.

Ake ugodo ray parallel eksisi eyinhloko eksisi optical kwi mncane dvoyakougolnuyu lens, siyothola ukuthi kuba lula ukuphuma kuso, lezi imisebe ngizoya ugodo okuyinto siyahluka. Uma ukuxhumana ugodo enjalo etshiyeneyo esweni, siyobe ucabanga ukuthi imisebe ivela iphuzu elilodwa. Leli phuzu lithole efaka i focus ebonakalayo. Le ndiza, esiqhutshwa perpendicular eksisi eyinhloko optical ngokusebenzisa focus lens ubizwa ngokuthi indiza eqondile. Le ndiza ebalulekile lens ezimbili, futhi zitholakala nhlangothi zombili ke. Lapho lens iqondiswa ugongolo ray, okuyizinto parallel iyiphi uhlangothi eksisi optical, ugongolo, ngemva kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona kwenzeka ke converges ku-eksisi elihambisana at empambana yayo endizeni eqondile.

Amandla optical lens - lena liyigugu, okungukufa okuhambisanayo Ubude baso eqondile. Sichaza ke ngosizo ifomula:
1 / F = D.

Yokukala lalezi zisebenzi libizwa diopters.
1 diopter - i amandla optical lens kokuba ibanga ebalulekile ka 1 m.
Ngo lens convex, leli butho uthambekele kokuhle, kuyilapho ngilugweda - ezingezinhle.
Ngokwesibonelo: Siyoba yini amandla optical umbukwane lens convex uma F = 50 cm - ubude bayo ebalulekile?
D = 1 / F; ngu hypothesis: F = 0,5 m; yingakho: D = 1 / 0.5 = 2 diopters.
Ubukhulu nobude ebalulekile, ngakho amandla lens ichazwe ngu yezokubona Inkomba impahla, esakhiwa lens kanye engaba evele eyindilinga okubhayindiwe ke.

Imfundiso unika ifomula ukuthi ungakwazi ukubala ke:
D = 1 / F = (n - 1) (1 /-R1 +1 /-R2).
Kulesi ifomula, n - kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona we indaba lens, R1 2 - i-radii ka ugobile ebusweni. I radii ezishelelayo ayizindunduma ezibhekwa omuhle futhi ngilugweda - ezingezinhle.

Uhlamvu image eyatholakala kusukela lens into, isb. E. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo, futhi isikhundla incike indawo isihlobo into lens. into indawo nokubaluleka zawo zingatholakala ngokusebenzisa ifomula lens:
1 / F = 1 / d +1 / f.
Ukuze sithole komugqa kokukhulisa lens zisebenzisa ifomula:
k = f / d.

Amandla optical lens - umqondo okudinga ukutadishwa.