Lev Zadov-Zinkovskiy - Inhloko counterintelligence Revolutionary mbuso Army Ukraine Nestor Makhno

Lev Zadov kwaba omele abavelele kwenkathi sesiyaluyalu kulwiwa. Kuvele anarchist by ngokuqiniseka, waqale ayelwa egibele ohlangothini iRed Army, wabe esedlulela izihlubuki Makhno. Ngemva kokunqotshwa "green" Zadoff wabalekela Romania. Ngisho e sokuthula, wabuyela ezweni lakubo, lapho waqala ukusebenzela le NKVD.

eminyakeni yokuqala

Wazalwa Lev Nikolaevich Zadov April 11, 1893. Ngu ubuzwe ukuthi wayengumJuda, futhi igama lakhe langempela labhalwa Zodov. Kodwa umhlobo Makhno Waziwa kakhulu isidlaliso sakhe Zinkovskiy. Lev Nikolaevich Zadov wazalwa ngo ikoloni elincane Jewish eduze banamuhla IDonetsk. Nakuba isibalo sabantu zamaSemite wahlala ezindaweni compact esisentshonalanga izifundazwe of the Empire, Russian. Kwakuhlangene khona Esikhunjeni Esiphaphathekile ka Settlement. AmaJuda ehluleka akufezi abahlala engxenyeni ephakathi yezwe. Kodwa kwakukhona abaningi ku Ukraine nasePoland.

Esikhathini XIX sekwephuzile - ekuqaleni XX leminyaka. AmaJuda amaningi aqala ukuba amalungu ukunyakaza wamavukelambuso. Mina yayiphumula futhi Lev Nikolaevich Zadov. Siyabonga yabasubathi yakhe ngilakhe kusukela zisencane wasebenza nezinkampani ezihlukahlukene (esigayweni, imboni nokunye. D.). Esimweni esinjalo, kwaba nenkulumo-ze matasa ukunyakaza olukhulu zezombusazwe. Ngakho-ke Zadov lula ube anarchist. Ubizwa behambisa izincwadi ezingekho emthethweni, wahlanganyela kule imihlangano. ibala layo kwaba wusizo ikakhulukazi ukuphanga noma "expropriations." Kuyaziwa ukuthi anarchist abasha eyayihilelekile imisebenzi enjalo okungenani ezintathu. Radicals ngephucwe nabalindisango, sesitimela futhi eposini. Imali waya cashier ukunyakaza wamavukelambuso, bese esichithwa ukuyiprinta umkhankaso izinto.

Ejele nasesikhathini iRed Army

Ngo-1913, Lev Nikolaevich Zadov ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe ezingabazekayo waboshwa iziphathimandla. Inkantolo yamgweba iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ejele at ekubeletheni. Kuyinto kukhona ngenxa anarchist Dissonant yashintsha igama lakhe futhi baba Zinkovskaya. Ngo-February 1917 kwaba khona ukuvukela uMbuso. SoBukhosi elalinamandla lawa, futhi uhulumeni omusha wesikhashana yamemezela ushwele zonke "iziboshwa zezombusazwe." Ngakho, Zinkovskiy ngemva kokudonsa kwesigamu schedule.

Revolutionary wabuyela Yuzovka lwakhe (maduze kabusha laseDonetsk), lapho wakhethwa isekela izisebenzi zendawo. Ngemva amaBolshevik wafika amandla Zinkovskiy ngokuzithandela uvele ngaphambi iRed Army. Amabutho akhe kwadingeka sokuba siphumele endaweni Tsarina. Naphezu kwesimo esinzima okubhekenwe nazo ngamalungu kulwiwa, ezejwayelekile wayesenze amaphutha wabonisa amandla akhe ekhaliphile ngokushesha ukhushuliwe inhloko lamabutho. Zadov kodwa ngokushesha ushiye iRed Army. Njengoba wachaza kwelinye kokuphenywa yi NKVD, phezu ukweqa yezinkolelo zakhe siqu utshelwa. Lapho indlunkulu ingxenye kunguwe emholweni, Zinkovskaya njengoba boss omkhulu ikhokhwe 750 ruble. Ordinary wathola izikhathi eziyishumi kancane. Lokhu kwabathukuthelisa anarchist, futhi waya e-Ukraine. Kamuva e-GPU we NKVD wamkhumbuza ukuthi ukuhlubuka kuka-1918.

Isandla sokunene Makhno

Waba induna entsha Zadoff, Nestor Makhno - anarchist futhi ikhanda ezinhlangano zomzabalazo wenkululeko e-Ukraine. Leo iqhaza kuyo yonke imisebenzi emikhulu "abadlubulundayo oluhlaza". Entwasahlobo ka-1919, ephethwe iqembu elihlangabezana umnikelo onxiwankulu nabaphilayo lamakhephithalisti izindawo ezazilawulwa amabutho Makhno.

Ukrainian mbuso Army kwaba kakhulu ze-non-iyunifomu ukubunjwa yabo. Izithakazelo amalungu ayo ngokuvamile musa luqondane. Ngokwesibonelo, wasebenzisa Zinkovskiy idumela kunalokho ezingabazisayo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi ngaleso sikhathi zeqe iRed Army. Abanye abahlanganyeli kulwiwa kusukela phakathi Makhno eseduze yafuna kokufa kwakhe. Kwakumelwe ezinjalo abantu abanethonya futhi wakuthola njengoba Lev Golik (inhloko esiphikisayo intelligence) kanye Alexey Marchenko. Amahlebezi mayelana kungathembeki Zinkovskaya okugqugquzelwa inkulumo ukuthi i-KGB-Soviet azama nokwenza kuye.

Imisebenzi counterintelligence sihlubuki

Ngomzuzu wokugcina iningi iphini lomlawuli wempi ka Makhno wasinda esijezisweni unkosikazi "Ubaba" Galina Kuzmenko. Kuyinto isikhathi esithile ngaphambi wasebenza Zinkovskaya counterintelligence zihlubuki abese benamandla kuye ithemba. Kuyinto ngalesi Zadoff isikhundla sakhe kwadingeka ngithathe umsebenzi eyindida kunazo zonke ayezidinga lapho kwababusi Makhnovists.

emizimbeni Okujezisayo ukuqeda abantu abasolwa nokukhohlisa ngokungathembeki. Lev Nikolaevich Zinkovsky, ezifana Lenin, wayekholelwa ukuthi kwaba nombhikisho ayikwazi kwenziwa amagilavu mhlophe futhi usebenzisa izindlela ahlukile emzabalazweni zezombusazwe. Zonke izenzo zonya ka kulwiwa, futhi ezimhlophe futhi zibomvu, kanti "green" bathethelele ukukhonza injongo enkulu. Kwezinye, kwaba ubukhomanisi, kuyilapho abanye - inkululeko kazwelonke noma ukulingana komphakathi ngaphansi izimiso sokungalalelwa kwemithetho.

Ukuphela kulwiwa

Ngu-1920, iRed Army kudluliswa Denikin futhi futhi kwaba ngo-Ukraine. Khona-ke Nestor Makhno nabasekeli bakhe sekuthiwe bayizitha zabantu. Abavukeli banqotshwa, hhayi kuphela ngenxa yamaphutha lempi, kodwa futhi iphutha kokugqashuka ubhubhane yesifo sezintwala. Izifo waphakamisela kwalinciphisa ngisho amadoda anamandla kakhulu emzimbeni futhi unempilo. Zinkovskiy kakhulu, isikhashana kwaba inhlekelele, Nokho, wakwazi ukuba siphindele esimweni esikahle. Lokho waba phakathi ambalwa Makhno eseduze ilondolozwe kusuka ukufa ngokucasha uyisiphephelo sakhe.

Ngemva umholi we tshoda sihlubuki ukunyakaza kwenzakala ephephile, Leo nomfowabo ngokungemthetho wabuyela Donbass lwakubo. Ngokushesha, uhulumeni wamaSoviet awuzange unqume ukwenza isivumelwano Makhno. Abashokobezi aye azinikela ukuba ukwenza ukuthula no Reds futhi ukubasiza ekulweni izinsalela ibutho Wrangel sika, ezingxenyeni eCrimea. Ekwindla ka-1920 Zinkovskiy yaphinde yaba kafushane le nkosikazi obomvu. Walwa eCrimea, waba nengxenye ukunqotshwa yokugcina White movement in the nhlonhlo.

ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe

Ehlobo lika-1921 Makhno kanye nabangane abambalwa lokusinda wabalekela Romania. Lapho bedlula umngcele Zadov iqondiswe ukusebenza okuyingozi ukuqeda onogada. Bekanye eziyishumi Rebel waqamba amanga Makhnovists obomvu tilandzelwe. Ngakho anarchist ephethwe ukukhohlisa onogada. Lapho balahlekelwa siqaphile, eduze oda Zinkovskaya, umlilo abangenasihe kwavulwa kubo.

Ngakho kakhulu Zadoff waqala ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe isikhathi. Wahlala eRomania. Njengoba ukuphila wawungewona ukuthi, ababekade Makhnovets nomfowabo efektri yokusaha amapulangwe. isimo sabo esidabukisayo wawubaluleke kakhulu, uma kubhekwa ukuthi lezi zihlubuki wayazi mayelana nokuba khona kwamakamu Ukrainian nemingcwabo amagugu afihliweyo yibo ngisho ngesikhathi kulwiwa. Inkinga Kuphela nje ukuthi aba ngababaleki, washesha ukuze bawele umngcele Soviet, futhi akazange abe nesikhathi ukuba zinakekele ikusasa inhlalakahle yabo.

Amazing

Ngokushesha intelligence Romanian kwase kubuthwa Makhnovets wangaphambili. Zinkovskaya athenjiswe umsebenzi eqenjini commando ukuthi kuhlelwe ukuba aphonse ku Ukraine Soviet. Leo wathi yebo. Ngo-1924 wabuyela ekhaya. Nokho, ngokushesha Zadov wanquma sehlulwe lokuphikisana neziphathimandla zamaSoviet. wokuphila kwakhe bathi wayengumuntu kusukela ekuqaleni duril scouts Romanian ukuthola USSR nge ikhadi trump up sleeve yakhe kanye intelligence imisebenzi yangaphandle lesitha.

Zin'kovskaya iqembu kukholelwa ukuthi baboshwe. Bonke abangane bakhe badedelwa, kodwa yena ngokwakhe eside bafakwa imibuzo. kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, isiphetho wangaphambili Makhnovets hung balance. Soviet Cheka obubusa yomthetho kwaba icala lakhe, isinqumo some. Ekugcineni kwezitho uthathwa kunesidingo ukuthatha Zadoff emsebenzini emthethweni. Wayesebenza kahle nakho okucebisayo futhi eyingqayizivele ngokuhlakanipha counterintelligence. Lokhu umlando bezilokhu ezazithandwa NKVD. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amacala ngokuba nesandla ukuvukelwa kombuso wayesevele ezikweletini. Zinkovskiy, njengezinye izinkulungwane Abasekeli Makhno, ushwele ngo-1922, ngokwemibiko ye-ngesinqumo uhulumeni wamaSoviet.

Sotrunichestvo ne NKVD

Kukhona inguqulo Lev Zadov wakwazi ukuxoxa onogada ngobumnene bakhe ngoba wakhuluma ngesimo ukuphi umcebo, ivukela wangcwatshwa e-Ukraine phakathi kulwiwa. Ngo ngokuthé ngqo ukuthi Makhno yena, ekudingisweni, wazama uzithumele abantu abaqotho base-USSR, futhi ukuze ubuyele eziyigugu.

Kungakhathaliseki izindlela Zadovsky hhayi wathola ilungelo ithuba lesibili, wasidalula wathatha ithuba ukuzithetha emehlweni amandla Soviet. Indawo yomsebenzi baba Odessa. Lokhu port ezibalulekile, elitholakala budebuduze nomngcele, laliyisikhungo eliganukejako bamazwe eziningi ezahlukene kanye amaphekula. Basebenzisana neziphathimandla, Zadov wakwazi ukwembula futhi siqede ezinye amaqembu ezigebengu emthethweni.

ukudubula

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngempumelelo kanye ejenti nenzuzo nor was Zadov, Isiphelo sakhe esidabukisayo elindelwe. Wawela emgodini lokusila ka kukaStalin repressions 30s. Khona-ke nje abese eboshwa futhi esingu ku trifles ahlukahlukene kuze sibambe anecdotes mayelana umholi. Umuntu ngesikhathi ukushintsha kuya iRed Army futhi Makhno izihlubuki ngisindile, ukuze Romania, kule isizinda wayemane esasizobhujiswa.

Zadoff waboshwa ngo-Agasti 1937. Wamangalelwa ngokuvukela ubunhloli esivuna Romania. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi NKVD babungekho ubufakazi icala lakhe. Khona-ke, ngokuhamba waya izindlela eyinkimbinkimbi ephenywa ngemibuzo, kuhlanganise sokuhlushwa. Inqubo kwaba unyaka wonke. Ekugcineni, ngaphansi kwalesi ingcindezi Zinkovskiy ngasivuma ukusebenzela angaphandle namasevisi biko. Septhemba 25, kwakhe, njengabanye abaningi babulawa ngo-1938, savalelisa ukuphila kule emigodini ye NKVD ngaphandle ithuba lokugwetshwa noma ngukulungisiswa. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, icala lakhe abephule. Ngisho nangemva kokuba Khrushchev ncibilika ubumsulwa Zinkovsogo hhayi zikhunjulwe. Uvele kwakhe avuselelwa eSoviet Union kuze kube kabusha. Zadov sasifanele kuphela ngo-1990.

isithombe posthumous

Zinkovskiy waba omunye izinhlamvu trilogy Alekseya Tolstogo, "Indlela Eya Calvary". Ngo nokuchazwa umbhali, futhi kamuva lithathelwe yaseSoviet yokuthuthela kule noveli, kwaba wesahlulelo ngendlela enesihluku futhi obhekele oda womele igazi kakhulu Nestora Mahno. ababukeli abaningi uyomkhumbula kuphela temdzabu baba ibinzana "Ngingumfana -. uLeva Zadov, bayazidlalela nami akudingekile"

Yiqiniso, inoveli UTolstoy kwakungeyona umzamo kuphela ukuqonda biography of a anarchist egqamile futhi edidayo. Zinkovskaya ngibusiseke bahlala enkathini enobudlova. Wadela futhi washintsha ubuqotho bakhe njengoba nje eziningi kangaka babantu besikhathi sakhe, okwadingeka ukuba iphunga neziqhumane ngesikhathi kulwiwa.

umndeni

UMfoweth 'wamavukelambuso Daniel owelama kuso kulwiwa. Ndawonye, babaleka ukuba Romania, futhi laba ababili baye yaphindela eSoviet Union. Daniel udutshulwe esifanayo ngo-1938, nakuba futhi wayesebenzela NKVD in Tiraspol.

Kwakuphakathi Zadoff nendodana - Vadim Lvovich Zinkovsky. Naphezu esemncane kakhulu, yena ekupheleni ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe njengesisebenzi sokuzithandela waya ngaphambili. Kamuva waba Colonel yempi. Vadim Lvovich wabhala umlando kayise, lapho wazama ukuvikela anarchist owaziwayo emehlweni abantu ababephila ngesikhathi.