San Stefano ukuthula sivumelwano - ukunqoba esifushane yezingxoxo zezombusazwe Russian

Russian-Turkish impi ka 1877-1878. It is njengoba omunye kakhulu "okuqhubekayo" futhi, empeleni ezaziwayo, kwaba yokukhululwa iningi Slavic amazwe , inhlonhlo ye-Balkan, ngaphansi kokubusa koMbuso WaseTurkey. Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhloso ukujabulela ukwesekwa okubanzi phakathi kwazo zonke izingxenye labantu Empire isiRashiya, uhulumeni Tsarist kwadingeka izinzuzo zalo siqu sokuqinisa ithonya layo emazweni aseBalkan.

San Stefano ukuthula sivumelwano sasayinwa ngoMashi 16, 1878 edolobheni eponymous eduze neConstantinople - inhloko-dolobha Turkey. Lesi sivumelwano uye wazuzisa kakhulu Empire isiRashiya, ngoba ezweni lethu, bekhathele beyingcuba ngenxa lempi kanye nezinkampani ngokwezimali ezingenanzuzo zokufuna ngokushesha bahlele izinzuzo zabo sezikhulu ukunqoba. I uMbuso WaseTurkey waphoqeleka ukuba uvumelane zonke izidingo Russia nase ngemvume iSivumelwano San Stefano, kusukela amasosha Russian-Bulgarian matasa yonke ingxenye YaseYurophu umbuso ezazingaphansi kwawo dolobha - Istanbul (waseConstantinople), kanye kuphela ukungenela kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu wasindisa wakhe kusukela sesinqotshiwe ekugcineni.

San Stefano ukuthula sivumelwano - izimo eziyisisekelo:

• sivumelwano neyaziwayo kutimela Serbia, Montenegro futhi Romania anda insimu yabo;
• Bosnia and Herzegovina kwakhiwa isifunda ezizimele;
• injongo eyinhloko ezazenziwa empini futhi izuzwe - indawo Bulgarian kusukela eDanube kuya oLwandle i-Aegean futhi oLwandle Olumnyama ukuze Lake Ohrid yakhululwa yoMbuso WaseTurkey futhi wathola ukuzimela. Wayefanele ukuba ngaphansi kwesivikelo eRussia iminyaka 3, ngemva kwalokho kuba abazimele ngokuphelele, ngenkathi sigcina ubuhlobo baso eRussia, okuyinto kwake usizo ezinkulu wakhe;
• I-Turkish Empire kwadingeka bakhokhe umnikelo 1.4 billion, ingxenye okwakubekelwa phindisela ezivuna indawo: yemizi nezinqaba ka Kars, Ardahan, Bajazet, Batum, Kars, Dobrogea, le somfula iDanube futhi Snake Island (European Russia yanika Romania).
• Russia ubophekile yoMbuso WaseTurkey wokuguqula ukuphathwa ye-Armenia ne-Albania, ilungu, futhi kancane lungadambisa elikushoyo mayelana ezindaweni ezithile Greece.

Kodwa ukunqoba yaba ngeyesikhashana zezombusazwe Russian - United Kingdom Uhulumeni kanye namazwe e-Union s ayenganelisekile ngemiphumela izuzwe Russia phakathi nempi. San Stefano ukuthula sivumelwano wanika Russia, Romania futhi Bulgaria kakhulu, breaking ubudala isimiso sezombangazwe kanye nokusakazwa amabutho. England esabe buthaka Turkey, okuyinto enkaba kwaphakade eRussia, futhi uhlobo isihlangu ukuvikela indlela sokuhlupheka Mediterranean ukuthi iBrithani wayefuna ukulawula bebodwa. Austrian Empire njengokuba umngcele ngqo Russia eNtshonalanga esatshwe ukuqinisa indima yayo phakathi ahlobene abantu Slavic abahlala kakhulu wombuso futhi ukuvela izimpi wenkululeko elandela isibonelo Bulgaria. Evolved usongo yesibili Russian neMpi YaseCrimea, lapho-ke uba buthakathaka ngenxa impi okuthena amandla futhi nokuntengantenga kwezezimali, kwaba ayikalungi. Ngakho-ke ngo Conference Berlin ngokugcwele baye babhekisise San Stefano ukuthula sivumelwano nemigomo yalo, ekunciphiseni eziningi amaphuzu ayo.

Noma kunjalo, i-Russia usezuze into esemqoka - yokukhululwa Bulgaria kanye nokuqiniswa igunya layo yesimilo netembusave emazweni aseBalkan, nakuba empini isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuze acekele phansi ukulwa layo khono, Inyakazisé uhlelo lwezimali ngesikhathi ongqongqozayo aphume umdlalo pan-European ezinkulu.

Namuhla iSivumelwano San Stefano Bulgaria badunyiswa njengabantu ngosuku inkululeko ingenye amaholide athandwa kakhulu kuleli zwe.