UMTS - kuyini? ubuchwepheshe UMTS. yeselula Telecommunications

zokuxhumana yeselula okwamanje isakhiwa e isiqondiso eyodwa kuphela - ukwenza ngcono izinga lokuxhumana futhi andise izinga idatha. Emakethe izwe lapho kuyinchubo lechubekako kumiswa kwemazinga eziphambili kanye nobuchwepheshe. Ngokuvumelana nalokhu, namagama amasha kanye nezihloko. Futhi omunye wabo iyona UMTS. Lokho kufanele alungise.

prehistory

emakethe emhlabeni mobile okwamanje enenzuzo kakhulu. Kuthatha iqhaza cishe zonke izakhamuzi yiliphi izwe. Kodwa-ke kukhona ekuncintisaneni okushubile. Kukhona ngcono njalo ubuchwepheshe yezokuxhumana mobile. abakhiqizi eziholela imali kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwe-imishini emisha futhi izingxenye yeselula zokuxhumana. ubuchwepheshe UMTS isibe omunye leyo ntuthuko.

mobile ukuxhumana inethiwekhi eyesithathu isizukulwane 3G

Kusekelwe iphakethe ukudluliswa kwedatha. Ukuvela amanethiwekhi ezifana ngenxa ukukhula kwesidingo ubuchwepheshe ngesivinini. Modern amanethiwekhi kwesizukulwane sesithathu asetshenziswa emasimini:

• ukuxhumana ifoni isiqophi;
• exchange interactive idatha ku ezahlukene multimedia ezehlukene;
• ukudluliswa kwe-esiningi idatha nemifanekiso;
• ukusebenza intranethi futhi Inthanethi;
• ukusakaza ulwazi multimedia kwimodi quin.

Izinkinga ezihlobene Standardization ngoba 3G-amanethiwekhi, okwamanje bekwi-International Telecommunication Union. Manje-ke kubalulekile ukucabangela ubuchwepheshe UMTS. Okungukuthi, kuyokhanya uma ubheka indalo yayo kanye nokusetshenziswa.

ekudalweni

ubuchwepheshe UMTS yasungulwa yi-European Institute for Telecommunications Amazinga ngqo Europe. Ngalokhu ukunciphisa ecashile ezilandelayo: Universal Ucingo Telecommunications System. Njengoba WCDMA emoyeni esibonakalayo isetshenziswa lapha. Futhi kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi le miqondo emibili bahluke ngokuphelele, ukuthi ayikuvumeli ukuba kusetshenziswe amagama amqondo ofanayo.

Izinga UMTS kuvame ukubhekwa njengophawu kukho zesikhashana phakathi 2G ubuchwepheshe kanye 3G-4G. Okusho ukuthi, ngosizo ke ungenza inguquko smooth xaxa ezingeni elisha ukuxhumana mobile ngaphandle ukushintsha okuphawulekayo kwemishini, ekhona okwamanje. Njengoba base inethiwekhi umugqa elisetshenziswe lapha GSM MAP, kanye ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi umsakazo kukhona GSM / EDGE kanye WCDMA ubuchwepheshe kuhlanganiswe. Kwakamuva eyakhelwe phezu amanethiwekhi akhona kakade GSM, kodwa ukusebenza ngokulinganisa. Ushintsha phakathi amanethiwekhi esiteshini zokubhalisa Kwenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Ingqikithi ubuchwepheshe

Ngo-UMTS (futhi usebenza kanjani, kuyothiwa waqonda ngaphezulu) ahlanganisiwe ezahlukene amasu ezimbili zomsakazo yezokusakaza. amadivaysi Okuza eveza asetshenziswa UTRA interface. Ngenxa sebhithi 3GPP Releace 4 babe abezindaba esangweni, okuwuphawu kwesango iseva usuke isikhungo. Ngakho-ke ephethwe ukwehlukana MSC okuwuphawu ulwazi kanye idatha yomsebenzisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu sebhithi iqukethe incazelo eningiliziwe jikelele base iyunithi ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi umsakazo UMTS. Kuyini lokhu? Le ndlela yokwenza ivumela zedatha up 2 megabits ngomzuzwana. Manje kukhona nanye 3GPP Ukucaciswa.

UTRAN yakhelwe ukuhlanganisa nesiteshi futhi inethiwekhi umsakazo, futhi unesibopho nomsebenzi we wonke amamojuli RF kanye neziteshi ku-UMTS. Rnc kuyinto isilawuli inethiwekhi, okungase ukukhwezwa ngqo imishini base station. Inhlanganisela yalawo izakhi ezimbili, okuyi isilawuli base esiteshini futhi elihambisana ke, ngendlela imodeli isakhi inethiwekhi UMTS ubizwa ngokuthi subsystem inethiwekhi. Kokunye base unit ingasetshenziswa subsystems eziningana ezifanayo.

Amathuba ukusebenza

3G UMTS evumela ukusetshenziswa imishini ezivela abakhiqizi ezahlukene, njengoba isebenzisa lu esibonakalayo. Ukusebenzisa luR kunika litfuba ukuqaliswa ethambile Handoff Handoff phakathi iziteshi eziningi, okungenzeka zisebenzisa ezihlukahlukene imishini. Yeselula zokuxhumana ezijwayelekile UMTS ivikelwe kusukela uxhumano ikhefu sendleleni, ngoba usebenzisa ngokunikezwa esithambile. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ushayela emgwaqweni omkhulu nge iziteshi nombala esungulwe isizinda, ibanga elisuka esikhungweni esisodwa wabo ukuxhumana iklayenti ithunyelwa osondele kulowo. Ukuxhumeka ayizange iphazamiseke ngokuzumayo, njengoba kwenzeka e-GSM amanethiwekhi. UMTS kulesi sici kuyinto nobungane kakhulu maqondana umsebenzisi. Yiqiniso, lokhu kuyiqiniso kuphela esishintshashintshayo zihlukaniswa ezinhle kwenethiwekhi. Lub esibonakalayo lwakhiwe evulekile ngokuphelele ngokuqondile ukuheha utshalomali abakhiqizi imishini kulo mkhakha.

imishini inethiwekhi

Blocks backbone sakhiwe imishini ezivamile, phakathi awo:

• transcoder;
• irejista wavakashela;
• irejista ikheli;
• GPRS ukwesekwa iyunithi;
• Gateway ukwedlulisela kwamanye amanethiwekhi;
• ukushintsha isikhungo mayelana nokuxhumana mobile;
• base station isilawuli.

Kugcine uyangenelela umsebenzi isiteshi sokusabalalisa ezinsiza, isiteshi usuke, izinhlangano ngokunikezwa, Iqoqo ukudluliswa telemetry kuya subsystem control. On transcoder wajuba ukuze ukuyiqonda nokuyikhumbula emagama signal kudluliswa kusetshenziswa kokucindezelwa inkulumo. Irejista ikheli imelelwa database of bonke ababhalisile mobile opharetha wenethiwekhi. Irejista isivakashi liqukethe ulwazi mayelana ababhalisile enisezweni kwenethiwekhi ndawo.

UMTS isimiso ukusebenza

Lokho kuyacaca kusukela incazelo osekushiwo, kanye isebenza yenethiwekhi, kubalulekile ukuqonda. Ngo block CN kwenziwa imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu, okuyinto ziyancipha ukuxhuma esiteshini yeselula kunethiwekhi, ke lokuvula okwengeziwe, kwasendaweni amaselula kanye Ukukhethwa zokubhalisa, ukuqaliswa namakholi angenayo naphumayo, kwethulwa zokubhalisa phakathi eziteshini base. CN is ngokunengqondo ihlukaniswe izizinda ezimbili - CS futhi IHU. Isiteshi base unesibopho amasignali ukucutshungulwa umsakazo, isiteshi esephepheni futhi ulinganisele lithathelwe, nokuningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ilawula amandla loop kwangaphakathi. UMTS yeselula kungase kusebenze ngokuqondene amanethiwekhi ahlukahlukene zangaphandle evamile ngamaqembu amabili: nge wesifunda esitshalweni kanye iphakethe esitshalweni amanethiwekhi. Inketho yokuqala ngokuxhumana ngocingo, kanti eyesibili - ukuxhuma kwi-Inthanethi. Njengoba ukushintsha isikhungo co-lasetjentiswe umsebenzi waso amanethiwekhi umile, it is uphathiswe konke okuphathelene izici ayadingeka ukuze ukushintsha iziteshi, futhi unesibopho ukuphathwa uxhumano. Ukushintsha ama Centre wenza izinqubo adingekayo ngokunikezwa kanye nokubhaliswa indawo.

Izici ezengeziwe

amanethiwekhi isizukulwane esisha zinezikhathi khona QoS izici nge iqoqo eziza kuqala: Ukusakaza, okuxoxa, interactive kanye nesizinda. Njengoba sekushiwo, kwathatha 3G usebenzisa UMTS. Lokho-ke iye yachazwa ezinhlwini ezingu imininingwane. Okubalulekile, ukugcwaliseka sokugcina inguquko esinjalo kudinga esikhundleni esigungwini zokubhalisa kanye subsystems base station. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo esikhundleni iningi imishini esetshenziswa ezingeni inethiwekhi core okwamanje. Umklamo kuyahluka kakhulu khona ukuhlukana phakathi ezimbili ezimele inkinobho ezingeni - usuke futhi signal processing ulawule amasevisi asebenzayo. Lokhu konke kuyinto itestamente yokuthi lolu shintsho okwalandela kumanethiwekhi isizukulwane esilandelayo kudingeka uthuthukise subsystems base station terminals umsebenzisi. bands UMTS okusha, futhi ukugcwaliseka konke letinhloso kuzodinga ukudalwa zikagesi kanye nokuheha Yimali enkulu kabi.

Isebenza kanjani?

Okwamanje, ukuze 3G zihlanganisa amazinga eziningana, esetshenziswa kakhulu CDMA2000 emhlabeni futhi UMTS. Bobabili ubuchwepheshe zisekelwe amaningi ukufinyelela ikhodi ukusatshalaliswa amasignali. Ngosizo kubo ukuphatha ukunweba amasignali band ewumngcingo in ezivamile amanethiwekhi amaselula. Yiqiniso, lokhu kwanda iklanyelwe ukunikeza engenantambo ye-broadband ukufinyelela ku-intanethi.

Isikimu amanethiwekhi ezifana silula: idivayisi omsebenzisi ahlobene ne-mobile opharetha esiteshini uma isekela le ndinganiso futhi abaseduze. zokuxhumana kweselula Kulokhu uyobe usebenza ezingeni engaba inkulu kakhulu kunangendlela-Wi-Fi, ngakho ababhalisile musa ngakho ikhinyabezwa emkhathini, usebenzisa engenantambo inthanethi. bands UMTS basijabulele kahle zonke izinsizakalo ezihlinzekwe. Uma ngemva kokuna umsebenzisi awuyeka engaba Kwesinye isiteshi, uwela ku uhla nomunye, kungekho ukulahlekelwa zokuxhumana. Ngokuvamile imvamisa UMTS kuyinto 2100 MHz.

Ukuze sisebenze amanethiwekhi abanjalo kudinga imishini ekhethekile umsebenzisi, amafoni ie smart ukuthi ukusekela 3G, i-USB modems, Smartphones, amaphilisi kanye computer aphathwayo ifakwe amamojuli esakhelwe ngaphakathi.

Inkokhelo 3G anesizotha kwenziwe omunye ngezindlela ezimbili: yokukhokha womgwaqo noma okubhaliselwe. Esimeni sesibili, umsebenzisi likwazi ukufinyelela Inthanethi okwesikhathi esithile, ngokuvamile ngenyanga. Kukhona evamile angenamkhawulo tariff izinhlelo, okuyinto abe traffic quota kahle esikhulu, kodwa ngokuvamile kunzima ukuchitha le nyanga.