Izinhlobo izingxoxo: emihle nemibi ngezindlela ezahlukene poll

A ezihlukahlukene imibuzo kukhona izindlela ezivamile yokuthola ulwazi kokuqala mayelana nanoma yisiphi isiqondiso esithile. Izinhlobo ezinkulu inhlolovo zinezikhathi Imiphumela okusheshayo, ukusebenza kahle, lula. Lezi izilungiselelo zenziwa izifundo ezifanayo funa phakathi nabezombangazwe, osomabhizinisi, othisha esikoleni. Ukuze uthole imiphumela ezinokwethenjelwa imibuzo yimibuzo kulolu cwaningo akhethiwe okusekelwe yobudala abaphendulayo izinga labo imfundo.

izinhlobo

Kuye imisebenzi ayinikiwe inhlolovo, kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili:

• izingxoxo;
• imibuzo.

Izici poll

Umbono pholi okuhlukile ulwazi ngqangi lwezenhlalo. izinhlobo zalo eziyisisekelo esekelwe uxhumano ngokungaqondile noma okuqondile phakathi ophendulayo umcwaningi. Injongo ubuhlobo obunjalo uzothola kusuka kwidatha okukhethekile ophendulile ngesimo izimpendulo zemibuzo.

SUMMARY amasu siqukethe lokukhulumisana ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ngokusebenzisa interviewers neqembu labantu (abaphendula). Cishe zonke izinhlobo inhlolovo lwezenhlalo kusikisela umbuzo nezimpendulo inkhulumomphendvulwano. Imininingwane ukuxhumana okunjalo ukuthi hhayi kuphela idinga eduze ukufanisa algorithm, kodwa futhi acabangele ukuthi njengoba abahlanganyeli uzobe enza abantu abavamile ephendula imibuzo ngokusebenzisa okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kwansuku zonke. Amafomu poll akhethiwe kuye ngenhloso cwaningo, ukuthi ziyini izimfuneko ukuthembeka nobuqiniso ulwazi cwaningo, lwenhlangano amathuba ezomnotho.

Okusho izifundo lwezenhlalo

Lokhu inhlolovo linendima ebalulekile ezihlukahlukene izifundo zesayensi yokuhlalisana kwabantu. Inhloso Its main iwukuba ukuthola ulwazi lwezenhlalo mayelana nesimo se-ngokuhlanganyela, siqu, umbono womphakathi, kanye amaqiniso, izibalo kanye nemicimbi kuhlobane ngokuqondile imisebenzi abaphendula. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-90 imininingwane ebaluleke enokwehla kuza ngenxa ucwaningo lwezenhlalo. Imihlobo ehlukeneko survey kubhekwa indlela ehamba phambili ucwaningo komuntu. Zibalulekile ikakhulukazi sokuba ukuhlaziywa izinqubo kwezenhlalo futhi izenzakalo kukhona ezingafinyeleleki ngokubona elula.

Ukwahlukanisa oxhumana nabo abaphendulayo

Okwamanje, izinhlobo survey kungenziwa ihlukaniswe yaba amaqembu amaningana eyinhloko:

• izingxoxo siqu (ubuso nobuso interview);
• efulethini (ozoba endaweni yokuhlala kwezintathu yabantu okwaxoxwa ngqo);
• emgwaqweni (eyenziwa emigwaqweni, zezitolo);
• okufana indawo emaphakathi (ihholo-test).

ukuskena kude

Bona ezihilela ekutholeni ukwaziswa okude. Kukhona ngezigaba esiqondile zedathamininikwane:

• zaku-inthanethi;
• Ingxoxo yocingo;
• ifomu lwemibuzo self-iqondiswa.

Ake sihlaziye izici ibanga: izingxoxo zocingo futhi vo ye-Internet.

ucingo inhlolovo

Lezi zinhlobo survey azinakusilela labo izimo lapho ukufakwa kwenziwe esifundweni. Njengoba ukuhlukahluka okunjalo asetshenziselwa ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu komunye nomunye. Kangakanani inhlolovo ifoni? Okokuqala udinga ukwakha esiphezulu base kungenzeka izinombolo zocingo abafundela abaphendulayo. Okulandelayo nemiyalezo idaliwe kusuka base ngocingo ukhethe izinombolo ambalwa uzobe ngqo abathintekayo kulolu cwaningo.

Izinzuzo lolu khetho kukhona inhlolovo:

• ijubane ukukhishwa;
• izindleko elincane ucwaningo;
• ukusetshenziswa inhlolovo mikhulu ezweni endaweni;
• nokuthi singakwazi ukwenza lokucwaninga ngamaqembu ahlukene abaphendulayo;
• awunankinga izinga ukulawula interviewers umsebenzi.

Phakathi amaphutha enkulu yocwaningo ngocingo uqaphele abalulekile ukulinganiselwa isikhathi kuxoxiswana nabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inketho okunjalo akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi, njengoba emadolobheni amaningi e-Russia, kukhona izinkinga kanye emigqeni ifoni. Uma sihlaziya izinhlobo yesimanje vo, lo nokusebenza kakhulu ngeke ucingo inketho. Inikeza ithuba embule umbono bezinhlanga ezahlukene sabantu kuzo zonke izindaba. Kukhona division of enjalo ezahlukeneyo abahlolwa ngohlobo esetshenziswa: interview izinhlangano ezingokomthetho, inhlolovo ngabanye.

Engxoxweni aba nayo ucingo ukuhlukanisa izigaba ezithile:

• ukuthuthukiswa amaphrofayli;
• ukudalwa isampula.

Kuye injongo isampula isifundo ungaba isisulu lapho kukhethwe ababhalisile ngokuvumelana izimfuneko ezithile: yobudala, isikhundla. Lezi zinhlobo zabantu Survey eyenziwa interviewers abaqeqeshiwe kusengaphambili. Balalela ifoni impendulo, faka kwabo kwifomu ekhethekile ngogesi noma ephrintiwe. kucutshungulwe Kwenziwa amaphrofayli, ukudala amatafula, namagrafu itulo. Ochwepheshe ukuqhuba kohlaziyo we eyanikezwa umbiko kwamakhasimende. It izimpendulo bonke abaphendula 'zabiwa ngokuvumelana amaqembu athile, amatafula ephelezelwa iziphetho ezinkulu. Ngempumelelo kuyoba ucingo izingxoxo kulezo ezindaweni lapho izingcingo ezingaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-75 sabantu. Uma kungenjalo, kuyoba nzima ukukhuluma mayelana ukuthembeka ulwazi lokho kungatholakala kuphela ngokuthi imibuzo.

Kungani survey ukuziphatha ngocingo

Lezi zinhlobo lwemibuzo yakhelwe ukuhlonza sengqondo sabantu oluqonde brand ethile, imikhiqizo, izinkampani. Ucwaningo ucingo enikeza ithuba ukuze uthole ulwazi mayelana nendlela emakethe iphendula izenzo abathengi nezinkampani ukuncintisana. Lokhu izincwadi ezigunyaza cwaningo ngaphandle izindleko ngemali okukhulu ukwenza ukuhlaziywa emakethe ngaphambi futhi emva kokuphothulwa imikhankaso ukukhangisa, ukukhomba ukuphumelela izinyathelo.

Ngokwe Imiphumela yenhlolo-vo ngocingo angenakuqoqwa ukujula impahla, njengoba kukhona imikhawulo ngezinga obulukhuni nezindaba, inkulumo isikhathi. Ukutadisha okunjalo asifanele ekutadisheni imali yenkampani, ukuhlaziya ibhodi zokuphatha.

vo ye-Internet

Ake sihlaziye izinhlobo ezahlukene zaku-inthanethi akuvumela ukuqoqa ulwazi amaqiniso lwezenhlalo ethize, imicimbi inthanethi.

Banikezwe izigidi eziningi abasebenzisi Internet, le nguqulo cwaningo ngokwanele ngempumelelo futhi linikeza imiphumela emihle. Izinzuzo esemqoka lolucwaningo siphawula ukusebenza kwawo ngempumelelo. Kukhona le test nemibi, okuyinto futhi kufanele kushiwo. Umphumela kuthinta khona kulawo masayithi, esiqhutshwa ngesisekelo imibuzo. Onjiniyela kunzima ukulawula izenzo ummangalelwa, ngakho imiphumela engabazekayo.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu elidlule, World Wide Web isetjentiswe ngu zezenhlalo eziningi ukuze afeze izifundo sina ngezinto ezifanele. Imininingwane ingatholakala emhlabeni wonke ngisho basemazwekazini ahlukahlukene. Ngenxa inthanethi ubuchwepheshe usheshisa ukuqoqwa idatha esiyinhloko ekutadisheni izinqubo ezehlukene emphakathini. IT uvumele survey uchwepheshe, izingxoxo siqu, virtual focus amaqembu. Ezweni lethu, umphakathi poll umbono olwenziwa ku-intanethi, namanje kubhekwa ezingavamile. Emazweni European inhlolovo ezifana kwenziwe okuningi kaningi esikhundleni aphindaphinde yabo. Izinhlobo wangabaza ngomlomo esetshenziswa interview evamile, ungavumeli isikhathi esifushane ukuthola imiphumela oyifunayo. izifundo Network kube nezinzuzo zako kuqhathaniswa amafomu bendabuko.

Izinzuzo zaku-inthanethi

Lezizifundo enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba ugcine ezibonakalayo nasengcebweni yabantu, kanye isikhathi ukuthola idatha izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu. Okunqumayo nje ukonga kwemithombo ukuqaliswa inhlolovo online. amafomu Traditional bangezi Kubantu abaphendula, abangamaphesenti njengoba une agqashule ekusebenzelaneni umsebenzi wamanje. Uma iphrofayli ifakwe ohlwini Amakhasi eziningana, akubona bonke abantu isineke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwalo. Ngaphansi iphepha lemibuzo futhi iqiniso ukuthi akuvumeli ummangalelwa ukuhlola ngemiphumela zesikhashana isivivinyo.

ukuhlolwa Online ukuhlinzekela ngempendulo ngamanye ngemuva ucwaningo ekupheleni, ekhuthaza yabaphendulayo ehlelekile iqhaza kuhlolo ezinjalo. akha sengqondo Network ophendulile omuhle ekufezeni cwaningo, kukhona isifiso ukubandakanya kubo abangane kanye nozakwabo. Ososayensi baye baphawula nobuqiniso emvelweni vo Inthanethi. Lapho ixoxa umuntu esengene evamile, imvelo kwakhe okuntofontofo. Thatha inhlolovo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi esikahle, ngakho isifiso ngokushesha balahle abaphendulayo lwemibuzo akazange kuphakama. Indlela Yokwenza we ucwaningo lusikisela oxhumana ezibukwayo okuqondile phakathi ophendulayo sezokuhlalisana kwabantu. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka Esimweni esinjalo yekuchumana lapho kungekho ukungakhululeki ngokwengqondo. Ukungabikho impoqo, umkhawulo, ukuphoxeka, uvalo ejwayelekile inhlolovo zakudala, kuqinisekisa izimpendulo umnyuziki nekhululekile zemibuzo ehlongozwayo lemibuzo.

Lapho umuntu enezinkinga ezihambisana utshwala, izidakamizwa, ukuzibulala, kunzima ukuthola ngezinhloko ezivamile, abaningi bheka it njengoba ngomzamo sokuhlasela kuyingxenye yokuphila. izindlela Traditional aziqinisekisi igama kwezintathu yabantu okwaxoxwa, ukubhekana ngakho inkinga avulekayo Inthanethi. Ngokungafani iphepha, kokuxoxa survey computer engaba nalo izimpendulo zenzeka futhi enemininingwane. Le nqubo luvula khathizwe entsha ngoba kwabantu enokwehla. Kukhona izinkinga ezithile lobuchwepheshe kanye methodological e ukusetshenziswa imibuzo Inthanethi.

Into yokuqala ukwazi ukulinganiselwa isibalo sabantu kokuba i-Internet. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo inhlolovo imibuzo imikhawulo ethile ephathelene nalolu daba kanye asifanele ukuqaliswa kwe-Global Research. Phakathi kwezinkinga lobuchwepheshe waveza ongakhetha elinganiselwe ahlinzekwa izimpendulo. Lapho ummangalelwa ufake inguqulo yakhe siqu, kukhona ubunzima ukucutshungulwa imiphumela inhlolovo. Kunezinkinga isofthiwe, mhlawumbe ukuhlanekezela abalulekile imiphumela. Ingxenye abaphendulayo waphendula okufanayo lwemibuzo izikhathi eziningana, ikakhulukazi uma ucwaningo lufaka umvuzo wezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngenxa yalokho we umnqopho imiphumela kuyehla, akunakwenzeka ukuba akhulume ngokuhlangenwe ukwethembeka.

Ukuqhathaniswa inhlolovo ngocingo futhi ucwaningo inthanethi

Ukuqhathanisa lezi zilwane, izindlela ephenywa ngemibuzo, zezenhlalo uthanda inthanethi ubuchwepheshe. Ucingo izingxoxo zivame ukuhambisana ukwehluleka ngasohlangothini abaphendulayo ezingaba khona. Cishe amaphesenti angu-10-15 wavumelana iqhaza ocwaningweni, abanye abantu bamane wafaka ngamapayipi. Bayalithakasela Isasasa Esinalo poll ayitholakali, kusukela okwaxoxwa akudingeki ethanda khona impahla. imibuzo Inthanethi sibhekene nezinkinga lobuchwepheshe, ayitholakali okuxhumana akude nasemizaneni.

Amapholi ezikoleni

Izinhlobo ezivamile inhlolovo ekilasini: ngaphambili, ngamunye. Ake sihlaziye izici esasenza indlela ngayinye, yokuqinisekisa yolwazi theory kanye nama-ezisebenzisekayo abafundi isicelo abafundisi nezikhungo zemfundo. poll Front for ukuhlola okusheshayo wesikole. Ngokwesibonelo, uthisha angacela imibuzo izingane, kuhlanganise umsebenzi kwalo lonke ikilasi. Lezi zinhlobo inhlolovo ekilasini ivumela uthisha ukuze bathole amaqiniso nesikhathi esifushane span ukuhlola ulwazi yomfundi, bawamukele ezisebenzisekayo.

Ukuze uthole izifundo kwamakhemikhali ne-physics thematic ezitholwe kufanelekile. Thishela kusikisela imibuzo, izimpendulo okuzoba ifomula noma yokukala ngokomzimba (chemical) eziguquguqukayo. Yokubizela ukuhlolwa kungenziwa frontally, okubangela ebhodini ukuze "uchungechunge" ekilasini umfundi ngamunye. Lokhu inhlolovo kuzothatha Ngemizuzwana, kuyilapho ngokuvumela ukuhlola cishe bonke abafundi ekilasini. Wabafundisi humanities (umlando, wesifundo sezokuhlalisana kwabantu, isiRashiya kanye nezincwadi) uncamela poll ngabanye. Yiqiniso, lemibuzo asetshenziswa emsebenzini wakhe hhayi kuphela othisha kodwa futhi kubafundi belandisa. Ukuhileleka emisebenzini yangemva kwesikole, abasebenza yabo yocwaningo, abafana zisebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ucwaningo, izinhlobo izingxoxo. Okokuqala, Thishela uchaza ukuthi imininingwane ingane yocwaningo, futhi kuphela ngemva kokuba ukuthi isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu abasha wabe ucwaningo lwazo.

Phakathi ezicashile abalulekile uqaphele belungiselela poll, ungakhetha kubo ephelele igama. Ngokwesibonelo, ingane uthola ngokusebenzisa imibuzo, okuyinto bakhetha ukuthenga amashampu kwafunda nabo, othisha nabazali. Ngokulandelayo, usosayensi abasha ucwaningo ayo endaweni lab-chemistry, ayehlome izindlela zesayensi, uthola out ukusebenza kwalo mkhiqizo. Ngo esigabeni esilandelayo umsebenzi, ufanisa imiphumela inhlolovo imiphumela ukuhlola, eqhathanisa kubo.

Izinto zesimanje-poll esikoleni baye sekuyinsakavukela, ngaphandle kwabo ayenzi yimuphi umsebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlola elithile eklasini, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kusikisela izingane ukuphendula lemibuzo. Khona-ke, ukucutshungulwa imiphumela, hlaziya isimo ngokwengqondo iqembu. Nge ukudlula isivivinyo uthisha ziqu futhi inikeza ucwaningo abazali, abafundi, ozakwabo. Imiphumela etholwe idwetshwa kuhlela igrafu nobe ishadi, isetshenziswa umbono uchwepheshe we nguthishela ngekwesayizi esigabeni kushiwo. Phakathi emisha zakamuva asetshenziswa inqubo yokufunda, kungenzeka ukuba uqaphele ukuhlolwa kokugcina iziqu ezikoleni zamabanga aphansi naphezulu ahlinzekwa ngesimo ukuhlolwa.

isiphetho

Njengamanje, kuwo wonke amazinga ezenziwa abantu, izinhlobo ezahlukene izindlela inhlolovo: izingxoxo zocingo, zaku-inthanethi, isondo ingxoxo. Kuye endaweni ekhethiwe ukuma elikhulu, ubude inhlolovo. Synthesis izingxoxo nemibuzo kwenziwa ucwaningo ngocingo. It is ikakhulukazi obusetshenziswa ekukhangiseni kanye ukhetho imikhankaso. Amapholi asetshenziswa isayensi ukuxazulula izinkinga ezingokoqobo. Sekuyisikhathi eside Statisticians besebenzisa lezi zindlela ukuze baqoqe ku kwetisebenti, isakhiwo kwezindleko yasendlini.

Izintatheli inqubo efanayo isetshenziswa ukunquma simo omoya izincwadi. TV izintatheli ungakhethi abaphendula ngomqondo othile, ngakho-ke, imiphumela yocwaningo kakhulu uhlanekezelwe. Othisha zisebenzisa abafundi inhlolovo njengenhlangano ukulawula okunye yokufunda, kokuhlola umsebenzi wesikole. Odokotela kwenziwe ucwaningo iziguli eyinhloko, ekutholeni ulwazi mayelana izifo ekhona. Imibuzo kufanele acabangele izici ngokwengqondo Kubantu abaphendula, abangamaphesenti isimo phambi ingxoxo. Ukucabanga inhlolovo, isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu ukhetha okukodwa kokulandelayo: ucwaningo noma i-interview. Njengoba sazi ukuthi ingxoxo kungaba kwabantu kanye namaqembu, ezakheke kuyakhethwa kusengaphambili.

Ifomu elijwayelekile lokubuza kungukusabalalisa imibuzo ekuphenduleni imibuzo. Inhlolovo enjalo ingaqhutshwa endaweni yokuhlala, umsebenzi wabaphendulayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi kanye nokusebenza komsebenzi wezinsizakalo zomphakathi kuthatha izinqumo zabaqashi. Lemibuzo iveza imibuzo ethile, ekhombisa ngayinye imisebenzi yokucwaninga. Leli phepha lemibuzo linengxenye eyethula, iqukethe ukubhekisela kummangalelwa, ichaza injongo nenhloso yocwaningo, incazelo emfushane yemiphumela elindelekile, izinzuzo zayo. Futhi lemibuzo kufanele ikhombise izinga lokungaziwa kocwaningo olwenziwe.

Ukuze lemibuzo iphelele, kufanele ibe nemininingwane eningiliziwe ekuqedeni, isihloko, indawo nonyaka wokushicilelwa.

Ukuxilongwa ngokugcwele kwezenhlalo kanye nezibalo kwenza kube lula ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nokuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene kwezenhlalo nezomnotho, imisebenzi yeminyango kahulumeni kamasipala kanye nesifundazwe, umthelela wethelevishini nomsakazo kubantu abasha.