Australia: Industry and Umnotho

Indlela lokuba umkhakha Lezokulima-Australia akakwazi ngokuthi lula futhi ephephile. I share zaleli zwekazi basiqede izinhlekelele sina, ke asithinti akazange nezimpi zezwe, futhi izimo zezulu ngazo zonke izindlela nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni zimboni. Noma kunjalo, izwe sekuyisikhathi eside ngaphansi kwethonya Great Britain, ngomqondo, wayeba njengompristi isivikelo ekuthuthukiseni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, nemfuneko lokuqala ekwakhekeni ezolimo wasibeka umkhakha British, enezela izinsiza-Australia. Industry and kwezolimo lapha kwizwekazi lase ziye zashintsha kancane kancane, kodwa namuhla izwe ungumholi ngokuya ukukhiqizwa ezimbonini eziningana.

izici kwezezimboni nakwezolimo emnothweni

Ngenxa indawo yayo ezindawo kanye imali ecebile kwezinsiza, Australia has a ezahlukene imikhakha ezimboziwe, kokubili ezimbonini kanye emisebenzini ethinta ezolimo. Kukhona ekuthuthukiseni kancane kancane ukwakha, ukuphrinta, zendwangu, uwoyela, yokusansimbi kanye nezinye izimboni. Kulokhu, lo umkhakha wekukhicita e-Australia ibhekwa njengenye yezinto eziphambili kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukuze wenze uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali labantu ugesi ezweni njalo ithatha endaweni yokuqala.

wemboni Primary futhi kude ngemuva, ukuhlinzeka imikhiqizo ye emakethe yasekhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwamanye amazwe olungisiwe Sekuyisikhathi eside iphuzu eliyinhloko reference eziningi amabhizinisi. Ezimweni eziningi, kuba umkhiqizo wezolimo, okuyinto lemiqulu emikhulu ukungena e-Australia. Industries emikhakheni eminingi kungekho cishe ngenkuthalo usinika imakethe yomhlaba imikhiqizo yabo. Lokhu kubonakala isimo sezomnotho ezweni, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali elikhangayo komnotho wendawo kozakwethu angaphandle.

Ubude umkhakha izici

Umkhakha ehola yezwe Yileso umkhakha, ngoba kule ndawo lalibuswa ingxenye yesithathu yomphakathi wabantu. Izifunda yimpumelelo kakhulu akhiqiza izinhlobo zokwelapha, yensimbi nensimbi, yezimoto, ukudla, amakhemikhali, ukukhanya kanye nezinye izimboni e-Australia, ingasaphathwa amandla. On nokuthengiswa ka bauxite namalahle izwe kwasekuqaleni, futhi supply nsimbi - lesibili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, osungulwe futhi okumba igolide, zokuthumela okuletha amabhizinisi engenayo eside. Mayelana 35% lemikhiqizo lase-Australia kukhona izinsimbi eyinhloko, izinto zokusetshenziswa nophethiloli namaminerali.

embonini yezimayini

Lena ngenye zingxenye eyinhloko emnothweni wase-Australia. Isifunda kuqinisekiswa izinhlobo eziningi izidubedube, ukusetshenziswa okwamvumela isimo ukuba abe omunye the rock esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ikakhulu, i-Australian yimboni yetimayini igxile ukuthuthukiswa kwamachweba ne bauxite, eliyigugu i-opal, amadayimane nomthofu. Izimayini zamalahle uqhutshwa, manganese kanye nsimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekhishwe zinc, isiliva, ithini nickel, i-tungsten titanium nezinye izinsimbi. Kuyinto ukusetshenziswa izinto zokusetshenziswa inikwe amandla lizwe ukwakha umkhakha enamandla futhi Metallurgical. Lokhu ngenhlanhla kusebenza kweminye imikhakha yezomnotho ye-Australia. ukuzimela esifundeni kusuka ukungena kakhulu kusiza ekuthuthukiseni imikhakha emisha ngezithukuthuku izinto zabo etholakalayo eluhlaza.

energetics

Ngesisekelo ezingaba lukagesi state amalahle - omnyama ensundu. Inkinga nje kule mboni ukungabi ilungiselelo Igesi yemvelo namafutha. Njengoba izimboni eziningi e-Australia umkhakha ezidinga ukusetshenziswa kulezi, amabhizinisi athile kuhlinzekwa ngu ukungeniswa. Izinkampani zikawoyela eminyakeni yamuva kakhulu anda ivolumu zokukhiqiza. Nokho kakhulu izitshalo akhona amandla zaba TESy ukuthi ukusebenzisa emalahleni. amabhizinisi Metallurgical nokuthuthukiswa amanethiwekhi ezokuthutha ukunikeza yesimanjemanje izitshalo amandla, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle yabo.

Uma embonini yezimayini e-Australia kuyinto oludonsa nezizimele (okungenani kwepahla), amandla yesimanje, uma sicabangela izici zobuchwepheshe, zidinga yokudla by imithombo yangaphandle. Hydropower izinqolobane zilinganiselwe, kodwa ikhono lazo ukunikezela ubuncane ngokwanele. nemishini ephehla ugesi ngamanzi ngokuyinhloko elise esiqhingini Tasmania nasesikhathini okuthiwa Australian Alps.

Ubunjiniyela chemical umkhakha

Ezokuthutha imishini kungenziwa ngokuthi ukuziqhenya esifundeni. Izizinda ngobukhulu yezimoto zitholakala ekhatsi Adelaide, Melbourne futhi Perth. Ukukhiqizwa imishini yokwenza ingqalasizinda ujantshi Kwenziwa eSydney futhi Newcastle kanye shipyards asezindaweni Davenport futhi Brisbane. Nokho, esiqinile indawo division zokukhiqiza is hhayi waphawula. imishini yezolimo kusisekelo, ngaphandle okuyinto ngeke wenze isikhathi eside, e-Australia. Umkhakha, imboni ikakhulu itholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga yezwe. Himpredpriyatiya kakhulu bagxila engxenyeni eseningizimu yaleli zwekazi. Izimboni ukukhiqiza acid, iziqhumane, umquba wezolimo, inhlaka zokwenziwa nesisindo plastic.

ukudla imboni lehlanganisa tinhlelo

Imboni yokudla ingenye imikhakha eyinhloko yomsebenzi wezomnotho, okuhloswe ngalo Australia. Lunye umkhakha, njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, kuboshelwe isizinda of izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezinsiza yezimayini processing kamuva. Kodwa ukukhiqizwa kokudla iyakhiwa ngokwanele. Lokhu kunjalo ngokukhethekile kwabasebasha yobisi yobisi-ukuwafaka izitshalo, kodwa kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi embonini.

On eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke nazo embonini onguchwepheshe uthuthuva, izindlu ukupakisha, inyama-emasakeni, ufulawa nezinye ukukhiqizwa, bangakunaki okuyinto bephethe yonke e-Australia. Umkhakha e ukudla wemboni sekuyisikhathi eside yingcweti kanye nezimboni ethize, kuhlanganise ukucutshungulwa ugwayi amashidi. Ngaphezu kokunikeza imibuzo yangaphakathi, ifektri ihlanganisa kanye nokuthengiswa. Akumangalisi-Australia likhona uhlu abahlinzeki ngobukhulu wezolimo kwemikhiqizo yezolimo, kanye eCanada naseBrazil.

Ezolimo Australia

umsebenzi Agricultural yezwe wehlukile futhi enezici. Lapha ngokulinganayo athuthukiswe kahle nemfuyo, ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo, iwayini-making kanye nezinye izimboni. Ezimakethe zomhlaba wezoLimo emikhakheni eminingi, lapho osesikhundleni yokuqala yase-Australia. Ezolimo nezimboni, sibonga Okusondele, bavunyelwe lizwe ukuze ube umholi in ukwenziwa uvolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, high nomthamo ukudiliva ubisi wokudla imikhiqizo, ushukela, inyama kanye nemifino. ENingizimu ne-Australia, i-ukulima elikhulayo futhi ingadi. eniselwa ngenkasa nokubakhumbula sikhanyisa amakhandlela ukuletha ezithela ezinhle ukotini, ugwayi kanye umoba.

isiphetho

Australia ngokuqinile isesikhundleni ehola ezimakethe zomhlaba imikhiqizo kwezezimboni nakwezolimo. Kunezinto eziningi ezibangela lokhu, kodwa kukhona izici ezingezinhle. Ngokwesibonelo, ezolimo kwezinye izingxenye zaleli zwekazi thiya nesomiso kanye abampofu inhlabathi okuzala, kodwa lokho kumane nje kuyingxenye izinkinga ezibhekene kule ndawo, Australia. Imboni futhi linazo izinkinga, kodwa ukwethulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nokusetshenziswa elungiselelwe izinto zokusetshenziswa amazwe ukusiza isimo ukusekela ukukhula amavolumu ukukhiqizwa. Ngisho naphezu kobunzima, esifundeni azigcina esitebeleni matasa indawo uhlu emazweni kwezezimboni nakwezolimo ehola. Kuyasiza kule nebhalansi emnothweni, ngaphandle okuyinto akunakwenzeka silondoloze umkhakha nezolimo, okuyinto ngokuyinhloko umkhakha oluyingozi (ngokuya engenayo).