Ihlangano yokuNgeza kokulinganisa Medicine, Petersburg: incazelo, ukubuyekezwa

Omunye izikhungo endala yezokwelapha nocwaningo eRussia Institute of kokulinganisa Medicine (Petersburg). Yaqalwa ngo-ngekhulu le-19, iqhubeka ukusebenza futhi sandise amathuba.

Umlando sokudalwa

Umlando ezaholela ekudalweni kwendoda nowesifazane Research Institute kokulinganisa Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences (Petersburg), waqala ngo-1885 ne yisilwane izinja ezinesihluku esedlulele. Walimala isosha emzimbeni, okuyinto yayalwa Prince A. P. Oldenburgsky. Ngezithukuthuku umlawuli abalimala wathumela ukuze bayothola ukwelashwa endaweni yokucwaninga Lui Pastera, ngawo-Prince ukuthi mathupha. Ukweseka isiguli wabelwa udokotela lempi Kruglevskogo NA, okuyinto wayalwa ukuba - bafunde ukulungiselela umgomo. Khona-ke okokuqala ukuhlolwa kuqala ku onogwaja ukuthi babephathwa ezinamarabi imigomo ziye eyenziwa e-Russia. Inhloso yalo ucwaningo kwaba ukutadisha indlela ukutheleleka nokwelashwa ukuze kamuva ukunweba isipiliyoni yezwe.

Isiteshi sokuqala ukuvimbela zamarabi lavulwa ngo-Agasti 1886 bese wawuseduze esibhedlela odokotela bezilwane. Spectrum enwetshiwe izifundo, izindlela eziye zahlolisiswa ukuba ulwe nezifo ezithathelwanayo, Amagciwane abaphenywe. Ilabhorethri equkethwe izimali siqu A. P. Oldenburgskogo, kodwa babengesibo ngokwanele ukuhlela ucwaningo luhlobo agcwele nezakhiwo wezokwelapha.

Ukuvula Alexander III, iSikhulu wakwazi ukuthola uxhaso yomphakathi, futhi ekuqaleni kuka-Novemba 1888 wavula isikhungo, efana Paris Institute Lui Pastera. Thina wawusekela e labesifazane abahlengikazi umphakathi. Ngemva kokuthola imvume Ophakeme iSikhulu Oldenburg usezuze esiqeshini sendawo esiqhingini Apothecary. Ngo-December 1890, isikhungo esisha wavulwa wethiwa igama elithi - Imperial Isikhungo kokulinganisa Medicine (Petersburg).

Izigaba lokuqala Imperial Institute

With ukuthuthukiswa Institute kwakheka izinkomba eyinhloko ucwaningo kanye nemisebenzi wezokwelapha we izikhungo ezintsha yeRussia. Izinhloko zeminyango babé odokotela abanamakhono besikhathi sakhe, babamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni imithi futhi umcabango ngokwesayensi bamdumisa izwe emhlabeni wonke.

La mahhovisi amasha isikhungo kuye kwahlelwa indawo yokuzivikela:

• Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kweNdikimba I. P. Pavlová umnyango zomzimba wasebenza.
• nezindaba Chemistry abathintekayo ngaphansi kobuholi M. V Nentskogo.
• Division bacteriology jikelele ephethwe S. N. Vinogradsky.
• umnyango Anatomy sokugembula elinikwe beqondiswa N. V Uskova.
• Sifilidologii izinkinga ezihilelekile uMnyango ngaphansi kokuqondisa E. F. Shperka.
• UMnyango Epidemiology ephethwe Gelman K. Ya.
• umnyango Ukugonywa wasebenza ngaphansi kokuqondisa Krayushkina V A.
• Inhloko Scientific Library waqokwa VG Ushakov.

Kuwo wonke umlando wakhe we-Institute of kokulinganisa Medicine (Petersburg) wahlala ethembekile nesiko lako ukuhlinzeka ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuphelele. On endaweni luhlobo uye efakwe ngokuphindaphindiwe ensimini futhi izibhedlela lempi. Abasebenzi alwa maphambili izimpi zezwe lokuqala nelesibili, kanye nokuvinjelwa Leningrad okwehlela ukugubha.

impumelelo

Ihlangano yokuNgeza kokulinganisa Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences (Petersburg) in the ebhizinisini core - ucwaningo isikhungo sezokwelapha, futhi kulo mkhakha abangu izindondo ezinkulu. Imiphumela engaphezu kwekhulu zeminyaka yomlando ziye waqaphela ngezinga lembulunga yonke. Imisebenzi uMklomelo KaNobel, nesikhombisa State kanye Lenin imiklomelo, nanye imiklomelo zezemfundo siqu atholiwe. Ososayensi iqembu ngokuphindaphindiwe baba abawinile indondo yaqanjwa A. P. Oldenburgskogo, ososayensi ezingaphezu kuka ayisithupha abaqokelwe waseSoviet Union njengenkolo ilungu Academy of Sciences kanye Academy of Medical Sciences, futhi kamuva eRussia.

umsebenzi ucwaningo Active yathela izithelo ezintsha abazitholayo, lezi abasebenzi abayisikhombisa bathola ama-diploma, kwakukhona patent kanye nezitifiketi-copyright lemine ku ezintsha esiyingqayizivele.

yesimanjemanje

Ihlangano yokuNgeza kokulinganisa Medicine Petersburg esigabeni samanje ingenye izikhungo ehola wezokwelapha nocwaningo yeRussia. isikhungo Ucwaningo waziphatha ucwaningo kuwo wonke amazinga izinhlelo ophilayo kusukela ukuziphatha lephelele umzimba ukuze izakhi ezithile. Isikhungo uhlelekile futhi usebenze neminyango nambili, okuyizinto imisebenzi academicians eziyisikhombisa, elihambisana amalungu Russian Academy of Sciences, kanye odokotela abayikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu ezimbili ukhetho wesayensi.

Ihlangano yokuNgeza kokulinganisa Medicine (Petersburg) ngesikhathi kwesisekelo salo ivule iziqondiso ezintsha eziningana ucwaningo. Ngo-2014 wasungula Laboratory amagciwane abangela izifo, kuye futhi sidaliwe futhi olusha iqoqo yokugoma ngokumelene zamagciwane eziningi Umkhuhlane.

umtholampilo sikhungo sika

Enye yezindawo zokuqala ukuthi yayibaluleke yezokwelapha ezihambisana nawo, 1890 babe umnyango lokugoma, futhi sifilidologii, kamuva owaba kulungiselelwa emtholampilo. Kumiswa isakhiwo ehlukene ngaphakathi Institute kwaba ngo-1906. Ukuze umtholampilo lakha isakhiwo elehlukile, wavula kudingekile, ngaleso sikhathi, ukuhlukana kwazo isikhumba nezifo syphilitic. Ngo emva kwempi kweminyaka abasebenzi IEM wathatha ingxenye esebenzayo ekubumbeni ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwezempilo izisekelo isimo abasha. Isikhungo uthathé ukuma okuholela kwesayensi yezokwelapha i-USSR.

Phakathi nempi kanye nokuvinjezelwa kweLeningrad Military Hospital u efakwe kule ndawo. IEM eyilungu Academy of Sciences ngemva kwempi. umsebenzi emitholampilo siqu lavuselelwa ngo-1981. Namuhla i-Institute of kokulinganisa Medicine (Petersburg) ngesisekelo uMnyango emitholampilo kunikeza zokwelashwa izakhamuzi Petersburg zonke izifunda waseRussia, kanye nosizo enikeziwe izakhamuzi amazwe.

Siyabonga kanye nokuxhumana ndlela ezimbili - ucwaningo theory kanye imithi ezisebenzayo, nokunakekela olunikezwa umtholampilo ingenye ngempumelelo kakhulu futhi eziphambili.

ngokuhlukana esibhedlela

IEM Umtholampilo (Petersburg) ifakwe imishini yesimanje zobuchwepheshe. imisebenzi zokwelapha kanye kusebenta kwahulumende abazenzi for iziguli othola inpatient noma ukwelashwa sinenkonzo yokunakekela iziguli emakhaya. Umtholampilo unomsebenzi ukwahlukana main:

• Surgery.
• kwesigaba zokuxilonga nokwelapha, lapho indlela Kwenziwa inqubo endovascular.
• Nezenhliziyo.
• Kwemizwa.
• Ukuvuselelwa.
• Consultative-zokuxilonga.
• Psychotherapy.
• Yokusiza umuntu ukuba aphefumule.
• Isayensi yokubulala izinzwa.
• Ophthalmology.
• Laboratory (yomtholampilo, assays zokuxilonga)

Eminyakeni yamuva, i-yagxila ucwaningo kanye nemisebenzi yezokwelapha IEM ukuthuthukisa izindlela ezintsha ukuze nokuvinjelwa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene, ngcono izindlela ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwezifo kungakephuzi ezikhona. Ngesisekelo izimiso theory imithi kwakwakhe nokusetshenziswa esisebenzayo yezindlela athuthukile, izimiso ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa ukuphela nesineke.

umtapo

Ihlangano yokuNgeza kokulinganisa Medicine (Petersburg) yasungulwa ngo izakhiwo ezakhiwe phambi Revolution. Ezinye zazo ezisekhona kuze kube namuhla. I eziyinkimbinkimbi isakhiwo kunazo yesiteleka Ezezindlu umtapo. Yakhelwe esikhathini kusuka 1911 kuya 1913 ngo wezakhiwo GI Lyutsedarskim, sesiye owumthombo Russian modernist isitayela. Umqulu main onalo izincwadi kanye Room isikhala okweqanda.

Ipaki olungaphambili lwesonto isakhiwo elaklanywa umakhi Pokrovsky VA, kodwa hhayi i-umtapo futhi inkundla isiRashiya, wadala for Paris International Exhibition yokuhlanzeka. Ekupheleni izakhi ukuchayeka olungaphambili lwesonto ye sakhiwo ehlotshiswe umtapo majolica. Kwaphela isikhathi eside isakhiwo yawela labhidlika nokubuyiselwa edingekayo, ke esanda kwenziwe. On the Ensemble yokungena abuyiselwe elingenamikhono Imperial enkulu izingalo, okusekelwa yizingelosi. It ibuyiselwe futhi kwezinye izingxenye olungaphambili lwesonto, wayithi ukuphila yesibili a iminyango esiyingqayizivele esenziwe ngokhuni ekhandiwe Iron plate.

Iqoqo eziyingqayizivele izincwadi

IEM umtapo Isikhwama yasungulwa ngo-1891, Kusekelwe amavolumu 500 kusukela umtapo siqu Isayensi Prince AP Olderburgskogo. zigqila Eminye izincwadi zenzeka ngokuvumelana izikhungo iphrofayela nocwaningo olwenziwa, eyasebenza njengodonga kumiswa iqoqo eliyingqayizivele ezincwadini zesayensi.

I vaults umtapo kukhona izincwadi ku imithi okuqondene 16-18 eminyaka, iqoqo elikhulu dissertation nemisebenzi yesayensi izikhungo ezifuywayo angaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalezi rarities e izimali umtapo kukhona izenzo zomthetho ezihlobene nomsebenzi Institute sika kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala, ukuxhumana wochwepheshe bezempilo zasekhaya kanye nozakwabo.

Ngo ihholo lombukiso umtapo, ungabona "Aphorisms" sikaHippocrates 1641 edition yemisebenzi yakhe yezokwelapha 1657 hlobo Latin mqondo I. P. Pavlová, eyabhalwa kuye ngo-1883, uhlelo nokuphila kwethu njengabantu "Critique Okucabanga Oluhlanzekile 'Kant sika (1790) nokunye okuningi.

Esikhathini amahholo noveranda umtapo of esakhiweni esidala namanje emi ifenisha, owasetshenziswa abasebenzi nabafundi ngesikhathi ukuphila ka Pavlov nezikhathi ngaphambili.

Izikhumbuzo ensimini ka IEM

Ihlangano yokuNgeza indawo, ngokwalo, eliye lenza osungugqamezweni zomlando, sibonga ngezenzakalo ezithile nabantu elikhuluma asathuthuka wesayensi yezokwelapha. Kukhona izikhungo ezimbalwa, okuyinto bagxile eziningi Izincomo kusukela uzalo ababephila ngesikhathi ososayensi ngabanye, lapho izakhiwo izakhiwo iyagcinwa futhi zigcinwe zisesimweni esihle futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo siyaqhubeka yisiphephelo isayensi yesimanje.

Izikhumbuzo futhi izakhiwo mlando IEM:

• Busts esikhathini sikaCharles Darwin, Lui Pastera, D. uMendeleyev, I. Sechenov.
• Lesikhumbuzo ukuze inja. Umi at the isinyathelo I. P. Pavlová iphawula ukubaluleka ngokukhethekile zokuhlolwa lapho izinja babe zokuhlola, bavunyelwe ukufunda ngokuningiliziwe izitho zomzimba ezithile zesimiso sezinzwa.
• Isiphethu-ophuzayo ngoba izinja noma isikhumbuzo ucwaningo yesayensi Pavlov nge bas-imifanekiso.
• Imyuziyemu-Laboratory of Academician Pavlov.
• Isikhumbuzo umsunguli Russian Radiobiology ES London.
• Lesikhumbuzo ukuze Lenin.
• isakhiwo Ukubulala amagciwane, amanzi umbhoshongo izindlu (eyakhelwe esikhathini 1889 - 1890).
• Buildings patho-yokwakheka ngokuhlukana, gumbi bokuphila, laboratory yamakhemikhali pathology jikelele (1892-1895 lalakhiwe eminyakeni).
• Lesi sakhiwo eyinhloko IEM (iminyaka 1890-1936).
• isakhiwo Laboratory IEM noma "Tower Wokuthula" (iminyaka 1912-1914).

ikheli

IEM itholakala izakhiwo eziningana emzini. Lesi sakhiwo esikhulu itholakala emgwaqeni Pavlová, Isakhiwo 12, we-Institute of kokulinganisa Medicine (Petersburg).

Maly Prospekt Petrograd uhlangothi, Isakhiwo 13 - ikheli emtholampilo IEM.