Isimangaliso wangempela waleli zwe - kuba izingcweti e Ancient Egypt

Ngo-1905, Archeologist Italian futhi orientalist Ernesto Schiaparelli, uye immortalized igama lakhe kokutholakala ethuneni Nefertari, inkosikazi yokuqala avelele Ramses II, ngenza enye kwatholakala okuthile okumangalisayo. On ngasentshonalanga yomfula saseNayile ngaphesheya Luxor, wathola iqembu le yamathuna Theban, futhi eduze kwalo - settlement wezingcweti eyakha emathempelini omangalisayo Valley YamaKhosi. Lesi sivumelwano okungukuthi, Deir el-Medina, manje eyaziwa kuyo yonke Isazi sezinto ezindala zaseGibhithe njengendlela "esikhundleni iqiniso", isibuko undistorted kubonisa ukuthi izingcweti wahlala eGibhide koFaro.

Deir el-Medina umsuka at faro Thutmoses mina, cishe phakathi e XVI. BC. e. Nokho, kuyiqiniso art yezandla yayetayelekile AbaseGibhithe lasendulo eside ngaphambi lo mcimbi. Abavubukuli nekhono imikhiqizo eyaziwayo izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, yangekhulu ekuqaleni kwenkathi zethusi (acishe abe yizinkulungwane 3. BC. E.). Bronze nethusi enza amathuluzi, izitsha, Izithombe nezikhali. Iron kwensimbi lokuqala kwakukuncane ukuze nabaseGibhithe lasendulo wayembheka njengomuntu izinkanyezi esewile, othunywe evela ezulwini.
Izingcweti eGibhithe lasendulo, ukusebenza izinsimbi, bekusolo emalini, kodwa kwakungekho muntu ebaluleke kakhulu Jewelers ukuthi iphathwe igolide namatshe ayigugu. Abaningi imihlobiso kanye izimfanelo zenkolo, atholakala emathuneni oFaro namathempeli, kukhona olungenakuqhathaniswa kuze kube manje, futhi ubuchwepheshe babo ukukhiqiza akuyona ixazululwe kuze kube yilolu suku.

Elinye iqembu ohlonishwa wezingcweti babe kulabo ababesebenza ngezindwangu izinkuni. Lokhu kwakuhambisana nezinga eliphansi kusilela eliphezulu ukhuni: kokubili i nomlambo iNayili wakhula, ikakhulukazi wamasundu indiza izihlahla kodwa Nemisikhamori. Phakathi kwabo ngokuvamile enziwa ifenisha. Monopoly ku ukuhweba uFaro bavunyelwe ukuletha laseGibhithe amazwe empumalanga amandla iziqu, behamba izidingo umkhumbi. Futhi kusukela eNingizimu amazwe ebony esiyigugu ukuzedlula zonke lapho ekhiqizwa izimpahla okunethezeka futhi ifenisha for kwezakhi engenhla umphakathi.

Alone babe ababazi owadala itshe izakhi ngabanye ezakhiwo emathuneni ngokubabazekayo namathempeli. Naphezu isikhundla kuqhathaniswa nelungelo, bancike ngokuphelele ngemiyalo yezikhulu lo faro noma umpristi. Akekho, ngaphandle kwabo, "ukweqisa yezakhiwo" awazange ezidingekayo.

Ukuze abantu abavamile okuhloswe umkhiqizo ubumba kanye imihlanga. Izingcweti eGibhithe lasendulo esungulwe ekukhiqizweni zobumba ware futhi Ababazi bakha izihlalo, amacansi, iziqabetho. Izitsha ngokuvamile itholakala imihlobiso ngesimo izibalo, imifanekiso, izithombe zonkulunkulu, abantu kanye nezilwane.

Ukukhiqizwa zelineni sihlehlela emuva lwamakhosi lokuqala oFaro. Yahlanganisa ngayo imishini mpo futhi enezingqimba. Ikhishwa futhi upende ibala ke. Mayelana zelineni ezimibalabala kungenziwa wehlulelwa yasezindongeni umbala emathuneni namathempeli.

Isithombe kuyohlale kuntula uma ngingenaye kokukhuluma ukukhiqizwa on Papyrus, okuyinto isibe uphawu ebalulekile emlandweni waseGibhithe lasendulo. I esinakho ingila ukucutshungulwa abatshali umhlanga we luningi Nile Delta, futhi kwakungekaNkulunkulu uFaro. Izingcweti eGibhithe lasendulo babephathwa fibre kamoba futhi umoba, futhi wasitholela papyrus ngokubhala, okuyothi safinyelela kithi ulwazi oluyigugu ngezenzakalo ezenzeka eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule.

Kusukela itholwe ngenkathi ukumba e Deir el-Medina, imininingwane eminingi efana wamatshana yakhiwa isithombe olulodwa, okubonisa izimpilo ababazi eGibhithe lasendulo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayeyizigqila izimfihlo acwaninge ekwakhiweni emathuneni: ngamunye wabo wathatha umphathi ukunakekelwa, futhi lo muzi wawakhiwe uhlukane nomhlaba wonke izindonga eziphakeme. Nokho, zazivunyelwa ukuba siphile kanye nawomkabo nabantwana. Futhi ngokuvamile, uma iqhathaniswa nezinye artisan yesikhundla sabo lalibhekwa nelungelo.

Kusukela Deir el-Medina kuyinto uxhumeke ezimangalisayo izwe lasendulo umcimbi - isiteleka kuqala emlandweni wesintu! Yebo, izingcweti eGibhithe lasendulo kanye nesibindi ukuze baphakamise emalungelo ato ngemva kokuba Sekuyisikhathi eside ikhokhwe lutho enzuzweni yomshikashika wabo. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we ukhuluma ngalokhu ngakho ngokuthi "iziteleka Papyrus."

Noma ubani oke waba esingaka eGibithe, wavakashela Museum yakhe, wabona ukudalwa ngezandla zabantu ngaleso sikhathi esakhiwe izakhiwo ezinkulu, uyaqonda isimangaliso esikhulu zomhlaba lapha - hhayi nje kwemibhoshongo yaseGibhithe futhi sarcophagi, kodwa ukudala abantu babo elula ubani ukuthi kuningi engikwaziyo izikebhe yami ayilokothi ukuphila engakutholi ngaye umvuzo omuhle.