Ukushintshashintsha Kwezwi - a ... Pulse ububanzi ukushintshashintsha kwezwi

Lapho sibhekene ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kanye imiqondo emisha, abaningi uzama ukuthola izimpendulo zemibuzo yabo. Ngenxa yale njongo kubalulekile ukuchaza iyiphi mkhuba. Omunye wabo uyinto ezifana kwezwi. Mayelana naye, futhi Kuzoxoxwa.

incazelo jikelele

Ukushintshashintsha Kwezwi - yinqubo kushintshwa eyodwa noma lonke iqoqo imingcele ephezulu imvamisa oscillations ngokuhambisana nomthetho imvamisa Imininingwane ongaphakeme umyalezo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuba ukudluliselwa nomkhakha we isignali ukulawula esifundeni imvamisa high, kusukela isikhala aphumelele yezokusakaza idinga ukuthi bonke ama-transceivers eziqhutshwa at amaza ezahlukene ngaphandle kokuphazamisa nomunye. Ngokusebenzisa le nqubo, ulwazi kunyakaza ibekwe esithwalini, eyaziwa a priori. Isignali isilawuli liqukethe ulwazi ngocansi. High-imvamisa oscillations uthatha indima isithwali kolwazi, kanjalo athole isimo yenethiwekhi. Isignali isilawuli idatha ngocansi selibekiwe. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ukushintshashintsha kwezwi ukuthi izinsiza ezincike onjani umumo gagasi esetshenziswa: elingunxande, ntathu, noma enye. Lapho amasignali digital ukukhuluma mayelana zokukhwabanisa. Ngakho, ukushintshashintsha kwezwi - inqubo ezihilela nokudludliza, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi imvamisa, ukuphakama kwawo namandla awo, isigaba, kanye nabanye.

zinhlobo

Manje ungabona ukuthi izinhlobo imihlola khona. Eqinisweni, ukushintshashintsha kwezwi - inqubo lapho igagasi ephezulu imvamisa idluliswe. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo: imvamisa, ukuphakama kwawo namandla awo kanye isigaba. Lapho imvamisa ukushintshashintsha kwezwi kwenzeka ushintsho imvamisa, nge amplitude - amplitude kodwa nge isigaba - isigaba. Kukhona ukubukwa okuxubile. Ukushintshashintsha kwezwi Ububanzi futhi ukuguqulwa basonta oluhlukanisa izinto ezinhlobonhlobo. Kulokhu, nemingcele ephezulu imvamisa kunyakaza ukushintsha discretely.

Ukushintshashintsha kwezwi amplitude

In izinhlelo nge lolu hlobo ushintsho ushintsho amplitude yenethiwekhi wave at a imvamisa eliphezulu esebenzisa wave modulating. Lapho ukuhlaziywa okukhipha imvamisa yembula imvamisa okokufaka hhayi kuphela, kodwa sum yabo futhi umehluko. Kulokhu, uma ukushintshashintsha kwezwi - iyona wave eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, amasignali inkulumo ehlanganisa sebuningini amaza, kwakuzothatha ngamaqembu amabili, eyodwa ngaphansi yenethiwekhi, futhi ilungu yesibili isamba kanye umehluko amaza. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-lateral: yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi. Okokuqala - lifana ncamashi yasekuqaleni isignali umsindo sigudluke by imvamisa othize. Ibhande ephansi - ikhophi isignali yokuqala lapho isidlulile kombhala, okungukuthi, original amaza okusezingeni eliphezulu - imvamisa aphansi engxenyeni engezansi.

Uhlangothi ephansi nesibuko isithombe elingenhla ohlangothini ngokuhlobene imvamisa yenethiwekhi. Uhlelo usebenzisa amplitude bashintshashintshe izwi, bahlabe esiphathiswa ukuwudlulisa ohlangothini ezimbili, ebizwa ngokuthi onemizila emibili. Inkampani yenethiwekhi ayinazo ukwaziswa okuwusizo, ngakho-ke kungaba zisuswe, kodwa noma kunjalo, band isiginali kabili yasekuqaleni. Ukuvala band ibangelwa displacing hhayi kuphela ukusekelwa, kodwa futhi omunye ohlangothini, njengoba omunye ucezu ulwazi oluqukethwe kuyo. Lolu hlobo is njengoba ukushintshashintsha kwezwi owodwa sideband nge yenethiwekhi ukuyiveza ezaziwayo.

demodulation

Le nqubo kudinga ukuxuba isiginali modulated nge othwala imvamisa efanayo esikhishwa modulator. Ngemva kwalokho, isignali yokuqala eyatholakala ngesimo ehlukile imvamisa noma Ibhendi yokuvama, bese kuhlungwa kusuka nezinye izimpawu. Ngezinye izikhathi isizukulwane isithwali demodulation okwenzeka phansi, kuyilapho awusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi kuhambisane imvamisa yenethiwekhi kuya modulator. Ngenxa umehluko omncane phakathi amaza avele mismatches, okuyinto ejwayelekile, banakekele izifunda ngocingo.

ishayela ukushintshashintsha kwezwi

Kulokhu, isiginali Baseband digital, isb ivumela ukuze encode ezingaphezu kweyodwa kancane Translations into Zulu ngamunye ngokusebenzisa ikhodi isignali idatha kanambambili zibe amazinga amaningi. I ibhithi isignali kanambambili ngezinye izikhathi ihlukaniswe ngazimbili. Ukuze i-pair of ezine kancane inhlanganisela samuntu ingasetshenziswa, lapho umbhangqwana ngamunye imelelwa omunye amazinga amane kwawo namandla awo. isignali okubhalwe okunjalo ungachazwa ukuthi izinga ukushintshashintsha kwezwi isigamu izinga Translations into Zulu isignali idatha yokuqala, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziswa ukushintshashintsha kwezwi amplitude ngendlela ezivamile. isicelo sayo etholakala radio yezokuxhumana.

imvamisa ukushintshashintsha kwezwi

Systems nge ukushintshashintsha kwezwi ucabange ukuthi imvamisa yenethiwekhi kuzohluka ngokufanele nge ukuma isignali modulating. Lolu hlobo luphakeme ngokuya ukuzinza amplitude ukuze kubonwe ithonya phezu kwinethiwekhi yefoni, ngakho-ke kumele kusetshenziswe ngesivinini aphansi, lapho asikho isidingo ukubandakanya komkhawulokudonsa ezinkulu.

Isigaba-amplitude ukushintshashintsha kwezwi

Ukuze kwandiswe isibalo ibhithi Translations into Zulu ngayinye kungenzeka isigaba kuhlanganiswe nokuguquguquka kwezwi kwawo namandla awo.

Njengoba eyodwa yezindlela wanamuhla ukushintshashintsha kwezwi amplitude okhombisa kungenzeka omunye ukuthi kusekelwe multicarrier ukudluliswa okukhulunywa. Ngokwesibonelo, kwezinye isicelo esiphathiswa 48 ahlukaniswe isiqeshana of 45 Hz. Ngokuhlanganisa amplitude futhi isigaba ukushintshashintsha kwezwi yenethiwekhi ngamunye zabelwe 32 uthi ngokuqhubekayo ngamunye isikhathi Translations into Zulu ehlukile, okwenza kube lula ukuthwala 5 izingcezu Translations into Zulu ngayinye. It kuvela ukuthi yonke le isethi ikuvumela ukuba uthumele 240 izingcezu Translations into Zulu ngayinye. Lapho eqhuba ngesikhathi 9600 kancane / s ukushintshashintsha kwezwi izinga kudinga Translations into Zulu 40. Lesi sibalo ongaphakeme kuyinto ngempela ukubekezela isithwathwa amplitude futhi isigaba kuzuba umuntu azalwa nalo lokuhlaziya sezingcingo.

Code ukushintshashintsha kwezwi ngokubhuduzela

Lolu hlobo ngokuvamile ubhekwa njengomunye uhlelo lokusakaza amasignali analog, isib, ngezwi ilebula. Le nqubo ukushintshashintsha kwezwi alisetshenziswa modems. Lapha gating kwenzeka isiginali ye-analog ngesilinganiso kabili aphakeme isignali imvamisa ingxenye ifomu analog. Uma usebenzisa izinhlelo ezifana zokuxhumana ngocingo gating kwenzeka izikhathi 8000 ngomzuzwana. isampula ngalinye - yizinga voltage okubhalwe ikhodi eziyisikhombisa kancane. Ukuze bamele lulwimi lolukhulunywako, lokufaka ikhodi isetshenziswa logarithmically. Seven izingcezu kanye lwesishiyagalombili ekhuluma khona isignali kwakhiwa OCTET.

Ukushintshashintsha kwezwi futhi ukuthola liyadingeka ukubuyisela isignali umyalezo, okungukuthi inqubo reverse. Uma lokhu isignali is iguqulwe ngu ngendlela nonlinear. izakhi Nonlinear enothisa izingxenye ezintsha nomkhakha we nomkhakha we isignali okukhipha nokuhlunga zisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa ongaphakeme imvamisa izingxenye. Ukushintshashintsha futhi ukuthola engenziwa usebenzisa cleaner diodes, transistors, Semiconductor diode njengoba isici nonlinear. Ngokwesiko esetshenziswa ichashaza Semiconductor diodes, kusukela capacitance okokufaka Planar olukhudlwana.

izinhlobo yesimanje

Ukushintshashintsha kwezwi Digital inikeza ulwazi umthamo obukhulu iyahambisana ezihlukahlukene digital amasevisi wedatha. Ngaphezu kwalokho ngosizo ngcono ukuphepha kolwazi, ngcono izinga zokuxhumana kanye kunonophiswe kutfolwa kubo.

Kukhona izingqinamba eziningana ezibhekene nabaqambi izinhlelo: amandla kuvunyelwe futhi Ibhendi yokuvama ububanzi, nomsindo wokuhlokoma predetermined ezingeni zokuxhumana. Nsuku zonke inombolo yabasebenzisi zokuxhumana izinhlelo, kanye nesidingo esikhulayo kubo, okudinga ukwanda umthombo umsakazo. Ukushintshashintsha kwezwi Digital luhluke analog ukuze yenethiwekhi ke okuhambisa esiningi ulwazi.

eyinkimbinkimbi yokusetshenziswa

I Onjiniyela yedijithali umsakazo izinhlelo kuyinto msebenzi esemqoka - ukuthola ukusilela phakathi ububanzi band idatha yezokusakaza kanye yinkimbinkimbi uhlelo ngobuchwepheshe. Kuze kube yimanje, amasu ukushintshashintsha kwezwi ezahlukene ukusetshenziswa ezifanele ukuze uthole umphumela oyifunayo. ukuxhumana Radio kungenziwa ihlelwe ngokusebenzisa Lidlulisela elula busebenze umamukeli, kodwa uhlu lokuvama kuyinto wakhona inani lamalungu okumele usetshenziselwe wemiyalezo enjalo. Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi noma zidlulisele eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye abamukelayo zidinga womkhawulokudonsa Imininingwane ukusakaza ivolumu efanayo kancane. Ukudlulela spectrally kahle yokudlulisela amasu adingekayo izinkinga imishini ngendlela efanele. Le nkinga akuxhomekile le uhlobo zokuxhumana.

izindlela

Pulse ububanzi ukushintshashintsha kwezwi ungachazwa ukuthi oluyenza yenethiwekhi kujamele ukulandelana pulses, lapho imvamisa ishayela kuyinto njalo. Izinguquko ukukhathazeka kuphela ubude pulse isignali modulating ngamunye, ngokulandelana.

Pulse ububanzi ukushintshashintsha kwezwi lihlukile isigaba imvamisa. Lokhu kuhilela isiginali ukushintshashintsha kwezwi njengomnikelo wokuzuliswa sine. It libhekene amplitude njalo futhi imvamisa variable noma isigaba. amasignali Pulse kungabuye modulated e imvamisa. Kungaba fixed ishayela ubude, futhi imvamisa yabo kwezinye value isilinganiso, kodwa ukubaluleka kwabo leso kuyoba ziyahlukahluka kuye amasignali modulating.

okutholakele

Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa elula izinhlobo bashintshashintshe izwi, bahlabe nge ipharamitha eyodwa kuphela kuzohluka ngokufanele ngolwazi modulating. Kuhlanganiswe ukushintshashintsha kwezwi uhlelo okuyinto esetshenziswa imishini yesimanje okuxhumana, - uma kukhona ushintsho ngesikhathi sinye amplitude kanti nomgodla isigaba. In izinhlelo yesimanje ingasetshenziswa subcarriers amaningi, ngamunye esebenzisa uhlobo oluthile kwezwi. Kulokhu, it is a izikimu isignali kwezwi. Leligama lisetshenziswa i-zilwane eziyinkimbinkimbi lokuhweba ezidinga izici ezengeziwe ukuba ulwazi incazelo oluphelele.

Ngo yesimanje zokuxhumana eziwasebenzisayo uhlobo kahle kakhulu bashintshashintshe izwi, bahlabe kanjalo nokunciphisa bandwidth enikeziwe ukuze khulula imvamisa isikhala ezinye izinhlobo amasignali. Quality izixhumanisi kuwo uwina kuphela, kodwa kulokhu yinkimbinkimbi imishini kakhulu. Ekugcineni, imvamisa ukushintshashintsha kwezwi inika yi ebonakalayo kumsebenzisi wokugcina ngokuya lula ukusetshenziswa izindlela lobuchwepheshe kuphela.