RS Rocket 26 "Umngcele" ( "Vanguard"): Ukucaciswa nezithombe

Ukwamukelwa langempela le-Russian ibutho ezicitshwayo RS 26 "Umngcele" ( "Vanguard") kuye kwabangela ukukhathazeka sína West. Kunengqondo umcimbi ngempela abavamile. Lesi sangoma entsha amasu ingena impi, kulolo vivinyo wabo abaholi lamazwe ukhathazekile watshelwa kulesi sigameko, ngisho khona izikhulu zaseMelika. Nokho, kwakukhona izimangalo wawuthi ngokuvamile zingancishiswa yokuthi lolu hlobo izingalo utfolakala kuluhlobo yenethiwekhi naphakathi noma ububanzi esifushane, okuphula imigomo yesivumelwano INF ka 1987.

izivumelwano International ku nezikhali zenuzi

izivumelwano International ukunciphisa isibalo abathwali kwezikhali zenuzi kwakuba isikhathi esiningi. Phakathi nokubusa L. I. Brezhneva wenza umzamo wokuqala ukunciphisa ukushuba kwesimo phakathi amabili ayizikhondlakhondla zezikhali, ngamunye okuyinto enamandla okubhubhisa ngokuphindaphindiwe zonke ekuphileni emhlabeni. Khona-ke, isikhathi esifushane okusheshayo ushintsho onobhala jikelele, Soviet inqubomgomo angaphandle umugqa lenyuka, ngangingeke ngikwazi ukukhuluma mayelana American. ezivuna Serious ezazivela eSoviet Union Kwenzeka kuphela uma liqala ukubusa, umholi abasha M. S. Gorbachev. Ngo-1987, i-Isivumelwano esasayinwa ku ukubhujiswa mutual medium rocket yenethiwekhi zebanga iDemo. Isimo e-izwe phakathi nonyaka kokuhlelwa kabusha yamemezela yesibili kwakunzima. Siswele imikhiqizo eminingi kakhulu ezivamile namuhla, uhlanga izingalo deplete isabelomali abampofu isibukezo ukubaluleka amaqiniso amaningi zomlando kwaholela esimweni esibucayi omkhulu kuyisiphazamiso esimisweni sokuhle nokubi ka nomphakathi wamaSoviet. Asinakusho ukuthi inkontileka wathi kwaba kunenzuzo Soviet isici geopolitical noma amasu, naso obukela phansi ezingaba ukuvikela yezwe, kodwa, eqinisweni, kwadingeka akukho okunye ikhanda entsha isimo. Futhi ngemvume ke, mhlawumbe, bengazi ngempela ukuthi ezihlongozwayo idokhumenti yena. Namuhla kungenzeka ukuqonda kule ndaba ngeso elibanzi futhi ngomoya ophansi.

INF

Inkinga sekuneminyaka isikhathi eside, walala yokuthi nekhono yenuzi-USSR ne-United States ungaxhomeki kuphela isibalo zenethiwekhi, ngisho kusukela ipharamitha eyodwa ebaluleke kakhulu, okuwukuthi isikhathi indiza. Uma ubheka ibalazwe camera evamile nge izisekelo missile ka NATO kanye amazwe US, kukhona kombuzo mayelana nokufaneleka khona kwabo isamba okunjalo, kodwa namanje eduze kwemingcele yethu. Uma ngenxa nesimo esibucayi angaphandle kuyonqunywa esitelekeni insimu samanje Russia, isikhathi ukusabela kuyoba njani kancane kakhulu. Zokumelana kungaba kwakuthiwa abe missile esiphikisayo iqala emhlabeni lezisekelo, kokuba iziqhumane. la amatshe impela. Ukuze kunqotshwa kwazo ngempumelelo kweminsalo abadinga encane noma medium-range, kungavunyelwa ukuthi lesi sivumelwano siyalandelwa we 1987 INF. Kodwa lapha okufanayo amasu ballistic RS 26? Phesheya, zakha ku kwemingcele yethu, ngenxa ezahlukene zokuhlasela zabo ezahlukene.

Ukuze lokho ekilasini zihlanganisa "Frontier"?

Man zisekude nezindaba amasu, kungase kubonakale sengathi ezingaphezu kuka ingandiza nangomcibisholo ballistic, ngcono. Lokhu akulona ngempela kuyiqiniso. Lokhu ukugomela Kunjengoba engalungile njengoba sledgehammer oluthathwa okuhle nokubi isando ezivamile. Qalisa i InterContinental BR target elise ezingamakhulu amabili, amathathu, noma ngisho eyodwa nengxenye amakhilomitha ayinkulungwane, ngokomthetho engenakwenzeka. It nje ngeke bakwazi ukungena oyifunayo ukulwa Yiqiniso. ICBMs zihlanganisa abathwali ballistic uhla kuka 5000 km. Yonke uhla kusuka 150 kuya 5.5 ayizinkulungwane. Km ubhekwa engaba isilinganiso. Lo mbuzo ubuzwa ukuthi yiliphi ikilasi ukuba sithwale missile RS 26 "Frontier"? izici zayo sinokulinganiselwa futhi esiphezulu (6 th. Km) kanye ubuncane (izinkulungwane ezimbili km.). Yena uyakwazi hit iziqhumane, etholakala eduze komngcele waseRussia, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kungenza sifinyelele izinto ensimini ka-United States noma kwamanye amazwe eziye bazwakalisa isifiso ukuhlasela WaseRussia. This yizinhlobonhlobo ngempela ungathandi abasekeli US ukubusa enuzi, banxusa inkontileka ka 1987.

Olunye ulwazi mayelana rocket

Akukhona nje ibanga ehlukile engaba udida nePentagon strategist. Inkinga eyinhloko Baboneni ikhono PC 26 "Umngcele" ilungiselelo lokunqoba yesimiso sokuzivikela missile. Warhead missile sehlukaniswe ukulwa amayunithi ezine, okuyela ngamunye futhi ngayinye inezinsuku thrusters lalo. Zonke imininingwane iziphathimandla abanekhono ayivezi, nakuba abanye "ukuvuza" namanje ukuhlela. RS Rocket 26 "Umngcele" akulona ngokuyinhloko ukuze isetshenziselwe oqondile inhloso yazo, ikakhulu kunomphumela kubahlinzeki izintonga ka nezitha ezingaba yingozi, futhi uma ngendlela enganakeki sengozini zabo, yonke imizamo ayifake indalo yayo, kuyoba yize.

design

Idatha mayelana ICBM kudivayisi RS 26 "Umngcele" wamboza cindezela kancane kakhulu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi amandla ingqikithi sezikhali eyaziwa izakhi ezine 1.2 Mt (4 x 300 kt). Nesimo sesakhiwo esikhulu ezintathu isigaba igobolondo isakhiwo iphindwa "Topol" futhi "Yarsov", kodwa isisindo salo kancane ngenxa isicelo ephezulu polymer izinto. Futhi wamemezela uhlelo ngokuyinhloko entsha yokuphathwa nokugcinwa komsebenzi, esisebenza ngezinga algorithm esiyingqayizivele, okuvumela ukuba ingahlanganyeli izinto eziyingozi (ezicitshwayo) futhi phezu Yiqiniso bukhoma awokuthi ukushaya ilitshe. izinhlelo ngamunye ukudala iyehla iyenyuka aperiodic in the velocity nesiqondiso Ukuvimba lesion warhead zindiza. Lokhu algorithm kuyivumela silondoloze ukulwa amakhono, ngisho noma ngabe interceptors 35 izokhishwa nokunciphisa. Amandla eyenziwe injini esiqalisweni sezinhlelo, kuqinisekisa ukufinyelela Yiqiniso ukulwa, ngisho engale we iziqhumane zasemkhathini. Yilokho umxhwele.

mathiriyeli Ukwakhiwa

Ukwandisa isisindo Inkokhelo futhi yamandla aphezulu-ballistic missile RS 26 "Umngcele" kubangelwa izici ezimbili: uhlobo olusha fuel kanye ukukhiqizwa umzimba ezikhethekile indaba ka isigaba futhi fairing. ubuchwepheshe ekhethekile ezisetshenzisiwe eklanyelwe "Spetsmash" futhi ngokuthi "tselnomotannoy". Kuyinto nezobuchwepheshe eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi polymer sesigcilikisha zazo, njenge umfece, izinto nokwelukiweyo iwumkhiqizo production Organo-chemical esiyingqayizivele, kodwa namanje lingachazwa ngokuthi ifomu lula. Ikakhulukazi templating isilinda noma eminye imigwamanda ujikeleza ukucacisa okudingekayo nilimaza esiyinhlanganisela-ntambo polymer (aramid fibre). Khona-ke, imicu donsa afuthwe ngesibulali yokuhlanganisa-ejenti. Ngemva kokuphulukisa atholakala uyakwazi withstanding lokushisa 850 degrees, uqine imithelela lokukhanda. amandla adonsela phansi ethize lokhu polymer esiyinhlanganisela lingaphansi kakhulu kunalelo metal.

fuel

Uma okuthile futhi imfihlo isimo, ngakho zithako fuel, okuyinto egcwele PC 26 "Umngcele". Izici ezicitshwayo yokuthi nokunciphisa kuyoba nzima kakhulu, ngisho noma ngabe sezikhali babe akunzima kangako ukuwuqondisa ikhono. izinga Okubalulekile kwanoma iyiphi uphethiloli kunqunywa amandla okuyinto ikhishwe ngesikhathi omlilo iyunithi isisindo salo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuzinza inqubo amandla omlilo, kungakhathaliseki lokushisa, umswakama, noma izinkomba barometric kwemvelo. Ngaphakathi izigaba MS 26 "Umngcele" othumele okuqinile amandla kwakuqeda izakhi esekelwe HMX. Zinikeza indiza esitebeleni we projectile ngesivinini esikhulu. Okuningi umphakathi jikelele alwaziwa. Njengoba kufanele kube.

chassis

RS Rocket 26 "Umngcele" sisekelwe ezimayini, kodwa injongo yayo eyinhloko - ukusetshenziswa izakhiwo ephathekayo. Ekuqaleni, kufanele ukuthi ukusebenzise Chassis zokuthutha MZKT-79 291, ezakhiwe ifomula 12 x 12 Wenziwe lokhu imishini multiwheel eBelarus. Esivuna lo mbono Kuyaphawuleka izimoto iqhaza kule umbukiso anikezelwe ukugubha iminyaka engu-68th of the Victory. Izingqapheli waphawula tractor ezintsha, linikezwe njengeyunithi yomkhosi, lapho kungenzeka ukuba sithwale RS 26 "Umngcele". Nokho, Izithombe ezithathwe e Minsk, waphikisa ulwazi ukuthuthwa ezicitshwayo entsha engasetshenziswa Kamaz-7850 chassis noma Belarusian MZKT-79292.

Le nguqulo okungenzeka kakhulu izazi zikholelwa namanje amelwe umbukiso mnogokolesnik MZKT-79291 njengoba-79292 MZKT umthamo akukaneli, begodu KamAZ ngokuphambene has umthamo ngokweqile.

Izizathu ukukhathalela West

abameleli Active kokuphikisa amazwe aseNtshonalanga kuyinto ngisho nangomcibisholo RS 24 "yars", cishe ngenxa yalezi zizathu efanayo PC 26 "Umngcele". Yini kuyingozi NATO isimiso sokuzivikela, lolu hlobo abathwali ballistic ka sezikhali zenuzi? Kuleminyaka engamashumi amathathu, ngokwe-US Congressmen, ezweni labo nje ongathi akakaze zinsongo ukulondeka kwezwe. Futhi hhayi kuphela mfushane isiqondiso endaweni phezu ngalo cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba ukwamukelwa of neutralization izinyathelo warhead. Ukunemba eliphakeme kunawo wonke amayunithi ezine kuphezulu kakhulu, bunikezwa astrocorrection isikhala uhlelo. Ngokuhlanganyela amathuba unlimited sokunqoba anti-missile Imingcele yamazwe - abaphikisana ezingase zibe bangase baphethe akudingekile ebizayo uhlelo missile ukuzivikela, okuyinto "abangane" yethu Western bavame ukubeka eduze ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze imingcele Russia. Missile uhlelo "Frontier" PC 26 baba impendulo quin ukuze umzamo iwukudambisa ezingaba enuzi Russian ICBM ukucabhela kusho.