I-glaucoma - Kuyini? Izimpawu kanye izimpawu glaucoma. Ukwelashwa wokusebenza

I-glaucoma akusho abanye uhlobo isifo esweni, it is a term for eziningi izifo angalimaza emsipheni optic. Optic nerve - inqubo eletha esizibonayo ebuchosheni. Ngokuvamile (kodwa hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi) glaucoma iyona yengcindezi ngokungavamile okusezingeni eliphezulu ehlweni. Uma isifo glaucoma itholwa ngesikhathi, kukhona njalo ithuba ukuvimbela umbono ukulahlekelwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umfutho wegazi ophezulu kungathinta emsipheni optic, okuholela ukulahlekelwa esinqunyiwe umbono noma ngisho nobumpumputhe.

I-glaucoma. Kuyini lokhu?

Ezimweni eziningi, i-glaucoma ehlotshaniswa ne ephakeme kunaleyo ingcindezi evamile ehlweni. Lesi simo kuthiwa i nomfutho wegazi ophezulu ocular. Kodwa kungase kwenzeke ngisho nalapho ingcindezi intraocular kuyinto evamile. In the ukungabikho ukwelashwa elawulwa ka-glaucoma ekuqaleni kubangela ukulahlekelwa umbono neuropathy, bese kuholela nemiphumela engelapheki.

izimbangela

Izifo ikhuthaza ekuqongeleleni okuqhubekayo esobala uketshezi ocular. It igcwalisa phambi iso, bese odabula ndinyana cornea ne-iris. Uma lezi ziteshi avimbelwe noma ingxenye zaphazamisa imbobo, ingcindezi zemvelo wande. I-glaucoma kwenzeka ngenxa ephakeme ingcindezi intraocular. Ngemva kwalokho, emsipheni optic lilimele, futhi uma isifo ingena esigabeni eziphambili, umbono kungaba aqala ukuwohloka.

Yiziphi izici nomthelela okuvela isifo?

Yini kahle hle kuvimbela ndima uketshezi kubangele ingcindezi akuyona ngokuqondile eyaziwa, kodwa odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi igama elilodwa noma ngaphezulu lezi zinto ezilandelayo kungaba neqhaza:

- Eye amathonsi ukuthi ukudlulisa abafundi nge instillation;

- amehlo amanzi Ilokhi;

- ezinye izidakamizwa, isibonelo ezifana corticosteroids;

- encishisiwe igazi ligeleze emsipheni optic;

- high blood pressure.

Izinhlobo glaucoma ngokuvumelana nesimiso nesenzakalo

glaucoma Primary libhekene izinqubo pathogenic okwenzeka CCP, isimiso sokukhuculula esweni noma emsipheni optic futhi ukuvela kwangaphambilini isifo, akudingeki lokuzibusa. Zimelele izigaba zokuqala pathogenesis ka-glaucoma.

Waba yini umphumela wesibindi eyandulela lesi sifo kungase kube i-glaucoma. Kusho ukuthini? Iqiniso lokuthi indawo okuvela kuyo amazwi isifo kungenzeka emva ukulimala iso, izimila noma ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside kwezidakamizwa ezithile. Lolu hlobo sifo kuthiwa i-glaucoma yesibili.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu-glaucoma

1. Open- (zezifo ezingelapheki).

Lolu hlobo sifo nezimpawu noma izimpawu zesifo ngaphandle kancane kancane umbono ukulahlekelwa. Futhi kungaba into kancane ukuze umbono uyakushoshozelwa yizo ungalungiseki phambi yimuphi omunye izimpawu zibonakala. Lena ngenye yama-izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu i-glaucoma. Lapho ukucindezela kwabanye intraocular sisalokhu siphakeme, kukhona umbono emhubheni, lapho umuntu angabona kuphela izinto ngqo emkhakheni ngaphambi iso. Uma kungekho mbono omuhle yokwelashwa ingatholakala elahlekile.

2. Ukuvalwa glaucoma.

Uma ukugeleza umswakama ngokuzumayo ivinjiwe, ekuqongeleleni okusheshayo uketshezi kungaholela ukwanda okukhulu, kubuhlungu futhi ngokushesha ingcindezi. Okuvela izimpawu zalesi uhlobo isimo esiphuthumayo; Kulokhu kufanele ngokushesha kudokotela. Lezi zimpawu zihlanganisa: ubuhlungu, isicanucanu, angaboni kahle.

Angle-Ukuvalwa glaucoma libhekene izimpawu okungazelelwe ezifana ubuhlungu iso, ikhanda elibuhlungu, halos emhlabeni izibani, abafundi osuke usuvulekile, ukulahlekelwa umbono, ububomvu samehlo. Eziphuthumayo usizo lwezokwelapha kuyadingeka ngenxa yokuthi ingase kuhlasela isifo ephelezelwa spurts ezimbalwa, isibonelo, owokuqala ingahlala amahora ambalwa, bese uya emuva "round" ezayo. Kungaba isikhathi eside njalo. Uma ungazami ukunqoba lesi sifo, ukuhlaselwa ngasinye kungabangela ukulahlekelwa ngenxa yokwanda kwethuba lokuba nombono.

3. glaucoma azalwa naso.

yesifo azalwa naso libhekene isici Ekhoneni iso, okuyinto siyehla noma okuvimba amanzi evamile umswakama. Lolu hlobo isifo uvame ngofuzo. Izinkomba ilezi: abafundi liguqubele Ukubhidliza, ukuzwela ekukhanyeni.

4. glaucoma Secondary.

Lolu hlobo ezingase ziphakame njengoba side effect ukulimala noma izifo ezifana cataract, isimila ocular. Ngaphansi glaucoma yesibili kwenzeka ngemuva kokuthatha imithi, corticosteroids kanye nokusebenza.

5. Pigmentary glaucoma.

Lokhu kungolunye uhlobo ezingavamile kakhulu ukuthi angakwazi kubangelwe ukuvaleka isimiso sokukhuculula esweni. Libhekene sombala leaching aphume iris futhi lokwabiwa kabusha yayo odongeni anterior esweni.

Ukuhlonza Ukugula glaucoma

isifo Ocular kunqunywa usebenzisa Imininingwane iso ukuhlolwa okubandakanya lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Visual acuity test umbono. Izinyathelo igrafu kahle ukuthi uzibona at amabanga ahlukahlukene.

2. Kukhuluma we neuropathy (side) umbono. Ukulahlekelwa umbono neuropathy ebizwa ngokuthi kudokotela wezifo zamehlo njengoba iso ukufiphala izimpawu.

3. osuke usuvulekile inqubo. Emehlweni wangcwatshwa amathonsi esikhethekile Ukuvuleka komlomo abafundi. Ngemva kwalokho ophthalmologist ubona retina kanye optic nerve izimpawu umonakalo kanye nezinye izinkinga iso. Ngemva lesi sivivinyo, umbono angahlala esilufifi amahora ambalwa (uma uzama cabanga ngendaba close-up).

4. Yokukala ingcindezi intraocular ukuze kutholwe zokuhluka. Ngezinye izikhathi kungase iso amaconsi ukusetshenziselwa lokhu inqubo.

5. Yokukala ukujiya corneal. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi pachymeter. I ophthalmologist isebenzisa amathonsi ekhethekile Numb iso, bese osebenza i wave ultrasonic ukuthola imingcele edingekayo we-cornea.

impatho-glaucoma

Ngeshwa, walahlekelwa ngenxa yokugula, umbono kungabuye kubuyiselwe ku-100%. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi uphethwe zibaluleke kangaka ekuqaleni kanye nokuvinjelwa. Izindlela yokwelashwa: umuthi, laser trabeculoplasty, ukuhlinzwa ezivamile noma inhlanganisela yezindlela ezingenhla. Lezi zinqubo akuzona panacea for babuyele ngokugcwele umbono, kodwa sikwazi ukuqhubeka ezingeni okukhona ngesikhathi sokuthwasa yokwelashwa.

zokwelapha

Imithi. Amalungiselelo ngesimo iso amaconsi noma amaphilisi kukhona izindlela ezivame kakhulu kuleli nokuqala kwenkathi ukwelashwa. Ukuthatha imithi njalo ebekwe udokotela, iso lehla ukusuka ukufiphala kungaba kakhulu ukunciphisa ingcindezi intraocular. Umthelela lokhu kwelashwa ukwehlisa ukukhishwa umswakama futhi busize i outflow uketshezi ocular.

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukwelashwa, kufanele wazise udokotela wakho mayelana nokuthatha neminye imithi noma amaphilisi, uma wamukela kubo, ngoba abanye nenhlanganisela yezidakamizwa ezahlukene azivumelekile.

amathonsi letibekiwe kusuka glaucoma noma amaphilisi kumele athathwe njalo, kuphela kulesi simo kungenzeka ukuthola nomphumela omuhle, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kungenzeka kube ezingezinhle. Ngokwesibonelo, amathonsi kungabangela zivutha ububomvu samehlo, ngisho noma lokhu bekungakenzeki kuwe phambi. Nokho, kuvela izigigaba ezingezinhle kumele abikwe ophthalmologist, njengoba inguquko abukhali kusuka imithi eyodwa kuya kwenye imithi ngezinye izikhathi akwenzeki. Ukuze ugweme izimpawu ezingemnandi udokotela wakho angase ashintshe umthamo noma uhlobo ukwelashwa.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngokuvamile i-glaucoma sifo asymptomatic, futhi abanye abantu nilingwe ukuyeka ukuphuza noma ukhohlwe ukuthatha imithi ngesikhathi esimisiwe. Regularity kubalulekile kakhulu, ukwelapha kufanele kwenziwe nje umfutho iso ngeke buya ezivamile.

Laser trabeculoplasty. Le ndlela yokwelapha wabonisa ekuthuthukiseni amanzi we amahlaya aqueous. Udokotela ongakunika ukwenza lesi sinyathelo nganoma isiphi isikhathi lihambisana edonsa izidakamizwa.

Laser trabeculoplasty wenziwa ihhovisi emtholampilo amehlo, ngaphambi kokuqala ukusebenza isicelo amathonsi ukuze Numb iso. Usebenzisa ekhethekile udokotela lens ukukhanya okukhulu ugongolo sidlula lens. Ngesikhathi lapho ugongolo ukukhanya kubonakala kuyi-retina esweni, ungabona bani ukukhanya oluhlaza noma obomvu. imisebe ye-laser has ukusha eziningana ngesikhala esilinganayo ezisiza sokukhipha uketshezi.

Njenganoma iyiphi ukuhlinzwa, ukuhlinzwa laser kungabangela imiphumela emibi, ezifana ukuvuvukala, ngakho udokotela wakho cishe ukukunika iso lehla ukusuka glaucoma okudambisa ubuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala intraocular. Esikhathini kokufika izikhathi ezimbalwa eduze ophthalmologist uzobe zihlolwe ukulawula iso ingcindezi futhi isimo jikelele iso.

ukwelashwa esweni ngalinye wenziwa ngokulandelana ezimweni lapho kokubili amehlo ukusakaza glaucoma. Nalokho akwenzayo ukuze isiguli? Laser ukwelashwa ngeso ngamunye aphethwe ngezinsuku ezahlukene, ne esiyizinsuku eziningana noma amasonto, bese kukhula ukuphumelela ukwelashwa.

Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuhlinzwa laser - indlela enhle ngoba impatho, Nokho, ngisho nangemva kokuhlinzwa, iziguli zingase zibe zimbi umbono. Kulokhu, udokotela wakho lizokwabelwa ukwelashwa okuhlukile.

Surgery. Le ndlela kusiza ukwenza izimbobo ezengeziwe ukuze outflow yamanzi. Ngokuvamile imisebenzi enjalo iphendukele emva ukwelashwa izidakamizwa futhi lokwelashwa ukuhlinzwa laser, uma kungenjalo iqedwe glaucoma. Izibuyekezo lokhu indlela yokwelashwa zihlukene, kodwa ukusebenza kusiza ukufeza umphumela oyifunayo, iningi leziguli.

I ukuhlinzwa ibizwa ngokuthi trabeculectomy futhi wenziwa esigulini esingalalisiwe esibhedlela. Ngemva ukwethulwa sedatives udokotela wenza imijovo amancane azungeze iso ukuba ndikindiki. Ngemva kwalokho, lelincane isikhumba sisuswa futhi isiteshi esisha ukugeleza uketshezi ingxenye anterior esweni esikhaleni subconjunctival.

Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa emva kokuhlinzwa, ukusebenzisa iso lehla glaucoma ukukhonza ukuze alwe namagciwane nokuvuvukala.

UmPhumela ngempumelelo ukusebenza kanye nokunciphisa ingcindezi intraocular kuyagcinwa e 60-80% eziguli. Uma amehlo akho ayisesemikhulu amanzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukusebenza yesibili kungadingeka. kokungenela Surgical kusebenza kangcono uma kukhona i-glaucoma eyinhloko futhi engakaze kwenziwe ukuhlinzwa phezu iso, ezifana cataract.

Ngezinye izikhathi ngemva kokuhlinzwa, umbono kungenzeka zimbi nakakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho kwaba ngaphambi ukuhlinzwa. Phakathi imiphumela emibi waphawula: nesenzakalo esweni, izinkinga ne-cornea, ukuvuvukala, ukutheleleka noma ingcindezi intraocular liphansi kakhulu. Lolu lwazi kumele kubikwe kudokotela wakho ukuze isungule indlela yokwelashwa.

Ukuvimbela i-glaucoma

Indlela engcono kakhulu Ukuvimbela glaucoma - luhlolo waminyaka yonke kudokotela wezifo zamehlo. ukuhlolwa Simple olwenziwa phakathi nezinqubo, bakwazi ukuthola ukuqala iso zamehlo.

Ingabe kungenzeka ukunciphisa ingozi yesifo? abacwaningi baseBrithani wathola ukuthi ukuvivinya umzimba okukhulu ngokomzimba ukunikeza ukwehla eside e ocular perfusion ingcindezi (OPP), okuyinto ingenye engcupheni, ukuvela kwangaphambilini glaucoma. OPP - value zezibalo ukuthi ibalwa lapho kulinganiswa blood pressure kanye intraocular.

ukuhlolwa Simple eyenziwa ngesikhathi sale nqubo, iso uyakwazi Ukubona amaphutha zingakenzeki glaucoma. Kusho ukuthini lokhu ngoba impilo? Indlela engcono kakhulu Ukuvimbela glaucoma - luhlolo waminyaka yonke kudokotela wezifo zamehlo.

Ingabe ikhona ubuhlobo phakathi umzimba okuvela zesifo?

Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi abahlanganyeli cwaningo ngubani babehilelekile lokuvivinya umzimba okusesilinganisweni isikhathi eside, u-25% ngaphansi ukungenwa OPP ongaphakeme.

"Kubonakala sengathi OPP ngokuyinhloko elinesimo isimo esimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi," - wathi umbhali ngalolu cwaningo Paul J. Foster, umsebenzi we-University College London Isikhungo Ophthalmology .. - "Ngeke sikwazi ukuphawula ezizathwini, kodwa yebo, kunokuhlobana phakathi yokuphila umzimba futhi izici ezikhulisa ubungozi glaucoma."

UDkt Foster baphetha ngokuthi nokugcina yokuphila asebenzayo - indlela ephumelelayo kubantu abafuna ukwehlisa ingozi glaucoma hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinye izinkinga zempilo. Lezi zinqubo ziwusizo ngisho noma umuntu glaucoma azalwa nako.

Ngaphezu umzimba njalo yokuphila asebenzayo, ungase futhi ukunciphisa ingozi yezifo, uma unamathela izincomo elula: ungabhemi, silondoloze isisindo esinempilo, futhi ulalele ezihlukahlukene ukudla okunempilo kuphela.