Rocks and Minerals

Rocks namaminerali - kuyinto ekhuthaza impahla ekhethekile obumba ungqimba lomhlaba. Yonkhe imitimba eziqinile yonke namaplanethi kohlobo efana Umhlaba kwakhiwa emadwaleni. Ngokuvamile ibinzana "idwala" ubanzi kuka igama elithi "amaminerali", kusukela wangaphambili yakhiwa izinhlobo ezahlukene namaminerali. Zonke amatshe ziyahlukahluka ukuthungwa kanye nesakhiwo.

Ukucolisakala - ethile indawo isihlobo ukuba ngamunye namanye amaminerali, ukusatshalaliswa kwazo ngeluhlelo lolutsite. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho kungekho oda lokhu ningagcini, ibizwa ngokuthi isakhiwo esikhulu. Badla Abavubukuli bathi baye bathola ezinye ungqimba ethile, kusho ukuthi kule ndawo ilungiselelo ezindawo egqinsiwe yamadwala (amatshe namaminerali) ungafakiwe, futhi esikhulu komunye nomunye.

Emvelweni, zikhona izindawo ezinhle kakhulu ngokuyisimangaliso - ke emihumeni komhlaba kokubili ezinkulu nezincane. Ngakho, i-bubble yabo ukwakheka kwenzeka edwaleni - voids enjalo uyasala amagesi ukhululeka emhlabeni. A oluthambile idwala? Kubonakala sengathi lokhu locezu nje fabulous! Lokhu locezu kungenziwa ezinemibala lapho namaminerali babe ukuma flat futhi wandise luhamba luye ohlangothini olulodwa.

Ukwahlukanisa rocks ekuqaleni ngokusekelwe nemingcele ezintathu:

1. zohlobo Primary - abayikho igneous.

2. zohlobo Secondary - abayikho sedimentary.

3. Metamorphic rocks - basengaba kube elibizwa ukushintshwa.
rocks Igneous namaminerali akhiwa solidification of magma ezafinyelela ebusweni. Ngoba inani elithile izimo kushintsha njalo kwamazinga okushisa ahlukene yizici zemvelo kwakhiwa rocks nge izakhiwo ezahlukene kanye nesakhiwo. rocks Igneous zihlukaniswe effusive futhi ijulile. Lesi sakamuva ibe namandla mkhulu futhi obukhulu crystal nesakhiwo. Laba bameleli be-edume kakhulu lolu hlobo Idwala liyisisekelo basalt negwadle.

rocks sedimentary kwamiswa bedle izici zangaphandle ezifana nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, imvelo yangaphandle - imvula, iqhwa, emisebeni yelanga bese yamagesi asemkhathini. rocks sedimentary zihlukaniswe organogenic, zamakhemikhali okuxekethile.
rocks Metamorphic namaminerali akhiwa ngenxa yezinguquko isakhiwo kobuso Earth. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi ukuzamazama komhlaba, bededelana ngezinkulungwane ungqimba lomhlaba. Kulokhu izingqimba ezingefani izinhlobo okuxubile nezinhlobo - kokubili sedimentary futhi igneous.
Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi Latin, amaminerali ( "emayini") lisho "itshe elinensimbi". Ukwakheka namaminerali - iyona izakhi zamakhemikhali ukuthi akhiwa izinqubo ezihlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali. Minerals - ngokuvamile okwenzeka izinto crystalline. Kodwa ukuma crystal akuzona zonke namaminerali.

Ukwahlukanisa umsuka amaminerali esekelwe division yabo eyisisekelo ku zamabanga aphansi naphezulu. Okuxhunyanwa phakathi labo aye amiswa ngesikhathi crystallization magma. namaminerali ezinjalo zihlanganisa mica, Silica nesibabule. namaminerali yesibili kwakhiwa vivo lapho zihlatshwa izici ezihlukahlukene zangaphandle. Lokhu kungaba kwenze amanzi anosawoti izixazululo ngu weathering nokubhujiswa eyinhloko amaminerali noma izinsalela ezahlukene imisebenzi ebalulekile yezinto eziphilayo. namaminerali ezinjalo zihlanganisa usawoti ezivamile, sylvite futhi Gypsum.

Ngokusho ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali amaminerali kungaba bomdabu (igolide, idayimane, i-platinum, ithusi), sulfide (i-ore yethusi, mercury netshe, phambili), halides (potassium usawoti kanye itshe), oxides (ezakhiwe ukuchayeka-mpilo: hematite, asebenza ngebhethri, itshe-nsimbi) , carbonates (malachite, zemabula), sulfate (Gypsum uzibiza), phosphate (apatite), silicate (chrysotile, talc, mica).