Rocks. Ukwahlukanisa.

Ezemfundo, ehlanganisa amaminerali ezivukayo ngaphakathi noma phezu kobuso bomhlaba, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile Geological abizwa ngokuthi "amatshe". Bakha kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane 4.6. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule futhi babe izakhiwo ezahlukene kanye nemibala.

Esikhathini sawo sokuphila umsuka rocks zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu: sedimentary, igneous futhi metamorphic.

Kumiswa iqembu lokuqala namaminerali is phezu phezulu. Kuzala yalolu hlobo akhiwa ekuqongeleleni inhlabathi ezweni emizimbeni amanzi sedimentation yabo okwalandela bedle adonsela phansi. Kuye indlela imfundo, bahlukene zibe:

• rocks Chemical. Leli qembu amaminerali kwakhiwa kusukela izixazululo aqueous izakhi, kanye izilwane nezitshalo izinsalela zanqwabelana phansi olwandle, emachibini nasolwandle. Lezi zihlanganisa i-sodium ne- potassium usawoti, imali phansi imizimba amanzi, Silica, elise iziphethu ezishisayo, kanye namalahle (uwoyela, igesi, amalahle), phosphate namathempeli ngokhonkolo namatshe (igobolondo idwala, wokulinganisa kanye nabanye.). namaminerali amaningi kuleli qembu abe ukuthungwa egqinsiwe.

• Clastic. Kwakheka ngenxa weathering noma izingxenye ezinyakazayo rocks wabangelwa umoya noma amanzi yeqhwa futhi inqwaba yabo okwalandela. Ngenxa yalokho, ziyakwazi luthuli kakhudlwana futhi bahlukana. Ngokusho lingakanani kukhona amancane, aphakathi nendawo, kanye rock indawo. Lezi amaminerali zihlanganisa amatshe, amatshe, isihlabathi, amatshe, ubumba.

rocks Igneous umphumela crystallization ketshezi oncibilikisiwe ekujuleni Umhlaba - magma. Akha ezingaphezu kuka-65% umthamo isamba uqweqwe yoMhlaba futhi kukhona namaminerali ezivamile.

Magma laqanjwa silicate, a ayegcwele amanzi umusi kanye amagesi futhi yancibilika kuze kube 1,200 degrees. Kuziwa ebusweni kuphela ngaphansi kwethonya izici ezihlukahlukene Geological, okuyinto epholisa, crystallizes futhi yakha idwala, ezifana le-basalt, egwadle, Olivine, pyroxenes, amphiboles.

namaminerali Magmatic zihlukaniswe awayiphazamisi futhi effusive.

• rocks Okungafuneki ezibekwe phansi ngesikhathi ukujula engajulile. Sinenkosi crystallization ezinhle futhi, kuncike geometry wamakhasi nokuma kwawo, selihlukene laba batholiths (babe osayizi enkulu), dykes (akheke ijabulise futhi akhiwa ngokugcwalisa imifantu), umongo (mncane futhi eside ubude).
• Kuphakama zokwakheka effusive lapho kokuphuma magma nibonakala futhi neraskristallizovannogo sakhiwa ingilazi mlilo. Phakathi rocks yalolu hlobo ababonakali ngezikhundla omkhulu basalt ithafa futhi lava sinters.

Kuye ukujula lapho magma kwenzeka, kunamaqembu amathathu rocks igneous:

• Plutonic - akhiwa engxenyeni engezansi uqweqwe eMhlabeni (ingxenye noma ngokuphelele). Ukuze lolu hlobo amaminerali zihlanganisa egwadle.
• Volcanic - ezakhiwe phezu. Lezi zihlanganisa amaminerali ezifana andesite.
• Hypabyssal - zenzeka lapho magma ngokugcwalisa imifantu emadwaleni ekhona. Leli qembu akunakubangelwa pegmatites.

rocks Metamorphic. Lolu hlobo namaminerali limelela namaminerali igneous noma sedimentary okuyinto, ngokuba ngaphakathi emhlabeni, nezinguquko eziphawulekayo. Izinguquko kumphumela we lokushisa umehluko, ingcindezi noma amakhemikhali ekusebenzisaneni kubangele ukubukeka ukuthungwa entsha kanye nesakhiwo rocks ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ngezithako zawo zamakhemikhali. Ngenxa yalokho, omunye ngaphandle ncibilika amaminerali kanye nokonakala iguqulwe kwenye liqine futhi lisithinte ngokwengeziwe futhi livikela. Ngokwesibonelo, e-limestone iguqulwe ibe zemabula egwadle e gneiss, sandstone futhi asebenza ngebhethri.

Ngakho, amadwala metamorphic, sedimentary futhi imvelaphi igneous ndawonye bakha ukushuba koqweqwe. Lezi namaminerali luwumthombo oyinhloko amaminerali esetshenziswa indoda zokukhiqiza impahla.