Indlela ukubhala Tindzaba empikiswaneni ezilimini? Indatshana phezu ngokolimi indaba ephathwayo izibonelo

Isikhathi esining impela, abafundi emaBangeni 7-9 esikoleni esiphakeme unikezwa isabelo babhale indaba ekhuluma udaba namalimi wemiphakathi. Uyini umgomo oyinhloko walo umsebenzi? Inhloso ukufundisa abafundi ukuze bahlanganise imicabango yabo ngokubhala. Inhloso futhi ukwandisa izinga labo ulwazi sipelingi kanye neluhlelo lwelulwimi ngcono ikhono isicelo wemithetho isiRashiya. Ukuze indzaba-agumenti kuya kulesitfupha ngesihloko ngokolimi uthole amaphuzu aphezulu, kumele zilotshwe ukusetshenziswa algorithm ngokuhambisana ecacile, izimfuno ibekwe phezu kwabo. Isihloko uzobe wachaza ngokuningiliziwe inqubo yokudala umsebenzi. Ezinye zezihloko imisebenzi kwezilimi DPA Uyophinde unikezwe embhalweni (2014).

umsebenzi incazelo

Ukuzivocavoca lokhu format inikeza umfundi ubhale ukwahlulela isifinyezo nge sezilimi Russian Stepanova V: "Isichazamazwi kubonisa, ngalokho, kanye neluhlelo lwelulwimi - indlela abantu abacabanga ngazo.". Ukuthunywa ukubona isidingo ukuchaza impendulo yakho. Ukuqamba sifundvo ngokolimi, izibonelo lapho zibukeke kuqinisekisa ukubonakaliswa nemithetho yolimi nendlela lucebe kumbhalo ukufunda kufanele ibe agumenti - sicashunwa ke. Ngokuhambisana umsebenzi, ngokomongo ngenhla, abafundi kumele icacise inombolo iziphakamiso, ukuze ngalo libhekisela, noma sisebenzise ukulandisa. Ukuzivocavoca inikeza lesibonwa kanye nesitayela yesayensi zokubukwa ongakhetha kuzo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokolimi indaba ephathwayo kumele kudalulwe ngokuphelele. Njengoba umsebenzi isingeniso ebhaliwe ungasebenzisa izwi Stepanova GV Umthamo lonke isethulo akufanele kube amazwi esingaphansi 70. Ngesikhathi ngisafunda inkinga, kanjani ukubhala Tindzaba kusihloko ngokolimi, futhi udinga ukugxila umfundi siza umninikhaya abone ukubaluleka ukuhambisana incwadi futhi ubeke izinto ngononina wesandla akucace.

isakhiwo

Ngakho indlela ukubhala Tindzaba ngesihloko kufanele kube ngokolimi, ukunamathela nezimfuneko ezithile, odinga ukukwazi kungasiphi isisekelo abazenzi ukuqondanisa nokwakheka kolimi lombhalo. Ngokulandelako, cabangela izici eziyisisekelo ethize lolu hlobo isethulo. Indatshana ngesihloko ngokolimi kuhlanganisa izigaba ezilandelayo:

1. Okufakiwe (mqondo echazwe).
2. Iyunithi main (nakhu kusadingekile ukuba kufakazelwe isikhundla enwetshiwe kunezincazelo nezibonelo).
3. Isiphetho (ukuphetha).

Amasampula ku ngokolimi kuncike izingoma uzonikezwa.

ukungena

Esikhathini echazwe ngaphambilini ukubeka umfundi abamenyiwe ukuqala ukuloba amazwi alo sezilimi Stepanova GV Nokho, isiphakamiso kuphela izincomo, futhi uma uthanda, kungashiwo ivinjelwe, yeqela kokwethula mqondo. Mqondo - kuyinto izinsolo zokuthi ngokuhamba agumenti ukufakazela. Ukungena equkethe Ukwakheka ngokolimi ngale ndaba, kufanele kube ingasaphathwa okukhulu uma ziqhathaniswa unit main. Ngamanye amazwi, ukunikezelwa kwama-mqondo kwanele ukubhala imisho emithathu. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ukungena izifanekiso ongakhetha kuzo:

1. I sezilimi esidumile Soviet Stepanov, B. wagomela ngokuthi ulimi imibukiso isichazamazwi, ngalokho, kanye neluhlelo lwelulwimi - indlela abantu abacabanga ngazo. Ake sizame ukuqonda incazelo yalesi aphorism.
2. Ngivumelana ngokugcwele nalokho isitatimende we sezilimi esidumile Stepanova GV lolo limi imibukiso isichazamazwi, ngalokho, kanye neluhlelo lwelulwimi - indlela abantu abacabanga ngazo.
3. "Ulimi Dictionary ibonisa ukuthi abantu bacabangani, neluhlelo - ukuthi bakwenza kanjani lokho", - washo academician Stepanov GV sezilimi eyaziwa amalungelo ngenxa yomuntu ingxoxo isitayela ungasho okuningi ngaye. Masibe lokhu.
4. "Dictionary ulimi kubonisa ukuthi abantu bacabangani, neluhlelo - bacabanga ukuthi," - wabhala Academician Stepanov GV Saying sezilimi esidumile kuyiqiniso impela, njengoba isiko ukucabanga kanye nenkulumo atehlukaniseki futhi incwadi yelifa ezingeni lokunakekela nemfundo umuntu. Ake sizame ukuqinisekisa lokhu izibonelo ezishaya emhloleni zendlela azisebenzisa.

Uma wayefisa, lo entry kungenzeka ebekwe ngokuzimela, futhi ukusetshenziswa omqondofana elandelayo nezwi pad lula inqubo:

• Sezilimi Academician, sezilimi, isazi, sezilimi, umbhali Emazwini akhe, Stepanov GV
• wabhala ngomcabango wagomela wabonisana.
• Aphorism, ethi, umcabango, ukwahlulela, umbono, isitatimende, ethi, amazwi.
• Yiqiniso, kuyiqiniso, akungabazeki, indisputably, kucacile.
• Angikwazi ungavumelani, I ngokuphelele uyavuma, ngixoxa nabantu ngezindaba umbono, mina kufanele uvume, mina ukusekela umbono.
• Akungabazeki umbono kombhali ukuthi ... umbhali uyaqiniseka ukuthi ... futhi leli themba buyafaneleka.
• Sibonisa, ukufakazela, ukufanekisa, qinisekisa, bakhombise kunganeliseki, siyoyiqonda.
• Ngokubona kwami, ngicabanga ukuthi, ngicabanga, ngicabanga, ngombono wami.
• Yiqiniso, yebo, kunjalo.

The main iyunithi

Ngakho indlela ukubhala Tindzaba ngesihloko kufanele kube ngokolimi, sithembele kulombhalo eboniswe ngenhla, ngalesosikhathi you azi ukuthi iningi emibhalweni voluminous kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa isingeniso nesiphetho. Ngezinye isethulo wayo:

• Sezilimi acacise incazelo yamagama ngomqondo ngabanye.
• Qinisekisa ukubonakaliswa nemithetho yolimi nendlela lucebe ye isiRashiya ngesisekelo izitatimende okungenani ezimbili.

Ukwethula ingxenye eyinhloko indzabambhalo izihloko ezilandelayo ingasetshenziswa ngesihloko ngokolimi:

1. Umqondo ulimi. Incazelo ingxenye yokuqala isitatimende Stepanova GV
2. Umqondo lolimi. Incazelo ingxenye Stepanova GV yesibili
3. Interconnectivity lolimi nolwazimagama.

Ukuze isihloko imisebenzi ngesihloko esithi yezilimi ludaluliwe ngokugcwele, kungase kube usizo izinto ulwazi kanye izifanekiso.

Umqondo ulimi. Incazelo ingxenye yokuqala isitatimende Stepanova GV

1. Silulumagama - kuyinto silulumagama ongashi ulimi esetshenziswa abantu ekukhulumeni kwabo kwansuku zonke. Amagama ibonisa yingqondo yomuntu, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ulimi - kuyinto waphonsa imicabango yethu. Okungukuthi, emazwini Academician Stepanova G. V., ngolimi isichazamazwi ebonisa ukuthi ukuthi abantu bacabangani.
2. Lexicon (namagama asetshenziswa abantu okukhulunywa) ikhombisa umbono ezungezile ukubonakaliswa womuntu engokoqobo, okungukuthi isithombe ekucabangeni kwakhe. Lokhu kwakuwumnikelo ka-abadumile sezilimi Soviet Stepanovu G. V. isizathu inkolelo ukuthi "ulimi isichazamazwi ebonisa ukuthi ukuthi abantu bacabangani."
3. Silulumagama (kusukela lesiGreki Lexikos -. Silulumagama, ngamazwi) - iqoqo lamagama. Leli gama libizwa nesilulumagama zolimi ngalunye emhlabeni. Kuyinto thile, okubonisa jikelele ukubukwa womuntu nefilosofi yezinto ezizungezile.
4. Silulumagama - kuwuhlobo isimo womuntu bayazi, okubonisa nefilosofi yayo futhi imibono yefilosofi ezintweni. Ngokusebenzisa ulimi okuzelwe umbono - inkulumo ethi ungenalutho ka komuntu. Yilokho isichazamazwi ichaza ke ifomu imicabango noma imizwa yami, okungukuthi, kabusha kudala futhi uzwakalisa okuthile ngokusebenzisa ethize amagugu silulumagama.

Umqondo lolimi. Incazelo kuya ingxenye yesitatimende Stepanova GV yesibili

1. Grammar - endaweni wesayensi yezilimi, kuhlanganise syntax kanye morphology. Sula lwati lweluhlelo hhayi kuphela engasiza umuntu ukuba kahle futhi nge ukuzwakala konke okusemandleni ukuba baveze abakucabangayo. ImiBhalo yembula isimo sakhe, sengqondo kwabanye nokuthula kwangaphakathi.
2. Grammar (Grammatike (kusuka esiGrekini) -. "Ubuciko bokubhala") - igatsha wesayensi yezilimi, ogxile ekutadisheni isakhiwo yolimi. Grammar kuyinto obuseduze plexus futhi eyala ezimbili ezihlobene - morphology nokumiswa kwemisho. Kuyinto ngenxa lolimi umcabango ungenalutho kuthatha isikhumba somzimba siqu. lolimi ulwazi inikeza ithuba ukwakha inkulumo yalokucuketfwe, yonkhe ngokunengqondo eyakhelwe futhi iziphakamiso.
3. Inkulumo kunoma yiluphi ulimi zomhlaba akuyona iqoqo mechanical amazwi. Ukuzwisiswa, kubalulekile ukuthola hhayi kuphela amagama afanele, kodwa futhi ukuxhuma kubo ngendlela efanele, ukubeka ngendlela efanele, ibe ifomu elifanele, ngokunengqondo angena isiphakamiso. Lokhu kunomthelela ulwazi lwethu imithetho lolimi - ingxenye yezilimi ngokuhlanganisa morphology nolwamagama ulimi ngesikhathi esifanayo.
4. Ukuze ukwakha umusho noma isitatimende ebonisa ukuthi abanye bacabanga ukuthi, akwanele ukuba ayothatha linani lemagama bese uvula ukuba bakusho. Ifanele ngaphakathi injongo umklamo okhuluma phakathi eyayembuleka ngenkulumo yakhe. Kulokhu, kufanele ixhunywe ndawonye umyalelo othize ukwakha isakhiwo okunomqondo umbhalo, ngokuqondile kufakwe umongo zokuxhumana. Isethi imithetho lenhlangano sohlaka ngemagama latimele ihlelwe inhlanganisela yabo nomunye futhi categorical ushintsho olunjalo ngesayensi lolimi.
5. Grammar - kuyikhono ukubhala ukukhuluma ngendlela efanele. Ukumazi lesi siyalo kuyisihluthulelo ukusetshenziswa ngokufanele ekulumwenakhe nokusiza kuletsa inshokutsi ezengeziwe embhalweni;
6. Grammar iqoqo imithetho mayelana nokuguqulwa futhi inhlanganisela amazwi emshweni, futhi ubhekwa umthetho eziyisisekelo zalolo limi, ngaphandle kwalokho kuyoba wonke amazwi zazifile kungekho amagugu umthwalo. Ukuze isakhiwo esihlukile, yokubuthanela lonke isakhiwo, awakha njani umusho okunenjongo, badinga ushintshe futhi ibekwe ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kwenziwa ngaphandle lwati lweluhlelo akunakwenzeka.

Interconnectivity lolimi ngesilulumagama netakhiwo

academician Soviet Stepanov GV ukhuluma ubunye ifomu kanye nolimi kwayo okuqukethwe. ekuthuthukiseni impucuko ukucabanga buhlobene eduze ukuthuthukiswa yokukhuluma. Yingakho ubudlelwane kokusebenzisa uhlelo lolimi nolwazimagama iba sobala. Ulwazi le-syntax eziyisisekelo, morphology, kanye silulumagama ocebile, sisize lowo muntu ukuba ngokucace futhi ngokucacile baveze abakucabangayo. Konke lokhu kusikisela ubuhlobo obuseduze okuqinile eyala ezimbili, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi bakuphi tinhlangotsi letehlukene ulimi. Kulesi ekhombisa nemithetho yolimi nendlela lucebe umbhalo kungenzeka ubudlelwano elandelayo komunye nomunye:

• ukuhambisana;
• iphutha;
• kucacisa ukwelekelela.

Umehluko phakathi eyala ezimbili wukuthi lolimi has a ezahlukene imihlola ka nje okungaqondile zomhlaba kuka silulumagama. Umumo afanayo isiyalo kuqala okuqukethwe iziphakamiso inikeza ithuba ukuba wahlulele falsity noma iqiniso kwamazwi okhulumayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ngokugcwele dictum Stepanova G. V., okuyinto izophela umusho olula "Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abantu bathini, ebaluleke kakhulu - akwenzayo kanjani", okusho lolimi kunikeza ukumelwa truthful ngaphezulu, kuyilapho silulumagama uyakwazi kahle kufihlwe imicabango isikhulumi kweqiniso. Ngakho, uhlobo ukucabanga , futhi kukhombisa indoda essence wakhe.

Izimfuneko eqinisekisa izingxenye

Ukukhetha izihloko eziphathelene namalimi for tindzaba, abafundi kudingeka uqonde ukuthi azophikisana mqondo esachazwa ezingcaphunweni ezivela encwadini umbhalo. Kulokhu, ijubane yesivalo esetshenziswa kumele ihambisane nezidingo ezilandelayo:

• Inombolo izibonelo, kufanele kube okungenani ezimbili.
• Ezikhishwe ezakususwa umbhalo okhethiwe.
• Lezi zibonelo kufanele sifanekise ngokucacile umehluko e ukubonakaliswa nemithetho yolimi nendlela lucebe ngolimi.
• Izilinganiso kumele athobele futhi sidlule ukubaluleka lesi simanga.

Faka izibonelo embhalweni imisebenzi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubuqotho bayo kanye zokuxhuma ngokusebenzisa amaphethini inkulumo elandelayo:

• Ukuze uqinisekise lesi sitatimende, ake sibheke ... umbhalo ezihlongozwayo.
• Ake sifanekise Kusobala ukuthi lwetakhi telulwimi ngokuthi (lucebe) Inani kungaba yisibonelo ... lo mbhalo izipesheli.
• ISIBONELO lwetakhi telulwimi (lucebe) ubonisa umbhalo kungabonwa emshweni № ...
• Kuba semtsetfweni okokufaka kungaqinisekiswa ngokuthola isibonelo ... izipesheli, lapho khona umbhali umbhalo usebenzisa lwetakhi telulwimi (lucebe) ezinjengokungcoliswa ...
• Ukweseka izahlulelo ayo angathatha isibonelo kusuka ... izipesheli enikeziwe umbhalo, kukhombisa ngokusobala lokhu lolimi (lucebe) mkhuba.
• Cabanga ... isiphakamiso, olusebenzisa uhlelo lolimi (lucebe) mkhuba, njengoba ... Le ukwahlulela uqinisekisa ukuthi ...

Izindlela agumenti ngokuletha

Ukuvezwa izenzakalo lucebe embhalweni:

"Ngokwesibonelo, ukusetshenziswa silulumagama ngokomzwelo futhi ekhululekile (" igwala ngeshwa "), futhi amagama akhulunywa uhlamvu (" epikinikini "," hlela ") e ukuziphinda Heroine (iziphakamiso 34, 35, 38), umbhali kombhalo ligxile unya futhi ukweyisa ezingqondweni zezingane ".

Ukuvezwa imihlola phakathi kwezakhi zolimi embhalweni:

"Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga, iziphakamiso inombolo 19 kanye nenombolo 20. Sonke siyazi ukuthi igama elithi" ngicela. "Kuyinto elithile nangokuziphatha lenhlonipho kwenye inhlangano. Nokho, uma sihlaziya indawo leligama kulenkhulumo lezi iziphakamiso, ukuthi, cabanga kolimi imisho, bese uzophawula ukuthi igama elithi "siza" lapho akuyona ingxenye umusho odlule kuyinto isakhiwo ezimele syntactic. kulombhalo, umlobi isebenzisa isintheksi ethola "parcelling", okuvumela Maxim yefilakisi dlulisa ezingezinhle. "

isiphetho

Ingxenye yokugcina umsebenzi, kanye entry walo, kumele singeqi ivolumu block eyinhloko umbhalo. Le ngxenye kuyisiphetho esibonisa ukuhluzeka ngaphambili kuchazwe futhi eboniswe mqondo neziphakamiso isiqinisekiso yakhe.

Qala engxenyeni yokugcina umsebenzi kungaba kula mazwi alandelayo:

• Ngakho-ke.
• Kusho.
• Kanjalo.
• Ngakho.
• Kufinyeta izitatimende ezingenhla, safika esiphethweni sokuthi ...

Isiphetho kwesampula:

"Ngakho-ke, wonke umuntu hhayi kuphela has ukucabanga ngokucacile, kodwa futhi kakhulu ukuveza ngokunembile imicabango yabo yokukhuluma It is lokhu imibono yokungabi nandaba wayechaza ukuthini kithi Stepanov GV, bethi isichazamazwi kolimi ibonisa ukuthi abantu bacabangani, neluhlelo -. Njengoba ezikucabangayo. Nakhu ukuthi ukubhala Tindzaba on isihloko yezilimi '.