Izakhi

Lo mqondo wethulwa izimfundiso uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli usosayensi omkhulu Vernadsky. Umsoco Vernadsky - "into ekhishwa ukuphila, amandla amakhulu kunawo wonke ezingaba khona." Kwakungenxa ibitume, uwoyela, limestone, amalahle, njll

Uma sikubeka kalula, izinhlayiya of udaba eziphilayo kanye nezakhi khona. Izibonelo - uvolo, namazinyo lehla izimpondo zenyamazane lehla izinyoni nezimpaphe, amahlamvu, nezithelo isitshalo impova, amagxolo noma imithi ewile, indle isilwane. Ukuze izakhi uyalandisa amapharele, eggshell, Bile (kwezinso) amatshe, ubisi, umpe, iwebhu, nosilika. Uhlu alupheli.

kungabuye kwakhiwa izidakamizwa Non-biogenic ngu eziphilayo, kodwa, ngokungafani kuya izakhi ingahlalisekanga kakhulu kule uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli njengoba bazisa kabusha kwezinye izinto eziphilayo.

inqubo Ikakhulukazi ejwayelekile organic compounds. Kuphela ingxenye encane izinto okungezona biogenic babe bemivubukulo ezihambelayo polibiogennye izinto. rocks sedimentary kuyiplanethi yethu Kwakhiwa kwezinkathi Geological esidlule. Ngu polibiogennym izinto ezike kungaba, isibonelo, zihlanganisa detritus (yemifino), izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo (sibabiza mummified), coprolites, inhlaka, mikrobiogennye amaminerali (yensimbi hydroxides, sulfides, carbonates, njll).

Intaba Umhlaba rocks zidalwe, ngokuyinhloko izinto eziphilayo. Kungokufanayo carbonate rocks (dolomite limestone, wokulinganisa) zibangelwa plankton umsebenzi namafilimu phansi phakathi nezwe amanzi nasolwandle.

Koprolitovye limestones nazo ibhekwa njengezwekazi biogenic. Lokhu kubuye edwaleni lapho indaba kokuqala tekwakha indle baba ngodaka izidla eziye elibuyekeziwe lime yl.

Lesitshalo Silica (asebenza ngebhethri, itshe eliyigugu, chalcedony) yakhiwa ngokuyinhloko izinsalela lwamathambo we "silicon" eziphilayo - diatom ulwelwe (diatoms) Radiolarian, izipanji, silikoflagellat.

Kodwa Izibaseli (caustobioliths) - sedimentary yamadwala nasemigodini zinezikhathi lokuhlala eliphezulu kwezakhi phambi kwethu. Caustobiolites kwakhiwa ngaphansi kwethonya imisebenzi ethile namandla eziphilayo ezihlukahlukane eziphilayo.

Ikakhulukazi organic ikhemikhali non-biogenic is uye wakwenza zanqwabelana izingxenye emachibini emaxhaphozini, wamanje ku uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli. Ngokwesibonelo, ezweni lethu mayelana 60% zigcine Peat yevolumu emhlabeni. Futhi lokhu kungenxa indawo ethize yendawo Yiqiniso, isimo sezulu.

amanzi Continental nasolwandle buthelela izinsalela plankton nezinto eziphilayo benthic khulula-elintantayo, sapropel (daka ezifakwa ngamanzi agobhozayo), isilwane excrements. By endleleni, yale nqubo, ungabuka ngisho ekhaya okugcinwa.

Yamalahle, ngesikhathi sayo, yakheke kusuka Peat, kodwa kakade lasendulo. Amafutha shales kuthiwa kwakhiwa kusukela sapropel. Lapha, nemiyo organic omelelwa phytoplankton (izinsalela). Kodwa kukhona amasleyithi "polugoryuchie" - ukubunjwa yabo iqukethe izinsalela zooplankton futhi zoobenthos.

Umsoco futhi baba imbangela "igolide abamnyama" - uwoyela. "Abazali" uwoyela - izinsalela sekushiwo planktonic eziphilayo.

phosphate Species, manganese kanye indlala - sedimentary, lokuhlushwa eliphansi izinto izakhi.

Uma sicabangela ezifakwa phosphorite, ezingaphezu kuka-90% ungaphakathi inhlabathi ngezansi wezilwandle, umsuka, njengoba ungase ukuqagela, organic. Ukuhamba main phosphorus - phytoplankton, okuyinto evame kangaka kuchazwe njengoba amanzi kukhanya ebusuku. Kodwa phosphorus inzika phansi kolwandle - indle zooplankton.

manganese Ferruginous noma amatshe yakha eziphilayo emaxhaphozini, amachibi nezilwandle, izilwandle. iron ne-manganese lokuhlushwa yensimbi kuxhomeke.

Eziphilayo futhi alleity (kuhlanganise bauxite), usawoti, clayey namadwala clastic.

Kodwa "izinto onamandla kunayo amandla ezingaba" yadalwa phakathi neminyaka futhi zeminyaka, uyephuza yamafrakshini we milimitha. Sichitha lokhu amandla ngezinga elikhulu. On the amathemba kudingeka ucabange njengamanje, ngoba nge ijubane isitokwe iningi izinsiza is fully eligwadulekile ekupheleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka ...